关键词: 化学因素, 作业场所暴露, 职业健康, 风险评估, 评估模型, 方法学研究

Abstract:

There are many kinds of chemical factors exposed in the workplace，and the health effects of workers exposed to them are various. The scientific implementation of occupational health risk assessment（OHRA） is a key link to effectively identify and control occupational hazards. In view of the differences in physicochemical properties，exposure routes and toxicologyical mechanisms of different chemicals，it is very important to choose an appropriate assessment method.This study systematically sorted out the OHRA method system of chemical factors at home and abroad，it covers the typical international assessment models（such as the semi-quantitative risk assessment method for occupational exposure to chemical poisons in Singapore，the risk assessment method for occupational accidents and occupational diseases in Romania） and the methods recommended by the Chinese occupational health standard GBZ/T 298-2017“Technical Guidelines for Occupational health risk assessment of Chemical hazards in the Workplace” as well as some innovative methods. The characteristics，advantages and limitations of the above methods in assessing occupational health risks of seven types of chemical factors are explored，and the strategic suggestions on the optimal or combination methods for assessing occupational health risks of different types of chemical factors are put forward based on applied research. The results of this study aim to provide a reference value for the occupational health risk assessment of chemical factors in enterprises and provide a theoretical basis for occupational health professionals to improve the occupational health risk management ability in the workplace，to prevent occupational diseases more reasonably.

Key words: Chemical factors, Workplace exposures, Occupational health, Risk assessment, Assessment models, Methodological studies