职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 577-581.

• 论著 •    下一篇

2020—2024年南京市工作场所职业病危害因素监测结果分析

丰雷, 吴文, 王宁   

  1. 南京市疾病预防控制中心,江苏 南京210003
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-29 修回日期:2025-07-21 出版日期:2026-03-01 发布日期:2026-03-10
  • 作者简介:丰雷,男,副主任医师,主要从事职业卫生检测与评价工作。

Analysis of monitoring results of occupational hazards in workplaces in Nanjing City from 2020 to 2024

FENG Lei, WU Wen, WANG Ning   

  1. Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210003,China
  • Received:2025-06-29 Revised:2025-07-21 Online:2026-03-01 Published:2026-03-10

摘要:

目的 掌握南京市职业病危害因素分布情况,为后续职业病防治工作的调整和制定奠定理论基础。方法 依据2020—2024年南京市工作场所职业病危害因素监测项目,从“工作场所职业病危害因素监测系统”中导出相关原始数据,并对其进行分析。结果 1 404家监测企业超标率为33.83%,职业病危害因素岗位超标率为12.27%,不同年份粉尘和噪声企业超标率和岗位超标率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。化学因素和噪声接触率均呈逐年上升趋势(均P<0.01);防噪用品的发放率呈逐年上升趋势(P<0.01),而佩戴率呈逐年下降趋势(P<0.01)。职业健康检查覆盖率为84.90%,粉尘、化学毒物和噪声的异常率均呈逐年上升趋势(均P<0.01),噪声复查率呈逐年下降趋势(P<0.01)。矽尘、锰及其无机化合物不同年份均有超标,其超标率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论 南京市重点行业工作场所职业病危害因素超标情况不容忽视,噪声和矽尘超标情况仍较为严重,需进一步优化监管,强化噪声治理,落实职业卫生职责,提高防护意识等。

关键词: 工作场所, 职业病危害, 粉尘, 噪声, 化学毒物, 监测

Abstract:

Objective To grasp the distribution of occupational hazard factors in Nanjing City,and to lay a theoretical foundation for the subsequent adjustment and formulation of occupational disease prevention and control. Methods Based on the occupational hazard factor monitoring project in Nanjing City from 2020 to 2024,relevant data was extracted from the Workplace Occupational Hazard Factor Monitoring System and analyzed. Results The over-standard rate of 1 404 enterprises was 33.83%,the over-standard rate of occupational hazard factor posts was 12.27%,and there were statistically significant differences in the over-standard rate of dust and noise in different years and posts(all P<0.01). The exposure rate of chemical factors and noise showed an increasing trend year by year(both P<0.01). The distribution rate of noise-absorbing articles showed an increasing trend,while the wearing rate showed a decreasing trend(both P<0.01). The coverage rate of occupational health examination was 84.90%,and the abnormal rate of dust,chemical toxins,and noise showed an increasing trend,while the re-examination rate of noise showed a decreasing trend(all P<0.01). Silicon dust,manganese,and their inorganic compounds all exceeded the standard in different years, and the differences in the over-standard rate were statistically significant(all P<0.05). Conclusion The situation of occupational hazards exceeding the standard in key industries' workplaces in Nanjing City cannot be ignored,the situation of noise and silica dust exceeding the standard is still relatively serious,and it is necessary to further optimize supervision,strengthen noise control,implement occupational health responsibilities,and improve protection awareness.

Key words: Workplace, Occupational hazard factors, Dust, Noise, Chemical toxins, Monitoring

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