职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (21): 2891-2896.

• 论著—职业卫生与职业相关疾病 • 上一篇    下一篇

2005—2023年郴州市职业病病例分布特征分析

张杰, 钟茜园, 张红梅, 罗欢, 邓飞英()   

  1. 郴州市疾病预防控制中心湖南 郴州 423000
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-01 修回日期:2025-12-30 出版日期:2026-11-01 发布日期:2026-09-04
  • 通信作者: 邓飞英,E-mail:51722187@qq.com
  • 作者简介:张杰,男,主管医师,主要从事职业卫生工作。

Analysis of distribution characteristics of occupational disease cases in Chenzhou City from 2005 to 2023

ZHANG Jie, ZHONG Xiyuan, ZHANG Hongmei, LUO Huan, DENG Feiying()   

  1. Chenzhou Center for Disease Control and PreventionChenzhouHunan 423000, China
  • Received:2025-07-01 Revised:2025-12-30 Online:2026-11-01 Published:2026-09-04
  • Contact: DENG Feiying,E-mail:51722187@qq.com

摘要:

目的 对2005—2023年郴州市职业病病例分布特征进行分析,为职业病防治工作提供参考依据。方法 收集2005—2023年郴州市职业病病例资料,对其发病年龄、工龄、职业病类别、地区、行业及企业规模等进行描述分析。结果 2005—2023年郴州市共报告职业病8类、26种,共3 505例,发病呈先上升后下降趋势,病例数居前3位的职业病类型为尘肺病(3 087例,占88.07%)、职业性化学中毒(354例,占10.10%)和职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病(45例,占1.28%),病种以煤工尘肺、矽肺、砷及其化合物中毒、铅及其化合物中毒以及噪声聋为主,共3 329例(95.00%);性别以男性为主,为3 463例(98.80%);发病年龄以41~<61岁居多,为2 871例(81.91%);发病工龄偏长,平均工龄为(16.41±8.57)年;地区分布主要在永兴县(1 003例,占28.62%)、嘉禾县(767例,占21.88%)和宜章县(660例,占18.83%),共2 430例(69.33%)。各县市区职业病构成比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),除桂阳县以化学性职业中毒为主外,其他县市区均以尘肺病为主;职业病报告集中在中小型企业(2 767例,占88.05%),以私营和国有企业(2 546例,占72.64%)居多,行业以煤炭和有色金属采选业(3 067例,占87.50%)为主,关键工种为采煤、掘进工。结论 郴州市需加强对煤炭和有色金属采选业等重点行业、中小型国有和私营企业的职业病防治工作。

关键词: 职业病, 职业病报告, 尘肺病, 职业性化学中毒

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics of occupational disease cases in Chenzhou City from 2005 to 2023 and provide a reference for occupational disease prevention and control. Methods Data on occupational disease cases in Chenzhou City from 2005 to 2023 were collected,and descriptive analysis were conducted on age at onset,length of employment,disease categories,regional distribution,industry sectors,and enterprise size. Results From 2005 to 2023,a total of 3 505 cases of occupational diseases were reported in Chenzhou City,covering 8 categories and 26 specific types,with an increasing trend followed by a decreasing trend. The top three types of occupational diseases were pneumoconiosis(3 087 cases,88.07%),occupational chemical poisoning(354 cases,10.10%),and occupational ear,nose,and throat(ENT) and oral diseases(45 cases,1.28%). The most common specific diseases were coal workers' pneumoconiosis,silicosis,arsenic and its compound poisoning,lead and its compound poisoning,and noise-induced deafness,totaling 3 329 cases(95.00%). Males accounted for the majority of cases(3 463,98.80%). Most patients were aged 41-<61 years(2 871 cases,81.91%),with a long average duration of occupational exposure[(16.41±8.57)years]. Geographically,cases were concentrated in Yongxing County(1 003 cases,28.62%),Jiahe County(767 cases,21.88%),and Yizhang County(660 cases,18.83%),totaling 2 430 cases(69.33%). There was a statistically significant difference in the composition of occupational diseases among counties,cities,and districts(P<0.05). While pneumoconiosis was the predominant type in most regions,Guiyang County had a higher proportion of occupational chemical poisoning. Occupational disease cases were primarily reported in small and medium-sized enterprises(2 767 cases,88.05%),with private and state-owned enterprises being the majority(2 546 cases,72.64%). The most affected industries were coal mining and nonferrous metal mining and processing(3 067 cases,87.50%),with key occupations being coal miners and tunneling workers. Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of occupational diseases in key industries such as coal and non-ferrous metal mining,as well as small and medium-sized state-owned and private enterprises.

Key words: Occupational diseases, Occupational disease reporting, Pneumoconiosis, Occupational chemical poisoning

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