职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 22-26.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2024年邵武市重点职业病监测及职业健康风险评估

黄琳   

  1. 邵武市疾病预防控制中心,福建 南平 354000
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-06 修回日期:2025-07-04 出版日期:2026-01-01 发布日期:2026-02-03
  • 作者简介:黄琳,女,主管医师,主要从事职业卫生工作。

Key occupational disease monitoring and occupational health risk assessment in Shaowu City in 2024

HUANG Lin   

  1. Shaowu Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanping,Fujian 354000,China
  • Received:2025-06-06 Revised:2025-07-04 Online:2026-01-01 Published:2026-02-03

摘要:

目的 了解2024年邵武市重点职业病危害现状及发病特点,旨在提高邵武市职业病监测和风险预警能力,并为制定职业病防治措施提供参考依据。方法 收集2024年邵武市职业健康检查个案信息,从不同维度(性别、年龄、工龄、企业规模、行业类型及经济类型)分析职业人群专项指标检查结果。结果 2024年邵武市共有9933人进行职业健康检查,涉及职业病危害企业133家,检出疑似职业病2例,岗前和在岗期间职业禁忌症检出率分别为4.56%(159/3 490)和1.06%(65/6 110)。矽尘和电焊烟尘作业工人胸片异常检出率分别为1.02%和0.42%,其余粉尘岗位均未检出尘肺样改变,肺功能检查异常率分别为煤尘(7.28%)、矽尘(12.61%)、活性炭粉尘(12.07%)、电焊烟尘(6.94%)、其他粉尘(13.42%);专项指标异常多发于男性,年龄49~<59岁组和接尘工龄10~<20年组常见,矽尘危害多见于采矿业,其余粉尘危害主要集中在制造业,企业规模以中小型企业为主。噪声作业工人双耳高频平均听阈异常率为12.64%,行业分布以采矿业(57.41%)异常率最高,小型企业(17.51%)和股份制经济(16.67%)的异常率高于其他类型企业,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);此外,男性(14.59%)异常率远高于女性(7.07%),且随着年龄、工龄增长异常率有升高的趋势。苯作业工人白细胞、中性粒细胞及血小板计数的异常率分别为6.20%、4.30%及0.24%,女性白细胞和中性粒细胞异常率均高于男性(χ2WBC=16.866,P<0.01;χ2N=5.220,P<0.05)。结论 邵武市职业健康风险最大的危害因素是粉尘和噪声,应继续加强职业病防治工作,对重点人群、重点行业、中小型企业开展职业健康知识宣讲。

关键词: 重点职业病, 职业健康检查, 矽尘, 噪声

Abstract:

Objective To understand the current status and incidence characteristics of key occupational diseases in Shaowu City in 2024,aiming to improve the monitoring and risk warning capabilities for occupational diseases in Shaowu City,and provide reference for formulating measures to prevent and control occupational diseases. Methods Collect the case information from occupational health examinations conducted in Shaowu City in 2024,and analyze the results of special indicator examinations for occupational populations from different dimensions(gender,age,length of service,enterprise size,industry type,and economic type). Results In 2024,a total of 9 933 people in Shaowu City underwent occupational health examinations,involving 133 enterprises with occupational disease hazards,and 2 cases of suspected occupational diseases were detected. The detection rates of occupational contraindications before the job and during the job were 4.56%(159/3 490) and 1.06%(65/6 110),respectively. The abnormal detection rates of chest radiographs of workers exposed to silicon dust and welding smoke were 1.02% and 0.42%,respectively. No pneumoconiosis changes were detected in other dust positions. The abnormal rates of lung function examination were 7.28% for coal dust,12.61% for silicon dust,12.07% for activated carbon dust,6.94% for welding smoke,and 13.42% for other dust,respectively. Abnormal special indicators were more common in males,particularly in the age group of 49-<59 years and the dust exposure group with 10-<20 years of service. The hazards of silica dust were more prevalent in the mining industry,while other dust hazards were mainly concentrated in the manufacturing industry,with small and medium-sized enterprises being the mainstay. The average abnormal rate of high-frequency hearing threshold in both ears of workers exposed to noise was 12.64%. The highest abnormal rate was observed in the mining industry(57.41%),with small enterprises(17.51%) and joint-stock enterprises(16.67%) showing higher abnormal rates than other types of enterprises,and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). In addition,the abnormality rate among males(14.59%) was significantly higher than that among females(7.07%),and there was a trend of increasing abnormality rate with age and length of service. The abnormal rates of white blood cell,neutrophil and platelet counts in workers exposed to benzene were 6.20%,4.30%,and 0.24%,respectively. The abnormal rates of white blood cell and neutrophil in women were higher than those in men(χ2WBC=16.866,P<0.01;χ2N==5.220,P<0.05). Conclusion Dust and noise are the greatest hazard factors for occupational health risks in Shaowu City. Occupational disease prevention and control should be continued to be strengthened and occupational health knowledge should be publicized among key groups,key industries,and small and medium-sized enterprises.

Key words: Key occupational diseases, Occupational health examination, Silica dust, Noise

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