Table of Content

01 September 2025, Volume 41 Issue 17

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Treatise

Analysis of monitoring results of occupational hazard factors in the manufacturing industry of Sichuan Province in 2023

CHU Weizhong, DU Qiuxia, LU Xiangxiang, SHANG Weiwei

2025, 41(17):  2305-2309. 

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Objective To analyze the monitoring results of occupational hazards factors in the manufacturing industry in Sichuan Province,in order to provide scientific basis for the special governance of occupational hazards in the manufacturing industry. Methods The occupational hazard factors and monitoring results of 630 manufacturing employers in Sichuan Province in 2023 were summarized and analyzed by using the workplace occupational hazard factors monitoring system. Results Totally 630 manufacturing employers were distributed in 12 industries such as non-metallic mineral products industry,furniture manufacturing industry and metal products industry,mainly small and micro enterprises（86.3%）. A total of 4 458 posts were monitored,and 582 posts exceeded the standard,with a exceedance rate of 13.1%. There was a statistically significant difference in the exceedance rates of different occupational hazard factors（χ²=192.502,P<0.01）. The main types of positions that exceeded the standard were noise and dust,with a exceedance rate of over 15%,and the exceedance rates of chemical toxicant post were the lowest,only 2.4%. There were statistically significant differences in the exceedance rates of dust（χ²=61.13,P<0.01）,chemical toxicants（χ²=22.923,P<0.01） and noise（χ²=35.273,P<0.01） across different industries. The industry with the highest rate of dust concentration exceeding the standard was non-metallic mineral products industry,which was 26.9%. The industry with the highest rate of chemical poison concentration exceeding the standard was the metal products industry,which was 6.7%. The industry with the highest rate of noise intensity exceeding the standard was general equipment manufacturing,which was 24.1%. Among the 12 industries,there were 11 industries of dust hazards,the highest rate of exceedance was silica dust（22.3%）,and the industry with the highest exceedance rate was the general equipment manufacturing industry,with an exceedance rate of 47.1%. There were also 11 industries of harmful chemicals,and the differences between the detection rate and the exceedance rate were statistically significant（χ²=64.719,31.455,both P<0.01）. Manganese and its inorganic compounds had the highest detection rate and exceedance rate,which were 74.8% and 7.8%,respectively. Conclusion The occupational hazards that Sichuan Province's manufacturing industry should pay attention to are noise,silica dust,manganese and its inorganic compounds. Employers need to pay attention to the rationality of the installation of protective facilities,and gradually improve the intelligent rate of processes and equipment,so as to reduce occupational exposure of workers

Study on numerical simulation of dust diffusion during polishing of copper alloy

WANG Luyang, YANG Bin, BI Mingli, WANG Xiaoshun, CHEN Zhenfang, DING Xiaowen

2025, 41(17):  2310-2317. 

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Objective To study the dust diffusion law of copper alloy workpiece polishing operation in a mechanical manufacturing enterprise in Beijing,analyze the effectiveness of existing ventilation facilities,and to provide theoretical support for occupational health engineering governance. Methods In February 2024,based on the bi-directional coupling discrete phase model,the diffusion characteristics of copper alloy dust in the polishing workshop of a machinery manufacturing enterprise were simulated by numerical simulation software,and the differences between the measured values and the simulated values were analyzed and compared. Results The total number of mesh in the 3D model was 1.136×10⁶ million,and the average mesh quality was 0.84. The air flow effect was affected by the air flow generated by dust diffusion,doors and windows,and the equipment layout in the workshop,and the wind speed at the personnel operating position was about 0.04-0.06 m/s. The maximum concentration of dust on the working surface of the polishing table was 50 mg/m³,and the dust concentration decreased with the increase of the distance from the polishing table. The variation trend of the measured values was basically consistent with that of the simulated values,and the deviation range was -5.64%-10.63%. Conclusion The dust in the polishing workshop mainly accumulates around the polishing table and in the corner eddy current area,among which the dust on the north side of the polishing table overlaps with the breathing belt of the operator. It is difficult to control dust effectively under the existing ventilation conditions,and priority should be given to the mobile local exhaust system. If a fixed local exhaust system is set up,the influence of eddy current and countercurrent area should be considered.

Analysis of occupational fatigue status and influencing factors of railway construction population in plateau

BAI Yanbiao, CI Song

2025, 41(17):  2318-2321. 

