天津市售虾类水产品中邻苯二甲酸酯的污染特征及风险评估

职业与健康 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (4): 467-470.

天津市售虾类水产品中邻苯二甲酸酯的污染特征及风险评估

王辰, 贾叶青, 边亚兰, 李建平, 张明月, 张毅

天津市疾病预防控制中心理化科,天津 300011

收稿日期:2024-06-22 修回日期:2024-07-15 出版日期:2025-02-15 发布日期:2025-12-12
通信作者: 张毅,主管技师,E-mail：zhyi1012@163.com
作者简介:王辰,女,主管技师,主要从事食品安全检测与评估工作。
基金资助:
天津市卫生健康科技项目（TJWJ2022QN095）; 天津市医学重点建设学科（TJYXZDXK-066B）

Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of PAEs in shrimp aquatic products sold in Tianjin

WANG Chen, JIA Yeqing, BIAN Yalan, LI Jianping, ZHANG Mingyue, ZHANG Yi

Physical and Chemical Department,Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Tianjin 300011,China

Received:2024-06-22 Revised:2024-07-15 Online:2025-02-15 Published:2025-12-12
Contact: ZHANG Yi,Technician in charge,E-mail：zhyi1012@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解天津市售小龙虾及海虾中7种邻苯二甲酸酯（phthalate esters,PAEs）的含量水平,进行污染特征及健康风险评估。方法 2023年4—7月在天津市辖16个区的流通环节共采集海虾样品96份、小龙虾样品96份,利用超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定样品中PAEs的含量,并对数据进行分析。结果小龙虾中7种PAEs均有检出,检出浓度范围为0.001~11.400 mg/kg,其中邻苯二甲酸二-2-乙基己酯[bis（2-ethylhexyl）phthalate,DEHP]的检出率最高为49.0%,整体∑PAEs检出率为75.0%;海虾中共检出邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（diethyl phthalate,DEP）、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（dibutyl phthalate,DBP）、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（diisobutyl phthalate,DIBP）和DEHP 4种PAEs,检出浓度范围为0.001~2.67 mg/kg,其中DEHP的检出率最高为30.2%,整体∑PAEs检出率为34.4%;小龙虾中PAEs的含量和种类显著高于海虾;健康风险评估计算两类水产品中单体PAEs的危险系数（hazard quotients,HQ）值均小于1,致癌风险（risk,R）值均小于1×10^-6。结论天津市售小龙虾及海虾中PAEs的污染情况应引起一定重视,同时其健康风险在可接受范围内,总体情况安全。

关键词: 邻苯二甲酸酯, 虾类水产品, 污染特征, 健康风险评估

Abstract: Objective To investigate the levels of seven phthalate esters（PAEs） in crayfish and sea shrimp sold in Tianjin,and to conduct pollution characteristics and health risk assessment. Methods From April to July 2023,a total of 96 samples of sea shrimp and 96 samples of crayfish were collected in the circulation links of 16 districts under the jurisdiction of Tianjin. The content of PAEs in the samples was determined using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-MS/MS）,and the data were analyzed. Results Totally 7 kinds of PAEs were detected in crayfish,and the concentration ranged from 0.001 to 11.4 mg/kg. The detection rate of DEHP was the highest（49.0%）,and the overall detection rate of PAEs was 75.0%. Four types of PAEs,including diethyl phthalate（DEP）,dibutyl phthalate（DBP）,diisobutyl phthalate（DIBP）,and DEHP,were detected in sea shrimp at concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 2.67 mg/kg. The detection rate of DEHP was the highest（30.2%）,and the overall detection rate of PAEs was 34.4%. The content and species of PAEs in crayfish were significantly higher than those in sea shrimp. The health risk assessment calculated that the hazard quotients（HQ） values of monomer PAEs in two types of aquatic products were both <1,and the carcinogenic risk（R） values were both <1×10^-6. Conclusion The pollution of PAEs in crayfish and sea shrimp sold in Tianjin should be paid attention to,and their health risks are within an acceptable range. Overall,the situation is safe.

Key words: Phthalate esters, Shrimp aquatic products, Pollution characteristics, Health risk assessment

王辰, 贾叶青, 边亚兰, 李建平, 张明月, 张毅. 天津市售虾类水产品中邻苯二甲酸酯的污染特征及风险评估. [J]职业与健康, 2025, 41(4): 467-470.

