关键词: 锂离子电池生产, 全产业链, 职业病危害因素

Abstract: Objective To investigate and identify the occupational hazard factors across all the operational positions in the lithium-ion battery production industrial chain for providing scientific basis for putting forward targeted prevention and control countermeasures. Methods Seven representative manufacturers in Changzhou,covering the entire lithium-ion battery industrial chain(including cathode materials,anode materials,separators,electrolytes,and battery assembly),were selected as the research subjects. The field investigation of occupational health was carried out by means of questionnaire. The results of occupational hazard factors test were analyzed by collecting the test reports of occupational hazard factors from 2022 to 2024,and were further carried out the occupational hazard classification as well as the contact grade classification in accordance with the relevant national occupational health standards. Results The occupational hazard factors were identified in the 7 lithium-ion battery manufacturers covering the entire industrial chain,involving 5 production units(cathode material,anode material,electrolyte,separator,and assembly) across 18 operational positions,including 8 types of dust such as other dust,graphite dust,carbon black dust,alumina dust,polyethylene dust,aluminum metal dust,welding fume and copper dust,8 types of toxic substances like ethyl acetate,cobalt and its compounds,zirconium and its compounds,nickel and insoluble nickel compounds,fluorine and its compounds,hydrogen fluoride,dichloromethane as well as manganese and its compounds,and 3 types of physical hazards including noise,X-rays,and beta rays. Among all the jobs positions in the entire industry chain of lithium-ion battery production,the number of positions exposed to noise was the largest(94.44%),and the number of positions exposed to dust,poison and radioactive factors were 66.67%,61.11% and 11.11%,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(χ²=26.743,P<0.01). The compliance rate of all occupational hazard factors encountered in the above job positions was 100.00%,with all positions classified as level 0. Among the contact grades of dust exposure positions,the Ⅱ level was the most,accounting for 78.13%,and theⅠ,0,Ⅲ and Ⅳ levels accounted for 9.38%,6.25%,6.25% and 0,respectively,with no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).Among them,graphite dust(total dust) in the coating and drying position of the final assembly,aluminum metal dust in the weighing and feeding position of cathode material production were rated as contact level III. Moreover,among the exposure levels of toxic posts,the highest level was 0,accounting for 87.88%,while the levels Ⅱ,Ⅰ,Ⅲ and Ⅳaccounted for 6.06%,3.03%,3.03% and 0,respectively,with no statistically significant difference(P>0.05). Among them,cobalt and its compounds at the demagnetizing packaging position in cathode material production was rated as contact level III. Conclusion Attention should be paid to occupational hazard factors such as graphite dust in the coating and drying position of the final assembly,aluminum metal dust in the weighing and feeding position of positive material production,cobalt and its compounds in the packaging position of positive material production,and noise in the crushing and weighing and feeding positions of positive material production,final assembly sheet making and liquid injection,chemical skin(eye) burns that may be caused by hydrogen fluoride in primary and secondary injection positions,and the radioactive hazards caused by beta rays in the thickness measuring positions of diaphragm production as well as in the positive and negative electrode coating drying positions of battery assembly.

Key words: Lithium-ion battery production, Entire industrial chain, Occupational hazard factors