职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 670-673.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

陕西省公共场所室内空气化学污染物污染状况及健康风险评估

贾茹, 周体操, 郑晶利, 刘志朝, 孙茜, 刘思岑   

  1. 陕西省疾病预防控制中心,陕西 西安 710054
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-27 修回日期:2025-07-11 出版日期:2026-03-01 发布日期:2026-03-10
  • 作者简介:贾茹,女,副主任医师,主要从事环境卫生工作。
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省公共卫生检测监测服务平台(2016FWPT-12)

Pollution status and health risk assessment of indoor air chemical pollutants in public places in Shaanxi Province

JIA Ru, ZHOU Ticao, ZHENG Jingli, LIU Zhichao, SUN Qian, LIU Sicen   

  1. Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710054,China
  • Received:2025-05-27 Revised:2025-07-11 Online:2026-03-01 Published:2026-03-10

摘要:

目的 了解陕西省4个地市城区公共场所室内空气中常见化学污染物的污染状况及健康风险。方法 2023年对陕西省4个地市的宾馆(酒店)、理发店、美容店3类重点公共场所室内空气中的化学污染物(甲醛、氨、苯、甲苯、二甲苯)进行采样及检测,分析室内空气污染物的暴露水平,采用美国环境保护局(United States Environmental Protection Agency,USEPA)推荐的健康风险模型,对公共场所室内空气中化学污染物对从业人员的健康风险进行评价。结果 各类公共场所室内空气中苯、甲苯、二甲苯均未出现超标,甲醛的超标率分别为3.81%、4.17%、2.13%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.383,P>0.05),理发店氨的超标率为5.56%。室内空气中甲醛对不同场所从业人员均存在致癌风险,其中中位数浓度致癌风险为10-6~10-4,最大浓度的致癌风险>10-4。各类场所苯的致癌风险相对较低,中位数浓度的风险值均<10-6,最大浓度的致癌风险>10-6;宾馆(酒店)、理发店、美容店室内空气甲醛的中位数浓度非致癌风险均>1,3类场所分别有238个(56.67%)、40个(55.56%)、25个(53.19%)监测点非致癌风险均>1。各类场所室内空气中苯、甲苯、二甲苯、氨的非致癌风险均<1。结论 陕西省公共场所室内空气甲醛对从业人员存在致癌风险和非致癌风险,苯存在一定致癌风险,需引起关注。

关键词: 公共场所, 化学污染物, 健康风险

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the pollution status of common chemical pollutants in the indoor air of public places in four cities of Shaanxi Province and analyze the health risks to the employees. Methods In 2023,samples of chemical pollutants(formaldehyde,ammonia,benzene,toluene,and xylene) in the indoor air of three types of key public places,namely hotels,barber shops,and beauty salons,in four cities of Shaanxi Province were collected and tested. The exposure levels of indoor air pollutants were analyzed. The health risk model recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA) was adopted to evaluate the health risks of chemical pollutants in the indoor air of public places to the employees. Results The indoor air contents of benzene,toluene and xylene in all kinds of public places did not exceed the standard,and the over-standard rate of formaldehyde was 3.81%,4.17% and 2.13%,respectively,with no statistically significant difference(χ2=0.383,P>0.05). The over-standard rate of ammonia in barbers was 5.56%. Formaldehyde in indoor air of different places all posed carcinogenic risks to employees,with a median concentration of 10-6 to 10-4 and a maximum concentration of >10-4. The carcinogenic risk of benzene in all kinds of places was relatively low,the risk value of the median concentration was <10-6,and the risk of the maximum concentration was >10-6. The median concentration HQ of formaldehyde in the indoor air of hotels,barbershops and beauty shops were >1. There were 238(56.67%),40(55.56%) and 25(53.19%) monitoring points HQ>1 in the 3 types of places,respectively. The HQ of benzene,toluene,xylene and ammonia in indoor air in various places were <1. Conclusion Formaldehyde in indoor air in public places has carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risk to employees,and benzene has certain carcinogenic risk,which should be paid attention to.

Key words: Public place, Chemical pollutant, Health risk

中图分类号: