职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (7): 906-911.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

唐山市甲型H3N2流感病毒血凝素基因进化突变分析

杨秋月, 孙仕萍(), 田冰超   

  1. 唐山市疾病预防控制中心河北 唐山063000
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-01 修回日期:2025-07-28 出版日期:2026-04-01 发布日期:2026-05-14
  • 通信作者: 孙仕萍,E-mail:136967433@qq.com
  • 作者简介:杨秋月,女,副主任检验技师,主要从事病原微生物监测与食品卫生检验工作。

Evolutionary mutation analysis of hemagglutinin gene of influenza A(H3N2) virus in Tangshan City

YANG Qiuyue, SUN Shiping(), TIAN Bingchao   

  1. Tangshan Center for Disease Control and PreventionTangshanHebei 063000, China
  • Received:2025-07-01 Revised:2025-07-28 Online:2026-04-01 Published:2026-05-14

摘要:

目的 分析2014—2024年河北省唐山市甲型H3N2流感病毒血凝素(hemagglutinin,HA)基因进化分支分布及功能性位点变异特征。方法 依据样本采集时间选取唐山市23株H3N2流感毒株,使用MEGA软件建立HA基因进化树,使用BioEdit软件比对氨基酸序列在抗原表位、受体结合域及潜在糖基化位点变异情况,对2024年监测的2a.3a.1(J.3)子分支毒株和同年疫苗株A/Darwin/9/2021进行同源建模,分析突变位点空间构象差异。结果 2014—2024年河北省唐山市甲型H3N2流感病毒毒株进化分布在3C.3a、3C.3b、3C.2a1、3C.2a2、3C.2a1b.1a、1a.1、2a.3b和2a.3a.1(J)共计8个分支,其中2023—2024流行年度的毒株散在分布于2a.3a.1(J.1)、2a.3a.1(J.2)和2a.3a.1(J.3)3个子分支。病毒HA蛋白抗原表位、受体结合域及潜在糖基化位点均有氨基酸突变,通过建模可以分析比较2a.3a.1(J.3)子分支毒株和同年疫苗株HA蛋白在抗原表位和受体结合域的50、53、96、140、192和223位点空间结构差异。结论 河北省唐山市甲型H3N2流感病毒持续变异,未来应关注2a.3a.1(J)分支下各子分支流行株的进化变异趋势。

关键词: 甲型H3N2流感病毒, 血凝素, 抗原性, 基因进化, 同源建模, 空间构象

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the cluster spectrum and functional-associated mutation characters of the hemagglutinin(HA) gene of influenza A(H3N2) virus in Tangshan City from 2014 to 2024. Methods A total of 23 influenza A(H3N2) virus strains in Tangshan City were selected based on the sample collection time. Phylogenetic tree of HA gene was constructed with MEGA software,BioEdit software was used for alignments of amino acid sequences to find mutations on antigenic sites,receptor binding domains,and N-potential glycosylation sites. Homologous model for 2a.3a.1(J.3) sub branch strain monitored in 2024 and the vaccine strain A/Darwin/9/2021 of the same year were constructed to analyze the conformational variation at mutation sites. Results The distribution of influenza A(H3N2) virus strains in Tangshan City of Hebei Province from 2014 to 2024 was divided into 8 branches: 3C.3a,3C.3b,3C.2a1,3C.2a2,3C.2a1b.1a,1a.1,2a.3b,2a.3a.1(J). Among them,the strains in subgroups 2a.3a.1(J.1),2a.3a.1(J.2) and 2a.3a.1(J.3) appeared from 2023 to 2024. Amino acid substitutions on the antigenic domains,receptor binding sites and potential glycosylation sites were observed. The homologous model analysis of 2a.3a.1(J.3) strain and A/Darwin/9/2021 strain of HA in the antigenic sites and receptor binding domains indicated that spatial conformation changed in amino acid 50,53,96,140,192 and 223. Conclusion The influenza A(H3N2) strain virus in Tangshan City of Hebei Province continues to mutate,and in the future,attention should be paid to the evolutionary variation trends of epidemic strains in subgroup 2a.3a.1(J).

Key words: Influenza A(H3N2) virus, Hemagglutinin, Antigenic characteristics, Genetic evolution, Homologous modeling, Spatial conformation

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