WANG Chen, JIA Yeqing, BIAN Yalan, LI Jianping, ZHANG Mingyue, ZHANG Yi. Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of PAEs in shrimp aquatic products sold in Tianjin. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2025, 41(4): 467-470.

参考文献

[1] WANG Z,MA J,WANG T,et al.Environmental health risks induced by interaction between phthalic acid esters(PAEs) and biological macromolecules:A review[J].Chemosphere,2023,328:138578.
[2] ZHANG Y,YANG Y,TAO Y,et al.Phthalates(PAEs) and reproductive toxicity:Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal(HPG)axis aspects[J].J Hazard Mater,2023,459:132182.
[3] 邱竞逸,吴昊,毛斌,等.上海某社区婴儿邻苯二甲酸酯暴露与神经行为发育的关系[J].环境与职业医学,2019,36(4):300-305.
[4] 朱应双. 孕妇尿中邻苯二甲酸酯代谢产物的形态研究及孕期邻苯二甲酸酯暴露与新生儿出生结局的关联性研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2019.
[5] 李军涛,李文学,张岩,等.邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯的遗传毒性研究[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2022,34(5):878-883.
[6] 李维霞. 天津市成年人群邻苯二甲酸酯暴露水平及健康风险评估[D].天津:天津理工大学,2023.
[7] DEBLONDE T,COSSU-LEGUILLE C,HARTEMANN P.Emerging pollutants in wastewater:A review of the literature[J].Int J Hyg Environ Health,2011,214(6):442-448.
[8] 朱冰清,胡冠九,纪轩禹,等.江苏省自来水中邻苯二甲酸酯的污染特征及风险评估[J].环境化学,2023,42(8):2586-2593.
[9] 王浩. 成年人尿中邻苯二甲酸酯代谢产物与高尿酸血症的关联研究[D].青岛:青岛大学,2023.
[10] 杨其帆,蔡菁婷,范惠莹.环境空气细颗粒物中16种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定法[J].职业与健康,2023, 39(23):3206-3211,3215.
[11] 张露,胡红美,李铁军,等.海产品中邻苯二甲酸酯的检测及健康风险评估[J].中国食品学报,2020,20(5):258-265.
[12] ZHANG Y,LYU L,TAO Y,et al.Health risks of phthalates:A review of immunotoxicity[J].Environ Pollut,2022,313:120173.
[13] 刘银娥,罗孝俊,黄晨晨,等.邻苯二甲酸酯和新型增塑剂在水生生物中的累积与食物链传递[J/OL].中国环境科学,2024:1-11.(2024-02-19)[2024-05-02].https://doi.org/10.19674/j.cnki.issn1000-6923. 20240219.002.
[14] PENG Q,PENG L,LIU J,et al.Exposure,bioaccumulation,and risk assessment of organophosphate flame retardants in crayfish in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River[J].Sci Total Environ,2024,912:168859.
[15] US EPA.Regional Screening Level(RSL)summary table[M].Washington,DC:United State Environmental Protection Agency,2012.
[16] LIU B,LV L,DING L,et al.Comparison of phthalate esters(PAEs)in freshwater and marine food webs:Occurrence,bioaccumulation,and trophodynamics[J].J Hazard Mater,2024,466:133534.
[17] SQUADRONE S,BERTI G,GRIGLIONE A,et al.Phthalate diester occurrence in marine feed and food(Mediterranean Sea)[J].Environ Sci Pollut Res Int,2024,31:36174-36179.
[18] RAGUSO C,GRECH D,BECCHI A,et al.Detection of microplastics and phthalic acid esters in sea urchins from Sardinia(Western Mediterranean Sea)[J].Mar Pollut Bull,2022,185(Pt A):114328.
[19] 宋韶芳,刘于飞,陈坤才,等.广州市膳食中主要邻苯二甲酸酯污染水平及其风险评估[J].医学动物防制,2022,38(8):804-807.
[20] SQUILLANTE J,SCIVICCO M,ARIANO A,et al.Occurrence of phthalate esters and preliminary data on microplastics in fish from the Tyrrhenian sea(Italy) and impact on human health[J].Environ Pollut.,2023,316(Pt 1):120664.