基于前哨动物的儿童铅暴露风险评估研究进展

职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (19): 2722-2726.

基于前哨动物的儿童铅暴露风险评估研究进展

孙妍¹, 张亚群²(), 王敏珍¹, 尚婷婷², 郑山¹()

¹ 兰州大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系，甘肃兰州 730000
² 甘肃省生态环境科学设计研究院，甘肃兰州 730000

收稿日期:2025-10-24 修回日期:2025-12-26 出版日期:2026-10-01 发布日期:2026-08-17
通信作者: 郑山，E-mail：zhengsh@lzu.edu.cn；张亚群，E-mail：840819476@qq.com
作者简介:孙妍，女，在读硕士研究生，研究方向为流行病与卫生统计学。
基金资助:
甘肃省科技计划基金资助项目(23JRRA1274)

Research progress on risk assessment of children's lead exposure based on sentinel animals

SUN Yan¹, ZHANG Yaqun²(), WANG Minzhen¹, SHANG Tingting², ZHENG Shan¹()

¹ Institute of Epidemiology and Statistics， School of Public Health，Lanzhou University，Lanzhou， Gansu 730000， China
² Gansu Academy of Environmental Research Sciences， Lanzhou， Gansu 730000， China

Received:2025-10-24 Revised:2025-12-26 Online:2026-10-01 Published:2026-08-17
Contact: ZHENG Shan，E-mail：zhengsh@lzu.edu.cn；ZHANG Yaqun，E-mail：840819476@qq.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

前哨动物（尤其是家养狗）血铅水平与儿童血铅水平显著相关，是监测儿童铅暴露的有效指示器，也是环境铅风险对人类健康的预警信号。由于家养狗与儿童共享居住环境，暴露于相同的铅污染源（如土壤、灰尘、食物、水），且暴露途径高度相似，其血铅水平可直接反映环境铅污染对人群健康的潜在风险，家养狗的血铅水平可作为环境铅风险对人类健康的重要预警信号。在儿童出现铅中毒临床症状前，通过监测家养狗血铅水平，可早期识别环境铅污染隐患，为及时采取干预措施、保护儿童健康提供科学依据。本文综述前哨动物（重点为家养狗）血铅水平与儿童血铅水平的关联，梳理国内外铅暴露健康风险评估的步骤与常用方法，探讨儿童铅暴露的污染源及环境中铅的来源与迁移路径，明确前哨动物作为儿童血铅水平指示器的有效性，同时分析其在环境铅暴露监测中的应用前景。

关键词: 前哨动物, 家养狗, 儿童血铅, 铅暴露, 风险评估, 污染源识别

Abstract:

Blood lead levels in sentinel animals（particularly domestic dogs） show significant correlations with those in children，serving as effective indicators for monitoring lead exposure in children and early warning signals of environmental lead risks to human health. Given that domestic dogs share living environments with children，are exposed to the same lead pollution sources（such as soil，dust，food，and water），and have highly similar exposure pathways，their blood lead levels can directly reflect the potential health risks of environmental lead pollution. The blood lead levels of domestic dogs can thus serve as crucial early warning indicators for human health risks from environmental lead. By monitoring the blood lead levels of domestic dogs before clinical symptoms of lead poisoning appear in children，we can identify environmental lead pollution hazards early，providing scientific evidence for timely intervention measures to protect children's health. This article reviews the correlation between blood lead levels in sentinel animals（with domestic dogs as the focus） and those in children，outlines domestic and international procedures and commonly used methods for health risk assessment of lead exposure，explores pollution sources of lead exposure in children and the origins and migration pathways of lead in the environment，clarifies the effectiveness of sentinel animals as indicators for children's blood lead levels，and analyzes their application prospects in environmental lead exposure monitoring.

Key words: Sentinel animal, Domestic dog, Children's blood lead, Lead exposure, Risk assessment, Pollution source identification

中图分类号:

R183

孙妍, 张亚群, 王敏珍, 尚婷婷, 郑山. 基于前哨动物的儿童铅暴露风险评估研究进展. [J]职业与健康, 2026, 42(19): 2722-2726.

SUN Yan, ZHANG Yaqun, WANG Minzhen, SHANG Tingting, ZHENG Shan. Research progress on risk assessment of children's lead exposure based on sentinel animals. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2026, 42(19): 2722-2726.

