职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (16): 2234-2239.

• 论著—流行病学与预防保健 • 上一篇    下一篇

北京市西城区第三产业5类人群职业健康素养水平调查及影响因素分析

姚盛英1, 曹展1, 刘丹2, 张惠娟1, 周伟芳1, 胡丽2   

  1. 1 北京市西城区疾病预防控制中心北京 100120
    2 北京市疾病预防控制中心北京 100032
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-05 修回日期:2025-11-03 出版日期:2026-08-15 发布日期:2026-08-10
  • 作者简介:姚盛英,女,主管医师,主要从事职业病防治工作。

Investigation and analysis of occupational health literacy levels and influencing factors among five occupational groups in the tertiary industry of Xicheng District of Beijing City

YAO Shengying1, CAO Zhan1, LIU Dan2, ZHANG Huijuan1, ZHOU Weifang1, HU Li2   

  1. 1 Beijing Xicheng District Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100120, China
    2 Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and ControlBeijing 100013, China
  • Received:2025-08-05 Revised:2025-11-03 Online:2026-08-15 Published:2026-08-10

摘要:

目的 分析北京市西城区第三产业5类劳动者职业健康素养(occupational health literacy,OHL)水平及其影响因素,为进一步提升人群的健康素养水平提供参考。方法 2024年7—9月用分层整群随机抽样法抽取北京市西城区第三产业5类行业一线劳动者(医疗卫生业、教育业、环境卫生业、交通运输业和快递/外卖配送业),采用《全国重点人群职业健康素养监测调查个人问卷》进行调查,实际纳入1 040份问卷,并对数据进行分析。结果 北京市西城区第三产业5类行业劳动者OHL的具备率为58.9%(613/1 040),以医疗卫生业最高(77.1%),其次是教育业(71.5%),再次为环境卫生业(62.0%)和交通运输业(53.0%),快递/外卖配送业最低(27.5%)。OHL的4个维度由高到低依次为职业健康保护基本知识(86.2%)、健康工作方式和行为(62.8%)、职业健康法律知识(53.8%)、职业健康保护基本技能(38.1%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=69.623,P<0.01)。将行业、性别、年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、户口性质、月收入水平作为自变量,进行多因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示,快递/外卖配送业(OR=0.175,95%CI:0.084~0.365)和交通运输业(OR=0.353,95%CI:0.182~0.686)的OHL水平较低;大专(OR=1.859,95%CI:1.251~2.762)、本科及以上(OR=2.579,95%CI:1.657~4.016)文化程度者的OHL水平较高(P<0.05)。结论 北京市西城区第三产业5个行业职业人群的OHL水平仍需进一步提升。在开展OHL提升工作中,应针对快递/外卖配送业和交通运输业选择适合的干预措施。

关键词: 第三产业, 职业人群, 职业健康素养, 调查, 影响因素, logistic回归分析, 健康促进

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the occupational health literacy(OHL) levels and influencing factors among five occupational groups in the tertiary industry in Xicheng District of Beijing City,and to provide scientific support for further improving their health literacy. Methods From July to September 2024,frontline workers in five industries(healthcare,education,environmental sanitation,transportation,and courier/food delivery) were surveyed using the "National Occupational Health Literacy Monitoring Questionnaire for Key Populations" via stratified cluster random sampling. A total of 1 040 valid questionnaires were collected,and the data were analyzed. Results The OHL attainment rate among workers in five industries within the tertiary sector in Xicheng District of Beijing City,stands at 58.9%(613/1 040). The healthcare industry had the highest rate(77.1%),followed by education(71.5%),environmental sanitation(62.0%),transportation(53.0%),and courier/food delivery(27.5%). Among the four dimensions of OHL,the highest score was for basic knowledge of occupational health protection(86.2%),followed by healthy work practices and behaviors(62.8%),knowledge of occupational health laws(53.8%),and basic skills for occupational health protection(38.1%),with statistically significant differences(χ2=69.623,P<0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted with industry,gender,age,marital status,education level,household registration type,and monthly income level as covariates,the results revealed that workers in courier/food delivery(OR=0.175,95%CI:0.084-0.365) and transportation(OR=0.353,95%CI:0.182-0.686) had lower OHL levels,while those with college(OR=1.859,95%CI:1.251-2.762) or higher education(OR=2.579,95%CI:1.657-4.016) exhibited higher OHL levels(both P<0.05). Conclusion The OHL levels among these five occupational groups in tertiary industry in Xicheng District of Beijing City require further improvement. Tailored interventions should be prioritized for the courier/food delivery and transportation industries to enhance occupational health literacy.

Key words: Tertiary industry, Occupational populations, Occupational health literacy, Survey, Influencing factors, Logistic regression analysis, Health promotion

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