职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (8): 1013-1019.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

新疆796名放射诊疗工作人员职业健康检查结果分析

陈思豪1, 王文玉2, 鞠楠2, 刘杨2, 李雪瑶3, 张丽江3()   

  1. 1 新疆医科大学公共卫生学院新疆 乌鲁木齐 830017
    2 新疆医科大学第五附属医院新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011
    3 乌鲁木齐市疾病预防控制中心新疆 乌鲁木齐 830004
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-04 修回日期:2025-08-04 出版日期:2026-04-15 发布日期:2026-05-18
  • 通信作者: 张丽江,E-mail:ljzh_bxre@126.com
  • 作者简介:陈思豪,男,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为放射卫生

Analysis on results of occupational health examinations for 796 radiological diagnosis and treatment workers in Xinjiang

CHEN Sihao1, WANG Wenyu2, JU Nan2, LIU Yang2, LI Xueyao3, ZHANG Lijiang3()   

  1. 1 School of Public HealthXinjiang Medical University,UrumqiXinjiang 830017, China
    2 The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiang 830011, China
    3 Urumqi Center for Disease Control and PreventionUrumqiXinjiang 830004, China
  • Received:2025-07-04 Revised:2025-08-04 Online:2026-04-15 Published:2026-05-18
  • Contact: ZHANG Lijiang,E-mail:ljzh_bxre@126.com

摘要:

目的 了解新疆医务放射工作人员职业健康状况,为进一步加强放射卫生管理与职业健康监护提供参考。方法 选取2021—2023年参加职业健康检查的796名放射工作人员为对象,比较分析不同性别、年龄、工龄、接触方式和职业照射类型的放射工作人员健康状况。结果 女性放射工作人员血红蛋白、尿常规和淋巴细胞微核异常检出率均高于男性放射工作人员(7.5%>1.9%、42.5%>21.3%、2.2%>0,χ2=15.418、40.714、8.240,均P<0.05),男性放射工作人员眼晶状体、肝功能和肾功能异常检出率高于女性放射工作人员(7.3%>1.9%、28.2%>21.7%、27.0%>15.1%,χ2=11.548、4.291、15.620,均P<0.05)。隔室操作组的血小板、尿常规和肝功能异常率高于近台操作组(7.0%>3.3%、33.6%>24.6%、32.3%>16.6%, χ2=5.302、7.649、25.299,均P<0.05)。近台操作组的眼晶状体的异常率高于隔室操作组(8.5%>2.6%,χ2=14.139,P<0.05)。眼晶状体异常检出率在年龄分组中≥45岁组最高、工龄分组中≥20年组最高、职业照射种类分组中诊断放射学(2A)组最高(17.5%、19.2%和8.7%, χ2=60.616、85.166、11.308,均P<0.05)。白细胞的异常检出率在年龄分组中30~<45岁组最高、在工龄分组中10~<20年组最高(9.9%、10.2%, χ2=7.745、6.274,均P<0.05)。血红蛋白和尿常规异常检出率在职业照射种类分组中放射治疗(2D)组最高(10.6%、46.2%, χ2=18.932、40.056,均P<0.05);肝功能的异常检出率在职业照射种类分组中其他(2F)组最高(50%,χ2=20.132,P<0.05)。外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变分析的异常检出率在年龄分组中≥45岁组最高、在工龄分组中≥20年组最高、在职业照射种类分组中牙科放射学(2B)组最高(2.9%、3.3%、12.5%,χ2=6.151、6.802、12.528,均P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,相比男性,女性是影响放射工作人员血常规和白细胞分类及尿常规异常情况的危险因素(OR=1.579、2.497,95%CI:1.056~2.359、1.782~3.500);相比工龄0~<10年,工龄≥20年是影响放射工作人员眼晶状体异常情况的危险因素(OR=8.310,95%CI:1.700~40.611);相比隔室操作,近台操作是影响放射工作人员眼晶状体异常情况的危险因素(OR=10.405,95%CI:3.679~29.426)。相比放射诊断学(2A),核医学(2C)是影响放射工作人员肝功能异常情况的危险因素(OR=7.877,95%CI:3.094~20.052);放射治疗学(2D)是影响放射工作人员尿常规异常情况的危险因素(OR=1.718,95%CI:1.098~2.688);介入放射学(2E)是影响放射工作人员肝功能异常的危险因素(OR=3.306,95%CI:1.511~7.233);其他(2F)是影响放射工作人员肝功能异常情况的危险因素(OR=1.192,95%CI:1.024~3.572)。结论 接触电离辐射的方式和职业照射类型可影响新疆放射工作人员的职业健康,需加强放射卫生常规检测和个体防护。

