职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 538-542.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2013—2022年宁夏回族自治区不同水体中总放射性水平分析与风险评价

安晶晶, 秦迎旭(), 杨欢春, 陈涛, 刘元   

  1. 宁夏回族自治区疾病预防控制中心,宁夏 银川 750000
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-12 修回日期:2025-09-15 出版日期:2026-02-15 发布日期:2026-02-13
  • 通信作者: 秦迎旭,E-mail:qyx98417@163.com
  • 作者简介:安晶晶,女,主管检验技师,主要从事环境卫生与职业卫生检测工作。
  • 基金资助:
    宁夏自然科学基金(2024AAC03733)

Analysis and risk assessment of total radioactivity levels in different water in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from 2013 to 2022

AN Jingjing, QIN Yingxu(), YANG Huanchun, CHEN Tao, LIU Yuan   

  1. Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750000,China
  • Received:2025-04-12 Revised:2025-09-15 Online:2026-02-15 Published:2026-02-13
  • Contact: QIN Yingxu,E-mail:qyx98417@163.com

摘要:

目的 了解2013—2022年宁夏回族自治区不同水体中总α、总β放射性水平,并评估其所致健康风险。方法 2013—2022年分别收集宁夏回族自治区219份饮用水和104份地表水样,采用BH1216Ⅲ型低本底α、β测量仪测定水样中总α、总β放射性水平。结果 2013—2022年宁夏回族自治区出厂水、末梢水、自来水的总α、总β放射性中位数分别为0.055和0.081、0.063 和0.074 、0.079 和0.098 Bq/L,湖水和黄河水的总α、总β放射性中位数分别为0.116 和0.208、0.095 和0.114 Bq/L。宁夏回族自治区5个城市饮用水中总α放射性范围:<0.016~0.447 Bq/L,中位数为0.058 Bq/L,5个城市总α放射性水平:中卫市>吴忠市>石嘴山市>银川市>固原市,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。饮用水中总β放射性范围:<0.028~0.414 Bq/L,中位数为0.074 Bq/L,5个城市总β放射性水平:中卫市>吴忠市>银川市>石嘴山市>固原市。2013—2022年宁夏回族自治区不同地区饮用水中总致癌风险范围在1.27×10-7/a~2.45×10-6/a,<1岁组总致癌风险最高,但低于国际辐射防护委员会推荐最大风险值5.0×10-5/a。结论 2013—2022年宁夏回族自治区出厂水、末梢水、自来水、湖水和黄河水总α、总β放射性均处于正常本底值,所致健康风险在可接受范围。

关键词: 总α放射性, 总β放射性, 饮用水, 风险评价

Abstract:

Objective To assess the gross α and gross β radioactivity levels in various water samples in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from 2013 to 2022,and evaluate the associated health risks. Methods From 2013 to 2022,a total of 219 drinking water samples and 104 surface water samples were collected in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. The gross α and gross β radioactivity levels were measured using a BH1216Ⅲ low-background α/β measuring instrument. Results From 2013 to 2022,the median gross α and gross β radioactivity levels of water treatment plants,peripheral water,and tap water in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region were 0.055 and 0.081,0.063 and 0.074,0.079 and 0.098 Bq/L,respectively. The median gross α and gross β radioactivity levels of lake water and Yellow River water were 0.116 and 0.208,0.095 and 0.114 Bq/L,respectively. In the five cities of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,the gross α radioactivity in drinking water ranged from <0.016 to 0.447 Bq/L,the median was 0.058 Bq/L,and the radioactivity levels of five cities were as follows:Zhongwei City>Wuzhong City>Shizuishan City>Yinchuan City>Guyuan City,with significant regional difference(P<0.05). The gross β radioactivity ranged from <0.028 to 0.414 Bq/L,the median was 0.074 Bq/L,and the radioactivity levels of five cities were as follows:Zhongwei City>Wuzhong City>Yinchuan City>Shizuishan City>Guyuan City. The total carcinogenic risk of drinking water in various regions of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from 2013 to 2022 ranged from 1.27×10-7/a to 2.45×10-6/a. The <1-year-old age group exhibited the highest total carcinogenic risk among all populations,though it remained below the maximum acceptable risk level of 5.0×10-5/a recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection(ICRP). Conclusion From 2013 to 2022,the gross α and gross β radioactivity levels in water treatment plants,peripheral water,tap water,lake water,and Yellow River water in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region are within normal background ranges,and the associated health risks are within acceptable limits.

Key words: Gross α radioactivity, Gross β radioactivity, Drinking water, Risk assessment

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