职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 78-82.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

江西省铀尾矿区周边食品放射性水平调查

王哲, 檀丽, 曹发明, 邓磊()   

  1. 江西省职业病防治研究院,江西 南昌 330000
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-08 修回日期:2025-05-19 出版日期:2026-01-01 发布日期:2026-02-03
  • 通信作者: 邓磊,E-mail:171072791@qq.com
  • 作者简介:王哲,男,工程师,主要从事放射卫生工作。
  • 基金资助:
    江西省卫生健康科技计划(202131004)

Investigation of food radioactivity level around uranium tailings area in Jiangxi Province

WANG Zhe, TAN Li, CAO Faming, DENG Lei()   

  1. Institute of Occupational Medicine of Jiangxi,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330000,China
  • Received:2025-05-08 Revised:2025-05-19 Online:2026-01-01 Published:2026-02-03

摘要:

目的 了解江西省铀尾矿区周边食品的放射性水平,补充江西省食品放射性核素基线数据库,为卫生学评价和公众健康风险评估提供参考依据。方法 2020—2023年在江西省两个铀尾矿区周边及对照地区共4个地区分别采集食品样品,每年每地区采集5类12份样品,用高纯锗γ能谱仪检测放射性核素238U、232Th、226Ra、40K和137Cs的比活度并对数据进行分析、评价。结果 2020—2023年食品样品中均未检出核素238U,其余放射性核素的比活度在国家标准限值以内。2个铀尾矿区和对照地区相比,食物中226Ra、40K比活度相对差异率接近。茶叶、黄豆中放射性核素比活度高于其他非乳类样品且不同区域各个放射性核素比活度差异无统计学意义。2022、2023年4份奶粉样品中137Cs的比活度分别为0.45、0.90、0.46和0.41 Bq/kg,其他样品未检测出137Cs。2020—2023年居民膳食所致年平均有效剂量约0.07 mSv/a。结论 江西省铀尾矿区周边本地食物不存在人工放射性核素137Cs,食品中放射性水平不会对居民健康造成危害。

关键词: 江西铀尾矿区, 食品, 放射性水平, 年有效剂量

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the radioactivity level of food around uranium tailings area in Jiangxi Province,supplement the baseline database of food radio-nuclides in Jiangxi,to provide reference for hygienic evaluation and public health risk assessment. Methods From 2020 to 2023,food samples were collected in four areas surrounding two uranium tailings and control areas in Jiangxi Province,and 12 samples of 5 categories were collected from each area each year. The specific activities of 238U,232Th,226Ra,40K,and 137Cs were detected using high purity germanium(HPGe) gamma-ray spectrometry,and the data were analyzed and evaluated. Results No nuclide 238U was detected in food samples from 2020 to 2023,and the specific activities of other radionuclides were within the national standard limit. Compared with the control area,the relative difference rates of 226Ra and 40K specific activities in food in two uranium tailings were close. The specific activity of radionuclides in tea and soybean was higher than that in other non-milk samples,and there was no statistically significant difference in specific activity of various radionuclides between different regions. The specific activity of 137Cs in 4 milk powder samples in 2022 and 2023 were 0.45,0.90,0.46 and 0.41 Bq/kg,respectively. 137Cs was not detected in other samples. The average annual effective dose due to residents' diet from 2020 to 2023 was 0.07 mSv/a. Conclusion There is no artificial radionuclide 137Cs in local food around uranium tailings in Jiangxi Province,and the radioactivity level in food will not cause harm to the health of residents.

Key words: Uranium tailings in Jiangxi, Food, Radioactivity level, Annual effective dose

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