职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (21): 2963-2967.

• 论著—学校卫生 • 上一篇    下一篇

早期逆境和自尊对青少年抑郁和焦虑的相关性分析

赵艳1, 辛宝1,2(), 马璐3(), 兰娇1, 宋沁泽1, 赵少雄1   

  1. 1 陕西中医药大学陕西 咸阳 712046
    2 陕西中医药大学第二附属医院陕西 西安 712000
    3 西安交通大学陕西 西安 712000
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-08 修回日期:2026-01-20 出版日期:2026-11-01 发布日期:2026-09-04
  • 通信作者: 辛宝, E-mail:89561185@qq.com;马璐,E-mail:maluhappy14@163.com
  • 作者简介:赵艳,女,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为儿童青少年营养与健康。
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省科学技术协会青年人才托举计划项目(2023-2024);国家自然科学基金青年基金(82103868);陕西省社会科学基金项目(2023P002);陕西省博士后特别资助项目(2023BSHTBZZ03)

Correlation analysis of early adversity and self-esteem on adolescent depression and anxiety

ZHAO Yan1, XIN Bao1,2(), MA Lu3(), LAN Jiao1, SONG Qinze1, ZHAO Shaoxiong1   

  1. 1 Shaanxi University of Chinese MedicineXianyangShaanxi 712046, China
    2 The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese MedicineXi'anShaanxi 712000, China
    3 Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi 712000, China

摘要:

目的 了解早期逆境和自尊对青少年抑郁和焦虑的相关性,为改善青少年心理状况提供依据。方法 2023年3—4月,采用整群抽样法对西安市3所中学的学生进行问卷调查。问卷包括自编一般情况问卷、儿童期创伤问卷、儿童健康问卷-9、广泛焦虑筛查量表-7和罗伯特自尊量表,比较各量表评分,并分别分析上述指标与抑郁和焦虑的相关性。结果 调查对象抑郁得分为(4.88±4.71)分,焦虑得分为(3.42±4.06)分,其中男、女生抑郁得分分别为(4.19±4.34)和(5.61±4.97)分,焦虑得分分别为(2.99±3.79)和(3.88±4.29)分;早期逆境与抑郁(β=0.207,95%CI:0.179~0.237,P<0.05)、焦虑(β=0.157,95%CI:0.131~0.182,P<0.05)均呈正相关,自尊与抑郁(β=-0.478,95%CI:-0.532~-0.423,P<0.05)、焦虑(β=-0.354,95%CI:-0.404~ -0.306,P<0.05)均呈负相关。结论 早期逆境是青少年抑郁和焦虑的危险因素,自尊是抑郁和焦虑的保护因素,并且对于女生的影响更明显,建议采取相关措施来提高青少年的心理健康水平。

关键词: 青少年, 早期逆境, 焦虑, 抑郁, 心理创伤, 影响因素

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the correlation between early adversity and self-esteem on depression and anxiety in adolescents, so as to provide basis for improving the psychological status of adolescents. Methods From March to April 2023,a questionnaire survey was conducted among students from 3 middle schools in Xi'an by cluster sampling. The questionnaire included self-designed general condition questionnaire,childhood injury questionnaire,child health questionnaire-9,extensive anxiety screening scale-7 and Robert self-esteem scale. The scores of each scale were compared,and the correlation between the above indicators and depression and anxiety was analyzed. Results The total depression score of the survey subjects was (4.88±4.71)points,and the score of anxiety was (3.42±4.06)points. The depression score of male and female subjects was (4.19±4.34) and (5.61±4.97)points,respectively,and the anxiety score was (2.99±3.79) and (3.88±4.29)points,respectively. The early adversity was positively correlated with depression(β=0.207,95%CI:0.179-0.237,P<0.05) and anxiety(β=0.157,95%CI:0.131-0.182,P<0.05). Self-esteem was negatively correlated with depression(β=-0.478, 95%CI:-0.532--0.423,P<0.05) and anxiety(β=-0.354,95%CI:-0.404--0.306,P<0.05). Conclusion Early adversity is the risk factor for depression and anxiety in adolescents. Meanwhile,self-esteem is the protective factor of depression and anxiety,and the impact on girls is more obvious. It is recommended to take relevant measures to improve the mental health level of adolescents.

Key words: Adolescent, Early adversity, Anxiety, Depression, Psychological trauma, Influencing factors

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