职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 745-749.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2022—2024年重庆市北碚区重点行业职业病危害因素监测与职业健康检查现状

赵雪利, 刘露()   

  1. 重庆市北碚区疾病预防控制中心重庆 400700
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-11 修回日期:2025-07-30 出版日期:2026-03-15 发布日期:2026-04-03
  • 通信作者: 刘露
  • 作者简介:刘露,E-mail:1750731087@qq.com
    赵雪利,女,技师,主要从事环境卫生和职业卫生检测工作。
  • 基金资助:
    2023年重庆市公共卫生重点专科(学科)建设项目(渝卫办发[2022]71号)

Current status of occupational disease hazard factor monitoring and occupational health examination in key industries in Beibei District of Chongqing City from 2022 to 2024

ZHAO Xueli, LIU Lu()   

  1. Chongqing Beibei District Center for Disease Control and PreventionChongqing 400700, China
  • Received:2025-07-11 Revised:2025-07-30 Online:2026-03-15 Published:2026-04-03
  • Contact: LIU Lu

摘要:

目的 了解重庆市北碚区重点行业工作场所职业危害现状和从业人员职业病健康检查现状,评估职业病发病风险,为北碚区行政监管部门进行职业病防控提供参考依据和数据支持。 方法 由国家“健康危害因素监测信息系统”导出2022—2024年重庆市北碚区数据,并对数据进行分析。 结果 10个行业90家企业共监测工作场所3 002个点位和2 852个岗位,接害率较高的行业是家具制造业(88.14%)和有色金属冶炼(81.82%),不同行业接害率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=242.102,P<0.01)。3大类危害因素超标靠前的2个行业汽车制造业和金属制品业,点位和岗位的超标率分别为10.56%和10.13%,不同行业点位和岗位超标率比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ2点位=67.343,χ2岗位=65.944,均P<0.01)。中(9.79%)、小型(9.34%)企业超标较多,不同规模点位和岗位超标率比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ2点位=29.895,χ2岗位=31.846,均P<0.05)。10个重点行业总体防噪声设施设置完成度欠佳,仅51.11%。警示标志设置上重点行业完成度均高于90%。接触的12类危害因素健康检查异常人数前4位从高到低依次是噪声、矽尘、锰及其化合物、二甲苯,不同危害因素劳动者健康检查异常率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=147.084,P<0.05)。 结论 北碚区职业病防控工作形势严峻,以噪声和矽尘超标最为突出,建议完善噪音防治政策法规,加大落实购置防噪音设施设备,定期开展职业健康检查和职业风险监测评估,以保证从业人员身体健康。

关键词: 重点行业, 职业病危害因素, 职业病监测, 职业健康检查, 噪声, 矽尘, 化学因素

Abstract:

Objective To understand the current status of occupational hazards in key industries and occupational disease health examinations for employees in Beibei District of Chongqing City,assess the risk of incidence of occupational diseases incidence,and provide reference and data support for local administrative departments of Beibei District to carry out occupational disease prevention and control. Methods Export the data of Beibei District of Chongqing City from 2022 to 2024 from the "National Health Hazard Factor Monitoring Information System",and analyze the data. Results We monitored 90 enterprises in 10 industries,including 3 002 workplace locations and 2 852 positions.The furniture manufacturing industry had the highest exposure rate (88.14%),followed by the non-ferrous metal smelting industry(81.82%). The difference in exposure rates across industries were statistically significant(χ2=242.102,P<0.01). In the automotive manufacturing and metal products industries,which had the highest levels of the three major hazard factors,the exceedance rates at locations and positions were 10.56% and 10.13%,respectively. The differences in exceedance rates for different locations and positions of different industries were statistically significant(χ2location=67.343, χ2position=65.944,both P<0.01). Medium-sized enterprises(9.79%) and small enterprises(9.34%) had higher exceedance rates,and there were statistically significant differences in the exceedance rates among different locations and positions of different scales(χ2location=29.895,χ2position=31.846,both P<0.05). Overall,the completion rate of noise protector in the 10 key industries was suboptimal,only 51.11%. The completion rate of warning signs in key industries was over 90%. The top four abnormal cases in the physical examination of the 12 types of hazardous factors that were exposed to noise,silicon dust,manganese and its compounds,and xylene,ranked from high to low.There was a statistically significant difference in the abnormal rate of physical examination among workers with different hazardous factors(χ2=147.084,P<0.05). Conclusion The situation regarding occupational disease prevention and control in Beibei District is severe,with the most prominent issues being noise and silica dust exceeding standards. It is recommended to improve policies and regulations for noise prevention and control,increase the procurement of noise reduction facilities and equipment,and regularly conduct occupational health examinations and risk assessments to ensure the health of employees.

Key words: Key industries, Occupational hazard factors, Occupational disease surveillance, Occupational health examination, Noise, Silica dust, Chemical factors.

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