社交媒体自我呈现量表在中国中老年人中的信效度检验

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的检验社交媒体自我呈现量表（the self-presentation on Facebook questionnaire，SPFBQ）在中国中老年群体中的信效度。方法于2024年11—12月通过线上问卷调查平台对山西省某地市级老年大学的1 014名学员进行施测，3周后对其中的90人进行重测；采用总样本（n=1 014）进行项目、校标关联效度、信度、差异和相关分析，随机分半样本1（n=505）进行探索性因子分析，随机分半样本2（n=509）进行验证性因子分析。结果修订后的量表包含13个条目，符合五因子模型，解释总变异的65.52%；量表的拟合度良好：χ²=166.314，df=53，χ²/df=3.138，比较拟合指数0.934，相对拟合指数=0.903，标准化残差均方根=0.057，近似误差均方根=0.065；量表的信度良好，Cronbach’s α系数为0.784，3周后的重测信度为0.808。此外，修订后的量表还被证实具有良好的效标关联效度及预测效度。结论修订后的量表在信度和效度方面表现良好，适用于测量中国中老年人社交媒体上的自我呈现。

关键词: 自我呈现量表, 老年人, 信度, 效度, 心理健康

Abstract:

Objective To test the reliability and validity of the self-presentation on Facebook questionnaire（SPFBQ） among Chinese middle-aged and elderly groups. Methods Using an online questionnaire survey platform，a total of 1 014 students from the municipal universities for the elderly in Shanxi Province were investigated from November to December 2024.Three weeks later，90 of them were retested. The total sample（n=1 014） was used for item analysis，criterion-related validity analysis，reliability analysis，difference analysis and correlation analysis. Samples were randomly split into half，sample 1（n=505） was used for exploratory factor analysis and sample 2（n=509） for confirmatory factor analysis. Results The revised scale contained 13 items，which corresponded to the five-factor model and explained 65.52% of the total variation. The revised scale had good fitness（χ²=166.314，df=53，χ²/df=3.138，CFI=0.934，TLI=0.903，SRMR=0.057，RMSEA=0.065）. The revised scale had the good reliability：Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.784，and the retest reliability was 0.808. It was identified that the revised scale had good criterion-related validity and predictive validity. Conclusion The revised scale has good reliability and validity and is suitable for measuring self-presentation on social media among Chinese middle-aged and older adults.

Key words: Self-presentation scale, The elderly, Reliability, Validity, Mental health

中图分类号:

R181.2

曹睿睿, 赵怡霖, 张镇. 社交媒体自我呈现量表在中国中老年人中的信效度检验. [J]职业与健康, 2026, 42(2): 196-201.

CAO Ruirui, ZHAO Yilin, ZHANG Zhen. Reliability and validity testing of self-presentation on Facebook questionnaire among elderly in China. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2026, 42(2): 196-201.

图/表 8

参考文献 23

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因子名称	英文条目	中文条目
真实自我（real self）	5. I have a good sense of who I am and many of the things I do on my Facebook profile is a way of showing that.	5. 我很清楚自己是谁，并且我在社交媒体上发布的个人信息也能反映这一点
	6. Who I am online is similar to who I am offline.	6. 线上的我和线下的我是相似的
	7. I have a good sense of what I want in life and using Facebook is a way to express my views and beliefs.	7. 我很清楚自己想要什么，使用社交媒体是表达我观点和信念的一种方式
	8. The way I present myself on Facebook is how I am in real life.	8. 我在社交媒体展示自己的方式就是我在现实生活中展示自己的方式
理想自我（ideal self）	9. I like myself and am proud of what I stand for and I show it on my Facebook profile.	9. 我会在社交媒体上展示出我对自己的喜欢，和对自己的主张的自豪
	10. I post things on my Facebook to show aspects of who I want to be.	10. 我通过在社交媒体上发布的信息（视频、照片、文章等）来展示我想成为什么样的人
	14. Who I want to be is often reflected in the things I do on my Facebook profile（e.g.，status posts，comments，photos，etc.）.	14. 我在社交媒体上做的事通常能反映我想成为什么样的人（如个人简介、视频、头像、评论、照片等）
虚假自我-欺骗（false self-deception）	12. I sometimes try to be someone other than my true self on Facebook.	12. 在网上，我有时会尝试成为一个与真实自我不同的人
	13. I am a completely different person online than I am offline.	13. 我在网上和线下是完全不同的两个人
	15. I post information about myself on my Facebook profile that is not true.	15. 我在社交媒体（如快手、微信、抖音）上发布的个人信息是不真实的
	17. Sometimes I feel like I keep up a front on Facebook.	17. 有时我觉得自己在社交媒体（如快手、微信、抖音）上得保持正面形象
虚假自我-探索（false self-exploration）	1. On Facebook I can tryout many aspects of who I am much more than I can in real life.	1. 在社交媒体上，我能表现更多方面的自己
	2. I change my photos on my Facebook profile to show people the different aspects of who I am.	2. 我会在社交媒体的个人资料上更新照片，向人们展示我的不同方面
	3. I feel like I have many sides to myself，and I show it on my Facebook profile.	3. 我会在社交媒体的个人主页上展示出来自己的许多方面
虚假自我-比较/印象（false self-compare/impress）	4. I compare myself to others on Facebook.	4. 我会在社交媒体拿自己和别人比较
	11. I try to impress others with the photos I post of myself on my Facebook profile.	11. 我会在社交媒体上发布自己的照片或视频，试图给别人留下深刻印象
	16. I only show the aspects of myself on Facebook that I know people would like.	16. 我在社交媒体上只展示让人们喜欢的一面

