关键词: 鱼类, 重金属, 药物残留, 致病微生物, 风险监测

Abstract: Objective To understand the main pollution factors and distribution characteristics of fish in four cities of Beibu Gulf,provide scientific basis for later monitoring and control. Methods From 2020 to 2022,the monitoring of heavy metals,drug residues and pathogenic microorganisms in live fish（freshwater and saltwater） was carried out in four cities in the Beibu Gulf（Nanning City, Qinzhou City,Beihai City,and Fangchenggang City）,and the data were analyzed. Results The excess rate of cadmium in fish in four cities of Beibu Gulf was 2.44%（12/491）,and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. The excess rate of cadmium in freshwater fish and saltwater fish was 1.21%（3/248） and 3.70%（9/243） respectively,and the difference was not statistically significant（P>0.05）. The excess rate of lead was 0.41%（2/491）. The detection rate of total mercury was 1.63%（8/491）. Total arsenic was detected in both freshwater and marine fish. The detection rates of chloramphenicol and cryptochrome malachite green were 2.04%（10/491） and 0.20%（1/491） respectively. The total detection rates of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus were 25.71%（163/634） and 31.07%（197/634） respectively. The detection rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in seawater fish was 29.13%（104/357）,which was higher than that in freshwater fish[21.30%（59/277）],with a statistically significant difference（χ²=5.009,P<0.05）. The detection rate of Vibrio alginolyticus in seawater fish was 38.66%（138/357）,which was higher than that in freshwater fish[21.30%（59/277）],with a statistically significant difference（χ²=21.134,P<0.05）. Conclusion The pollution levels of heavy metal,drug residues, and pathogenic microorganisms in fish in four cities of Beibu Gulf are all below the national limit standard or health risk within the acceptable range from 2020 to 2022,but supervision should be strengthened to ensure food safety.

Key words: Fish, Heavy metals, Drug residues, Pathogenic microorganism, Risk monitoring