职业与健康 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (24): 3419-3422.

• 调查研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

2023—2024年天津市疑似预防接种异常反应监测分析

朱迪, 骆晓艳(), 李永成, 郭百慧   

  1. 天津市疾病预防控制中心免疫规划所天津 300011
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-24 修回日期:2025-11-01 出版日期:2025-12-15 发布日期:2026-01-22
  • 通信作者: 骆晓艳,副主任医师,E-mail:luoxiaoyan1999@126.com
  • 作者简介:朱迪,女,医师,主要从事疑似预防接种异常反应监测工作。
  • 基金资助:
    国家疾病预防控制局公共卫生人才培养支持项目

Surveillance and analysis of adverse events following immunization in Tianjin from 2023 to 2024

ZHU Di, LUO Xiaoyan(), LI Yongcheng, GUO Baihui   

  1. Institute of ImmunizationTianjin Centers for Disease Control and PreventionTianjin 300011, China
  • Received:2025-10-24 Revised:2025-11-01 Online:2025-12-15 Published:2026-01-22
  • Contact: LUO Xiaoyan,Associate chief physician,E-mail:luoxiaoyan1999@126.com

摘要:

目的 分析2023—2024年天津市疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse events following immunization,AEFI)监测数据,为提升区域AEFI监测处置工作的精准性与实效性提供科学指导。方法 基于天津市免疫规划信息管理系统和中国疾病预防控制信息系统AEFI监测系统,收集2023—2024年天津市疫苗接种和AEFI报告数据。采用描述流行病学方法对AEFI监测数据进行分析。结果 2023—2024年天津市AEFI报告发生率为29.07/10万剂。一般反应和异常反应的报告发生率分别为26.95/10万剂和1.11/10万剂。报告病例以≤1岁人群为主(63.76%),男性占比较高(51.78%),第2季度AEFI报告发生率最高(34.04/10万剂)。乙脑灭活疫苗(Japanese encephalitis inactivated vaccine,JE-I)、重组带状疱疹疫苗(recombinant zoster vaccine,RZV)和ACYW135群脑膜炎球菌多糖结合疫苗(group A,C,Y and W135 meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine,MPCV-ACYW)的AEFI总报告发生率居前3位。一般反应以发热、局部红肿和局部硬结为主要症状,报告发生率分别为15.38/10万剂、9.00/10万剂和3.50/10万剂;异常反应以过敏性皮疹为主,报告发生率为0.54/10万剂。不良反应多发生在接种后0~1 d。结论 天津市AEFI以一般反应为主,异常反应处于较低水平。应继续规范开展AEFI监测报告工作,进一步提高监测敏感性。

关键词: 预防接种, 疑似预防接种异常反应, 监测分析, 报告发生率, 疫苗

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the surveillance data of adverse events following immunization(AEFI) in Tianjin from 2023 to 2024,and to provide scientific guidance for improving the precision and effectiveness of regional AEFI monitoring and management. Methods Based on the Tianjin Immunization Planning Information Management System and the AEFI monitoring system of the Chinese Immunization Information Management System,data on vaccination and AEFI reports in Tianjin from 2023 to 2024 were collected. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the AEFI monitoring data. Results The reported incidence rate of AEFI in Tianjin from 2023 to 2024 was 29.07 per 100 000 doses. The reported incidence rates of general reactions and abnormal reactions were 26.95 per 100 000 doses and 1.11 per 100 000 doses,respectively. The majority of reported cases occurred in individuals aged ≤1 year(63.76%),with a higher proportion in males(51.78%). The highest AEFI reported incidence rate was observed in the second quarter(34.04 per 100 000 doses). Japanese encephalitis inactivated vaccine(JE-I),recombinant zoster vaccine(RZV),and group A,C,Y and W135 meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine(MPCV-ACYW) had the top three highest total AEFI reported incidence rates. The most common general reactions were fever,local redness/swelling,and local induration,with reported incidence rates of 15.38 per 100 000 doses,9.00 per 100 000 doses,and 3.50 per 100 000 doses,respectively. The predominant abnormal reaction was allergic rash,with a reported incidence rate of 0.54 per 100 000 doses. Most adverse reactions occurred within 0-1 day after vaccination. Conclusion In Tianjin,AEFI cases reported were primarily general reactions,with abnormal reactions remaining at a low level. Standardized AEFI surveillance and reporting should be continued to improve monitoring sensitivity.

Key words: Vaccination, Adverse events following immunization, Surveillance analysis, Reported incidence rate, Vaccine

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