因子名称	英文条目	中文条目
真实自我（real self）	5. I have a good sense of who I am and many of the things I do on my Facebook profile is a way of showing that.	5. 我很清楚自己是谁，并且我在社交媒体上发布的个人信息也能反映这一点
	6. Who I am online is similar to who I am offline.	6. 线上的我和线下的我是相似的
	7. I have a good sense of what I want in life and using Facebook is a way to express my views and beliefs.	7. 我很清楚自己想要什么，使用社交媒体是表达我观点和信念的一种方式
	8. The way I present myself on Facebook is how I am in real life.	8. 我在社交媒体展示自己的方式就是我在现实生活中展示自己的方式
理想自我（ideal self）	9. I like myself and am proud of what I stand for and I show it on my Facebook profile.	9. 我会在社交媒体上展示出我对自己的喜欢，和对自己的主张的自豪
	10. I post things on my Facebook to show aspects of who I want to be.	10. 我通过在社交媒体上发布的信息（视频、照片、文章等）来展示我想成为什么样的人
	14. Who I want to be is often reflected in the things I do on my Facebook profile（e.g.，status posts，comments，photos，etc.）.	14. 我在社交媒体上做的事通常能反映我想成为什么样的人（如个人简介、视频、头像、评论、照片等）
虚假自我-欺骗（false self-deception）	12. I sometimes try to be someone other than my true self on Facebook.	12. 在网上，我有时会尝试成为一个与真实自我不同的人
	13. I am a completely different person online than I am offline.	13. 我在网上和线下是完全不同的两个人
	15. I post information about myself on my Facebook profile that is not true.	15. 我在社交媒体（如快手、微信、抖音）上发布的个人信息是不真实的
	17. Sometimes I feel like I keep up a front on Facebook.	17. 有时我觉得自己在社交媒体（如快手、微信、抖音）上得保持正面形象
虚假自我-探索（false self-exploration）	1. On Facebook I can tryout many aspects of who I am much more than I can in real life.	1. 在社交媒体上，我能表现更多方面的自己
	2. I change my photos on my Facebook profile to show people the different aspects of who I am.	2. 我会在社交媒体的个人资料上更新照片，向人们展示我的不同方面
	3. I feel like I have many sides to myself，and I show it on my Facebook profile.	3. 我会在社交媒体的个人主页上展示出来自己的许多方面
虚假自我-比较/印象（false self-compare/impress）	4. I compare myself to others on Facebook.	4. 我会在社交媒体拿自己和别人比较
	11. I try to impress others with the photos I post of myself on my Facebook profile.	11. 我会在社交媒体上发布自己的照片或视频，试图给别人留下深刻印象
	16. I only show the aspects of myself on Facebook that I know people would like.	16. 我在社交媒体上只展示让人们喜欢的一面

条目	t值	r值
1	17.585^a	0.603^a
2	23.841^a	0.670^a
3	22.833^a	0.665^a
4	11.055^a	0.393^a
5	11.258^a	0.437^a
6	8.830^a	0.372^a
7	13.301^a	0.510^a
8	12.425^a	0.480^a
9	18.478^a	0.590^a
10	22.017^a	0.647^a
11	22.029^a	0.649^a
12	13.183^a	0.478^a
13	5.744^a	0.304^a
14	18.018^a	0.569^a
16	14.780^a	0.485^a
17	11.348^a	0.418^a

条目	t值	r值
1	17.585^a	0.603^a
2	23.841^a	0.670^a
3	22.833^a	0.665^a
4	11.055^a	0.393^a
5	11.258^a	0.437^a
6	8.830^a	0.372^a
7	13.301^a	0.510^a
8	12.425^a	0.480^a
9	18.478^a	0.590^a
10	22.017^a	0.647^a
11	22.029^a	0.649^a
12	13.183^a	0.478^a
13	5.744^a	0.304^a
14	18.018^a	0.569^a
16	14.780^a	0.485^a
17	11.348^a	0.418^a

条目	因子1 （真实自我）	因子2 （虚假自我- 探索）	因子3 （理想自我）	因子4 （虚假自我- 欺骗）	因子5 （虚假自我- 印象）
8	0.795
7	0.744
6	0.734
5	0.681
2		0.828
3		0.808
1		0.756
10			0.718
14			0.698
13				0.672
12				0.661
17					0.833
16					0.752