职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (22): 3069-3074.

• 论著—职业卫生与职业相关疾病 • 上一篇    下一篇

巴彦淖尔市重点行业职业病危害因素检测结果分析

杨玉红1, 金凤1(), 黄雅坤1, 吕佳馨2, 赵普1, 云中龙1   

  1. 1 巴彦淖尔市疾病预防控制中心内蒙古 巴彦淖尔 015000
    2 内蒙古医科大学公共卫生学院内蒙古 呼和浩特 010000
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-02 修回日期:2026-01-14 出版日期:2026-11-15 发布日期:2026-09-20
  • 通信作者: 金凤,E-mail:jinfeng19840129@163.com
  • 作者简介:杨玉红,女,主任医师,主要从事劳动卫生工作。

Analysis on results of occupational hazard factors detection in key industries of Bayannur City

YANG Yuhong1, JIN Feng1(), HUANG Yakun1, LYU Jiaxin2, ZHAO Pu1, YUN Zhonglong1   

  1. 1 Bayannur Center for Disease Control and PreventionBayannurInner Mongolia 015000, China
    2 School of Public HealthInner Mongolia Medical University,HohhotInner Mongolia 010000, China
  • Received:2025-04-02 Revised:2026-01-14 Online:2026-11-15 Published:2026-09-20
  • Contact: JIN Feng,E-mail:jinfeng19840129@163.com

摘要:

目的 了解2024年巴彦淖尔市重点职业病危害因素作业的用人单位工作场所职业病危害因素现状,为制定职业病防治策略提供技术支撑。方法 收集2024年巴彦淖尔市重点职业病危害因素作业的用人单位工作场所的噪声、粉尘和化学毒物的检测结果,对监测用人单位超标率和监测岗位超标率进行统计分析。结果 2024年对巴彦淖尔市140家企业工作场所职业病危害因素进行监测,不同职业病危害因素监测中任1因素监测超标用人单位超标率和监测岗位超标率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。噪声类共监测用人单位105家,存在超标的用人单位50家,超标率为47.62%;共监测岗位1 838个,监测岗位超标数291个,监测岗位超标率为15.83%。粉尘类共监测用人单位106家,存在超标的用人单位38家,超标率为35.85%;共监测岗位1 185个,监测岗位超标数107个,监测岗位超标率为 9.03%。化学因素类共监测用人单位78家,存在超标的用人单位4家,超标率为5.13%;共监测岗位1 421个,监测岗位超标数11个,监测岗位超标率为0.77%。任1因素监测在不同地区和不同行业监测用人单位超标率和监测岗位超标率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),乌拉特中旗任1因素监测用人单位超标率和监测岗位超标率均最高;电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业任1因素监测用人单位超标率最高;采矿业任1因素监测岗位超标率最高,不同规模任1因素用人单位超标率和监测岗位超标率差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。噪声监测、粉尘类监测和化学毒物监测在不同行业和不同规模用人单位超标率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);在不同地区用人单位超标率差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。噪声监测和粉尘类监测中采矿业和大型企业用人单位超标率最高;化学毒物监测的电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业和大型企业用人单位超标率最高;噪声监测、粉尘类监测和化学毒物监测在不同地区、不同行业和不同规模用人单位岗位超标率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),临河区、电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业和大型企业用人单位岗位超标率均最高。结论 巴彦淖尔市用人单位的职业病防治基础较为薄弱,职业病危害关键控制点是噪声、粉尘和化学毒物岗位。需进一步加强重点行业噪声、粉尘及有毒物质等危害因素超标企业的监管力度。 相关用人单位应加强对职业病危害因素的控制和治理工作,将职业卫生工作贯彻落实到实处。

关键词: 重点行业, 企业规模, 职业病危害因素, 粉尘, 噪声, 化学毒物

Abstract:

Objective To understand the current situation of occupational hazards in workplaces of employers engaged in key occupational hazard factor operations in Bayannur City in 2024,in order to provide technical support for formulating occupational disease prevention and control strategies. Methods The detection results of noise,dust and chemical toxins in the workplaces of employers of key occupational hazard operations in Bayannur City in 2024 were collected,and the statistical analysis was performed on the exceeding rate of employers and monitoring posts. Results In 2024,a total of 140 enterprises' workplaces were monitored for occupational hazards in Bayannur City. There were statistically significant differences in the rate of exceeding the standard of employers and monitoring posts in any one factor in the monitoring of different occupational hazards(all P<0.05). A total of 105 employers were monitored for noise,and 50 employers exceeded the standard,with an exceedance rate of 47.62%. A total of 1 838 monitoring posts were monitored,with 291 monitoring posts exceeding the standard,and the exceeding rate of monitoring posts was 15.83%. A total of 106 employers were monitored for dust,and 38 employers exceeded the standard,with an exceedance rate of 35.85%. A total of 1 185 monitoring posts were monitored,with 107 monitoring positions exceeding the standard,with an exceedance rate of 9.03%. A total of 78 employers were monitored for chemical factors,and 4 employers exceeded the standard,with an exceedance rate of 5.13%.A total of 1 421 posts were monitored,and 11 posts exceeded the standard,with an exceedance rate of 0.77%. The differences in the detection rate of employers and posts that exceeded the standard in any factor in different regions and industries were statistically significant differences(all P<0.05). The highest detection rate of employers and posts that exceeded the standard in any factor was in Wulatehong Banner,the highest detection rate of employers that exceeded the standard in any factor was in the electricity,heat,gas and water production and supply industry,and the highest rate of posts that exceeded the standard in any factor was in mining. There were no statistically significant differences in the detection rate of employers and posts that exceeded the standard in any factor in enterprises of different scales(all P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the exceedance rates of noise monitoring,dust monitoring,and chemical toxin monitoring among employers of different industries and scales(all P<0.05),and there was no statistically significant difference in the exceedance rates of employers in different regions(all P>0.05). The highest detection rate of employers that exceeded the standard in noise monitoring and dust monitoring was in mining and large enterprises. The highest detection rate employers that exceeded the standard in chemical monitoring was in the electricity,heat,gas and water production and supply industry and large enterprises. There were statistically significant differences in the over standard rates of noise monitoring,dust monitoring,and chemical toxin monitoring among different regions,industries,and scales of employers(all P<0.05),and the highest detection rate of posts that exceeded the standard was in Linhe District,electricity,heat,gas and water production and supply industry and large enterprises. Conclusion The foundation of occupational prevention and control in Bayannur City is relatively weak,and the key control points of occupational hazards are noise,dust and chemical toxic posts. The supervision of enterprises with excessive hazardous factors such as noise,dust and toxic substances in key industries should be further strengthened,relevant employers should strengthen the control and management of occupational hazards,and implement occupational health work in practice.

Key words: Key industries, Enterprise scale, Occupational hazard factors, Dust, Noise, Chemical poison

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