职业性肌肉骨骼疾患与先进制造业的职业健康风险与工效学干预策略研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

职业性肌肉骨骼疾患（work-related musculoskeletal disorders，WMSDs）是制造业中普遍存在且疾病负担沉重的职业健康问题。随着全球制造业向以自动化、智能化和数字化为特征的先进制造业转型，WMSDs的职业健康风险并未因技术升级而消除，而是演变为由静态负荷、高重复性精密操作、新型人机交互以及认知心理压力等多重因素交织构成的复杂风险体系。本文系统阐述WMSDs的定义、发展历程、危害特征、流行病学特点、风险因素及工效学干预策略，并结合汽车制造、电子通信、半导体等先进制造业的产业特点，指出其工人WMSDs高患病率、多部位受累（以颈、肩、腰、背为主）的流行病学特征。从物理性、组织性及社会心理性多维度剖析其风险因素，进一步总结以工程控制、工作组织优化和职业健康培训为核心的多层次工效学干预措施的有效性，并分析了当前研究在地域覆盖、行业特异性和多因素交互作用机制方面的局限。通过分析其面临的新型职业健康挑战，旨在为我国该领域的职业健康管理、政策制定及工程控制提供科学依据。

关键词: 职业性肌肉骨骼疾患, 先进制造业, 职业健康, 风险因素, 工效学, 干预策略

Abstract:

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders（WMSDs） represent a prevalent occupational health issue with a substantial disease burden in the manufacturing sector. As the global transformation of manufacturing towards advanced manufacturing characterized by automation，intelligence，and digitalization，the occupational health risks of WMSDs have not been eliminated by technological upgrades. Instead，they have evolved into a complex risk system intertwined with multiple factors，including static load，highly repetitive precision operations，new forms of human-machine interaction，and cognitive-psychological stress. This paper systematically elaborated on the definition，historical development，hazard characteristics，epidemiological features，risk factors，and ergonomic intervention strategies for WMSDs. Integrating the industrial characteristics of advanced manufacturing sectors such as automotive，electronics/telecommunications，and semiconductor manufacturing，it highlights the epidemiological features of high prevalence rates and multi-site involvement（primarily neck，shoulder，waist，and back） among workers. The risk factors are analyzed from the multidimensional perspectives of physical，organizational，and psychosocial aspects. Furthermore，the effectiveness of multi-level ergonomic interventions，focusing on engineering controls，work organization optimization，and occupational health training，is summarized. Limitations of current research regarding geographical coverage，industry specificity，and the mechanisms of multifactorial interactions are analyzed. By examining the emerging occupational health challenges，this review aims to provide a scientific basis for occupational health management，policy formulation，and engineering controls in this field in China.

Key words: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders, Advanced manufacturing, Occupational health, Risk factors, Ergonomics, Intervention strategies

中图分类号:

R181.3+
1

王芸芸, 卢静梅, 罗娜, 卢丽, 甘琼萍, 黄菊. 职业性肌肉骨骼疾患与先进制造业的职业健康风险与工效学干预策略研究进展. [J]职业与健康, 2026, 42(21): 3009-3013.

WANG Yunyun, LU Jingmei, LUO Na, LU Li, GAN Qiongping, HUANG Ju. Research progress on work-related musculoskeletal disorders and occupational health risks and ergonomic intervention strategies in advanced manufacturing. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2026, 42(21): 3009-3013.

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