关键词: 放射工作人员, 职业健康检查, 放射防护, 电离辐射暴露, 操作场景风险, 放射卫生管理

Abstract:

Objective To understand the occupational health status of medical radiation workers in Xinjiang,and provide references for further strengthening radiation hygiene management and occupational health monitoring. Methods A total of 796 radiation workers who participated in occupational health examinations from 2021 to 2023 were selected as the research subjects. The health statuses of radiation workers with different genders,ages,length of service,exposure methods,and types of occupational radiation were compared and analyzed. Results The detection rates of abnormal hemoglobin,routine urine test,and lymphocyte micronucleus in female radiation workers were all higher than those in male radiation workers(7.5%>1.9%,42.5%>21.3%,2.2%>0, χ2=15.418,40.714,8.240,all P<0.05). The detection rates of abnormal lens of the eyes,liver function,and kidney function in male radiation workers were higher than those in female radiation workers(7.3%>1.9%,28.2%>21.7%,27.0%>15.1%,χ2=11.548,4.291,15.620,all P<0.05). The abnormal rates of platelets,routine urine test,and liver function in the compartment operation group were higher than those in the near-table operation group(7.0%>3.3%,33.6%>24.6%,32.3%>16.6%,χ2=5.302,7.649,25.299,all P<0.05). The abnormal rate of the lens of the eyes in the near-table operation group was higher than that in the compartment operation group(8.5%>2.6%,χ2=14.139,P<0.05). The detection rate of abnormal lens of the eyes was the highest in the age group of 45 years old and above,the working years group of 20 years and above,and the diagnostic radiology(2A) group in the classification of types of occupational radiation(17.5%,19.2%,8.7%,χ2=60.616,85.166,11.308,all P<0.05). The detection rate of abnormal white blood cells was the highest in the age group of 30-<45 years old and the working years group of 10-<20 years(9.9%,10.2%,χ2=7.745,6.274,both P<0.05). The detection rates of abnormal hemoglobin and routine urine test were the highest in the radiotherapy(2D) group in the classification of types of occupational radiation(10.6%,46.2%,χ2=18.932,40.056,both P<0.05). The detection rate of abnormal liver function was the highest in the other(2F) group in the classification of types of occupational radiation(50%,χ2=20.132,P<0.05). The detection rate of abnormal analysis of chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes was the highest in the age group of 45 years old and above,the working years group of 20 years and above,and the dental radiology(2B) group in the classification of types of occupational radiation(2.9%,3.3%,12.5%,χ2=6.151,6.802,12.528,all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with males,females was the risk factor for abnormal blood routine,white blood cell classification,and routine urine test in radiation workers(OR=1.579,2.497,95%CI 1.056-2.359,1.782-3.500). Compared with the working years 0-<10 years,the working years of 20 years and above were risk factors for abnormal lens of the eye in radiation workers(OR=8.310,95%CI:1.700-40.611). Compared with compartment operation,near-table operation was the risk factor for abnormal lens of the eyes in radiation workers(OR=10.405,95%CI:3.679-29.426). Compared with diagnostic radiology(2A),nuclear medicine(2C) was the risk factor for abnormal liver function in radiation workers(OR=7.877,95%CI:3.094-20.052),radiotherapy(2D) was a risk factor for abnormal routine urine test in radiation workers(OR=1.718,95%CI:1.098-2.688),interventional radiology(2E) was the risk factor for abnormal liver function in radiationworkers(OR=3.306,95%CI:1.511-7.233),other(2F) was the risk factor for abnormal liver function in radiation workers(OR=1.192,95%CI:1.024-3.572). Conclusion The way of exposure to ionizing radiation and the type of occupational radiation can affect the occupational health of radiation workers in Xinjiang. It is necessary to strengthen the routine detection of radiation hygiene and individual protection.

Key words: Radiation workers, Occupational health examination, Radiation prevention, Ionizing radiation exposure, Operational scenario risk, Radiation hygiene management

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