职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 208-215.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2020—2022年晋东南某地区大气污染物对居民死亡的影响

平飞飞1, 魏雪莹2, 王彩云2(), 牛敏瑶3   

  1. 1.长治市疾病预防控制中心,山西 长治 046000
    2.长治医学院,山西 长治 046000
    3.天津商业大学,天津 300134
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-23 修回日期:2025-04-09 出版日期:2026-01-15 发布日期:2026-02-06
  • 通信作者: 王彩云,E-mail:wangcy5683@czmc.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:平飞飞,男,主管医师,主要从事公共卫生与预防医学研究工作。
  • 基金资助:
    山西省科学技术厅基础研究计划项目(202203021222313)

Effects of air pollutants on resident death in a region of southeast Shanxi Province from 2020 to 2022

PING Feifei1, WEI Xueying2, WANG Caiyun2(), NIU Minyao3   

  1. 1. Changzhi Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Changzhi,Shanxi 046000,China
    2. Changzhi Medical College,Changzhi,Shanxi 046000,China
    3. Tianjin University of Commerce,Tianjin 300134,China
  • Received:2025-03-23 Revised:2025-04-09 Online:2026-01-15 Published:2026-02-06

摘要:

目的 利用2020—2022年晋东南某地区大气污染资料以及居民死亡资料,分析该地区可吸入颗粒物(inhalable particles,PM10)、细颗粒物(fine particles,PM2.5)和臭氧(O3)对居民死亡的影响,旨在为大气污染的流行病学研究提供科学支撑,并为制定相应的预防控制策略提供科学依据。 方法 采用描述流行病学方法,相关性分析探究大气污染物对不同亚组人群健康的影响,采用广义加性模型探讨大气污染物对居民死亡影响的暴露-反应关系。 结果 PM2.5、PM10与男性居民非意外死亡及心血管疾病死亡风险均呈明显正相关(r=0.442、0.491,均P<0.05;r=0.462、0.473,均P<0.05),与女性居民呼吸系统疾病死亡风险呈正相关(r=0.421、0.341,均P<0.05)。在≥65岁老年群体中,这2种污染物与心血管死亡风险、非意外死亡及呼吸系统疾病死亡风险均存在正相关关系,其中与呼吸系统疾病死亡风险相关性最强(r=0.443、0.462,均P<0.05)。广义加性模型结果显示,PM2.5、O3日均浓度每升高10 μg/m3,分别导致该地区居民非意外死亡风险增加1.782%(95%CI:0.411%~3.173%)和1.482%(95%CI:0.182%~2.791%);心血管系统死亡风险增加2.652%(95%CI:0.822%~4.513%)和2.033%(95%CI:0.312%~3.783%)。 结论 2020—2022年晋东南某地区大气污染水平有所改善,PM2.5和O3浓度升高增加居民非意外死亡及心血管系统疾病死亡的风险,且O3对居民健康的影响存在滞后效应。

关键词: 大气污染, 广义加性模型, 非意外死亡, 呼吸系统疾病死亡, 心血管系统疾病死亡

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the impact of inhalable particles(PM10),fine particles(PM2.5) and ozone(O3) on resident mortality in a region of southeast Shanxi Province from 2020 to 2022 though the information of air pollution and resident mortality,providing scientific basis for epidemiological research on air pollutants in the area as well as the formulation of the corresponding prevention and control strategies. Methods Explore the effects of air pollutants on the health of different subgroups of population by descriptive epidemiological methods and correlation analysis,and the exposure response relationship of the impact of air pollutants on total population mortality was analyzed using a generalized additive model. Results PM2.5 and PM10 were significantly positively correlated with non-accidental mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality in male(r=0.442,0.491,both P<0.05;r=0.462,0.473,both P<0.05),and significantly positively correlated with respiratory disease mortality in female(r=0.421,0.341,both P<0.05). PM2.5 and PM10 were significantly positively correlated with cardiovascular disease mortality,non-accidental mortality and respiratory disease mortality in the elderly population aged 65 and above,and the strongest correlation was with the respiratory disease mortality(r=0.443,0.462,both P<0.05). The results of generalized additive model revealed that daily average concentrations of atmospheric pollutants PM2.5 and O3 increased by 10 μg/m3 caused the 1.782%(95%CI:0.411%-3.173%),1.482%(95%CI:0.182%-2.791%) increase in the risk of non-accidental death,and the 2.652%(95%CI:0.822%-4.513%) and 2.033%(95%CI:0.312%-3.783%) increase in the risk of cardiovascular system death. Conclusion From 2020 to 2022,the air pollution level in a region of southeast Shanxi Province has improved.The increase in PM2.5 and O3 concentrations increased the risk of non-accidental mortality death and cardiovascular disease death among residents,and O3 had a lagged effect on residents' health.

Key words: Air pollution, Generalized additive model, Non-accidental mortality, Death from respiratory system diseases, Death from cardiovascular diseases

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