参考文献 35

[1]	王桂芳, 郭会越, 邹建芳. 铅的神经毒性及其生物标志物的研究进展[J]. 工业卫生与职业病, 2012, 38(4):252-255.
[2]	何九军. 血铅中毒对少年儿童生长发育的影响[J]. 中国资源综合利用, 2015, 33(5):61-63.
[3]	LARSEN B, SÁNCHEZ-TRIANA E. Global health burden and cost of lead exposure in children and adults:A health impact and economic modelling analysis[J]. Lancet Planet Health, 2023, 7(10):E831-E840.
[4]	ROTHWEILER A M, CABB E E, GERSTENBERGER S L. The status of childhood lead poisoning and prevention in Nevada,USA[J]. Thescientificworldjournal, 2007, 7:479-492. DOI URL
[5]	WANG J, EL-FAHMAWI A, YAN C, et al. Childhood lead poisoning from domestic products in China:A case study with implications for practice,education,and policy[J]. Public Health Nurs, 2019, 36(6):806-812. DOI URL
[6]	GARCÍA-FERNÁNDEZ A J, ESPÍN S, GÓMEZ-RAMÍREZ P, et al. Wildlife Sentinels for Human and Environmental Health Hazards in Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment[M]// ROYK. EcotoxicologicalQSARs. New York: Springer US,2020:77-94.
[7]	TOYOMAKI H, YABE J, NAKAYAMA S M M, et al. Factors associated with lead(Pb) exposure on dogs around a Pb mining area,Kabwe,Zambia[J]. Chemosphere, 2020, 247:125919. DOI URL
[8]	RABINOWITZ P M, GORDON Z, HOLMES R, et al. Animals as sentinels of human environmental health hazards:An evidence-based analysis[J]. EcoHealth, 2005, 2(1):26-37. DOI URL
[9]	BERNY P J M. Household pets as monitors of lead exposure to humans[D]. Urbana-Champaign: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1993.
[10]	秦晓飞, 秦占芬, 徐晓白. 前哨动物在环境污染物人体健康风险评价中的应用[J]. 生态毒理学报, 2007(4):476-480.
[11]	HEGEDUS C, ANDRONIE L, UIUIUI P, et al. Pets,Genuine Tools of Environmental Pollutant Detection:Sentinels and Biomonitors[J]. Animals, 2023, 13(18):2923. DOI URL
[12]	BERNY P J, COTE L M, BUCK W B. Can household pets be used as reliable monitors of lead exposure to humans?[J]. Sci Total Environ, 1995, 172(2-3):163-173. PMID
[13]	NEO J P S, TAN B H. The use of animals as a surveillance tool for monitoring environmental health hazards,human health hazards and bioterrorism[J]. Vet Microbiol, 2017, 203:40-48. DOI URL
[14]	ASSI M A, HEZMEE M N M, HARONA W, et al. The detrimental effects of lead on human and animal health[J]. Vet World, 2016, 9(6):660-671. DOI URL
[15]	IMAGAMA M, RUSHING M, CARTER A, et al. Using blood lead concentrations of wildlife sentinels to identify environmental risk factors of lead exposure for public health and wildlife rehabilitation efforts[J]. Ecotoxicology, 2023, 32(3):357-369. DOI PMID
[16]	CHEN X, CAO S, WEN D, et al. Domestic dogs as sentinels of children lead exposure:Multi-pathway identification and source apportionment based on isotope technique[J]. Chemosphere, 2023, 316:137787. DOI URL
[17]	陈星. 家养狗血铅同位素指纹特征解析农村地区儿童铅暴露来源[D]. 北京: 北京科技大学, 2023.
[18]	MONKIEWICZ J, ROGOWSKA K A, MIELNIKIEWICZ A, et al. Lead in the blood of dogs living in variously contaminated environment[J]. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy, 2012, 56(4):605-609. DOI URL
[19]	PARK S H, LEE M H, KIM S K. Studies on Cd,Pb,Hg and Cr values in dog hairs from urban Korea[J]. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 2005, 18(8):1135-1140. DOI URL
[20]	HEGEDUS C, ANDRONIE L, UIUIU P, et al. Pets,genuine tools of environmental pollutant detection[J]. Animals(Basel), 2023, 13(18):2923.
[21]	张园, 耿春女, 蔡超. 铅暴露对人体健康风险评价的模型综述[J]. 环境化学, 2013, 32(6):943-951.
[22]	孟菁华. 重金属铅的Source-to-Effect模型构建及健康风险评价[D]. 兰州: 兰州大学, 2015.
[23]	杨珂玲, 张宏志, 张志刚. 铅暴露的环境健康风险评估模型的本土化研究[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2016, 26(2):163-169.
[24]	MADDALONI M, BALLEW M, DIAMOND G, et al. Assessing lead risks at non-residential hazardous waste sites[J]. Hum Ecol Risk Assess, 2005, 11(5):967-1003. DOI URL
[25]	吕玉桦. 我国儿童血铅水平现状及对策研究[D]. 衡阳: 南华大学, 2014.
[26]	荣盛, 丁栋梅, 滕丽丽, 等. 儿童血铅测定分析[J]. 中国保健营养, 2012, 22(4):258-259.
[27]	YAFFE Y, FLESSEL C P, WESOLOWSKI J J, et al. Identification of lead sources in California children using the stable isotope ratio technique[J]. Arch Environ Health, 1983, 38(4):237-245. DOI URL
[28]	刘景秀, 王晓燕, 曾静, 等. 同体儿童血、发铝浓度及同位素比值研究[J]. 卫生研究, 2009, 38(3):375-377.
[29]	TSCHETSCH L, MUSSAUER A, MAUDER M, et al. Multi-isotope fingerprints(O,Sr and Pb) in archaeological animal bone bioapatite:Similarity search and the suitability for provenance analysis in a geologically complex Alpine region[J]. Archaeometry, 2020, 62:35-52. DOI URL
[30]	DUZGOREN-AYDIN N S, WEISS A L. Use and abuse of Pb-isotope fingerprinting technique and GIS mapping data to assess lead in environmental studies[J]. Environ Geochem Health, 2008, 30(6):577-588. DOI URL
[31]	ALQATTAN Z A, TRAHAN A, CHUKWUONYE G N, et al. Lead source apportionment and climatic impacts in rural environmental justice mining communities[J]. Environ Res, 2025, 271:121130. DOI URL
[32]	DEPAERMENTIER M L C. Isotope data in Migration Period archaeology:Critical review and future directions[J]. Archaeol Anthropol Sci, 2023, 15(4):1-22. DOI
[33]	孙缨泽, 李湘凌, 周涛发. 铅同位素示踪技术在土壤重金属污染来源解析中的应用研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2012, 27(S1):411-414.
[34]	WEI X, ZHOU Y, JIANG Y, et al. Health risks of metal(loid)s in maize(Zea mays L.) in an artisanal zinc smelting zone and source fingerprinting by lead isotope[J]. Sci Total Environ, 2020, 742:140321. DOI URL
[35]	GLORENEC P, AZEMA A, DURAND S, et al. The isotopic signature of lead emanations during the fire at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris,France[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021, 18(10):5249. DOI URL