职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (21): 2985-2990.

• 论著—文献分析 • 上一篇    下一篇

正念减压疗法对临床护士职业倦怠干预效果的Meta分析

许肖肖1, 张文洁1, 张磊2, 曾强1(), 胡瑞霞3()   

  1. 1 天津市疾病预防控制中心(天津市预防医学研究院)天津 300011
    2 天津市疾病预防控制局天津 300070
    3 天津医科大学天津 300000
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-27 修回日期:2026-04-07 出版日期:2026-11-01 发布日期:2026-09-04
  • 通信作者: 曾强,E-mail:tjcdczys@163.com;胡瑞霞,E-mail:huruixia@tmu.edu.can
  • 作者简介:许肖肖,女,助理编辑,主要从事学术期刊编辑工作。
  • 基金资助:
    天津市医学重点学科(TJYXZDXK-3-020B)

Meta-analysis of the intervention effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy on occupational burnout among clinical nurses

XU Xiaoxiao1, ZHANG Wenjie1, ZHANG Lei2, ZENG Qiang1(), HU Ruixia3()   

  1. 1 Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(Tianjin Institute of Preventive Medicine)Tianjin 300011, China
    2 Tianjin Disease Control and Prevention AdmininstritionTianjin 300070, China
    3 Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300000, China

摘要:

目的 采用Meta分析探讨正念减压疗法对临床护士职业倦怠的干预效果,为减轻临床护士职业倦怠提供参考依据。方法 计算机系统检索PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane、中国知网、万方数据和维普等数据库,搜集关于正念减压疗法对护士职业倦怠影响的随机对照试验,检索时限从建库至2025年10月。由2名研究者独立进行文献筛选、资料提取和方法学质量评价。采用RevMan 5.4软件进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入12篇文献,涉及928名护士。Meta分析结果显示,干预组与对照组护士情感衰竭标准化均数差(standardized mean difference,SMD)=-1.94(95%CI:-2.66~-1.22,P<0.01)、去人格化SMD=-1.62(95%CI:-2.16~-1.08,P<0.01)及个人成就感低落SMD=-1.18(95%CI:-2.16~-0.20,P<0.01)间差异均有统计学意义。亚组分析结果显示,干预时长为6和8周能显著降低护士情绪耗竭水平,干预8周效果最明显;干预时长为6~12周均能显著降低护士去人格化水平,干预8周效果最明显;2种干预方式均能降低护士情绪耗竭和去人格化水平,但2组间差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。干预时长为6和12周均能降低护士个人成就感水平(均P<0.01);干预方式作用效果不明显(P>0.05)。结论 正念减压疗法能有效缓解临床护士的职业倦怠。建议医疗机构将其作为一种心理支持项目在护士群体中推广应用。

关键词: 正念减压疗法, 护士, 职业倦怠, 情绪耗竭, 去人格化, 个人成就感

Abstract:

Objective To conduct a meta-analysis to investigate the interventional effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction(MBSR) on occupational burnout among clinical nurses,and to provide a reference for alleviating burnout in this population. Methods We systematically searched PubMed,Web of Science,the Cochrane Library,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),WanFang Data,and VIP from their inception to October 2025 for randomized controlled trials(RCTs) examining the effects of MBSR on burnout among nurses. Two researchers independently performed literature screening,data extraction,and methodological quality assessment. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4 software. Results A total of 12 articles involving 928 nurses were included. The Meta-analysis results showed statistically significant differences between the intervention group and the control group in emotional exhaustion(SMD=-1.94,95%CI:-2.66--1.22,P<0.01),depersonalization(SMD=-1.62,95%CI:-2.16--1.08,P<0.01),and reduced personal accomplishment(SMD=-1.18,95%CI:-2.16--0.20,P<0.01). Subgroup analysis indicated that intervention durations of 6 and 8 weeks significantly reduced nurses' emotional exhaustion levels,with the most pronounced effect at 8 weeks. Intervention durations ranging from 6 to 12 weeks significantly reduced depersonalization,with the most pronounced effect at 8 weeks. Both intervention modalities studied reduced emotional exhaustion and depersonalization,but the differences between the two modality groups were not statistically significant(all P>0.05). Intervention durations of 6 and 12 weeks reduced the levels of reduced personal accomplishment(both P<0.01),but the effect of the intervention modality was not significant(P>0.05). Conclusion MBSR can effectively alleviate occupational burnout among clinical nurses. It is recommended that healthcare institutions promote its application as a psychological support program for nurses.

Key words: Mindfulness-based stress reduction, Nurses, Job burnout, Emotional exhaustion, Depersonalization, Personal accomplishment

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