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Objective To analyze the current status of occupational fatigue and its influencing factors among the construction population of a railway in the plateau,and provide reference for the formulation of intervention measures. Methods From July to August 2022,a convenient sampling method was used to conduct a field questionnaire survey on a railway construction population in a plateau area. The fatigue scale-14（FS-14） was employed to assess the current state of occupational fatigue,and t-tests and ANOVA were used to compare the differences in occupational fatigue among different demographic groups. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the factors influencing fatigue. Results The total score of occupational fatigue was （3.93±3.48）points,with 77 cases of occupational fatigue,accounting for 22.7%. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that education level,plateau life experience,plateau adaptation,plateau life troubles,self-rated physical health,and subjective sleep quality were significant factors affecting occupational fatigue in the plateau railway construction population（all P<0.01）. For every unit increased in self-rated physical health deterioration,the occupational fatigue score was expected to increase by 1.164 points. For every unit increased in subjective sleep quality,the occupational fatigue score was expected to decrease by 1.141 points. For every unit increased in plateau life troubles,the occupational fatigue score was expected to decrease by 0.725 points. For every unit increased in plateau life experience,the occupational fatigue score was expected to increase by 0.611 points. And for every level increased in education level,the occupational fatigue score was expected to increase by 0.407 points. Conclusion The state of occupational fatigue among the railway construction population in the plateau area should not be overlooked,and there is an urgent need for society to pay attention to the occupational health of railway construction workers,to establish and improve the occupational health security system in plateau areas,effectively reduce occupational fatigue and other health risk factors,and ensure the occupational life quality of the railway construction population in the plateau.

Mediating role of psychological capital in the perception of decent work and occupational burnout among oncology nurses

GUO Xuan, PAN Xiaojia, FAN Yidan, HUANG Baoxin, TIAN Xia, LIN Xuemei

2025, 41(17):  2322-2327. 

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Objective To understand the current situation of perceived decent work,psychological capital,and occupational burnout among oncology nurses of grade-A tertiary comprehensive hospitals in Guangzhou,and to explore the mediating role of psychological capital between the perception of decent work and job burnout. Methods From January to March 2024,a purposive sampling method was used to investigate 178 oncology nurses from six grade-A tertiary comprehensive hospitals in Guangzhou City using the decent work perception scale,psychological capital scale and occupational burnout scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The scores of decent work perception,psychological capital,and job burnout of oncology nurses were （52.48±11.32）,（91.12±15.84） and （62.24±12.52）points,respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the decent work perception scores among oncology nurses with different age,professional title,years of work experience,average monthly total income,average monthly night shifts,and marital status（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the psychological capital scores among oncology nurses with different age,professional title,years of work experience,average monthly total income,and marital status（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the job burnout scores among oncology nurses with different gender,age,professional title,years of work experience,average monthly total income,average monthly night shifts and marital status（all P<0.05）. The higher the score of decent work perception of oncology nurses,the lower their level of job burnout（r=-0.536,P<0.01）. The higher the score of psychological capital of oncology nurses,the lower their level of job burnout（r=-0.612, P<0.01）. The higher the score of decent work perception of oncology nurses,the higher their level of psychological capital（r=0.528,P<0.01）. Psychological capital played a mediating role between decent work perception and job burnout among oncology nurses,and the mediating effect value was -0.240,accounting for 41.24% of the total effect. Conclusion The perception of decent work,psychological capital,and occupational burnout among oncology nurses in six grade-A tertiary comprehensive hospitals in Guangzhou are all at a high level. The psychological capital of oncology nurses plays a partial mediating role between the perception of decent work and occupational burnout. Improving the psychological capital of oncology nurses can enhance their perception of decent work and further reduce the level of occupational burnout.

Determination of elemental impurities in magnesium chloride pharmaceutical excipient by ICP-MS

KONG Xuan

2025, 41(17):  2328-2331. 

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Objective To establish an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ICP-MS） method for the determination of 10 elemental impurities,including lead（Pb）,arsenic（As）,mercury（Hg）,cadmium（Cd）,cobalt（Co）,vanadium（V）,nickel（Ni）,lithium（Li）,antimony（Sb）,and copper（Cu）,in magnesium chloride pharmaceutical excipient（for injection）. Methods With rhodium（Rh）,bismuth（Bi）,and scandium（Sc） as internal standards,the matrix effect and signal drift were corrected by adding internal standards elements on-line,the contents of 10 elemental impurities were determined by standard curve method using the kinetic energy discrimination（KED） collision model combined with the standard model. Results The response values of each tested element showed a good linear relationship with their mass concentration（r≥0.999 2）. The average recovery rates of high,medium,and low levels were 72.7%-108.9%,with relative standard deviation（RSD）（n=9）<20.0%,and the RSD of the repeatability and intermediate precision test were <20.0%（n=6） and <25.0%（n=12）. The detected concentration and quantitative concentration were both much lower than 30% of the limit specified in Guideline for elemental impurities Q3D announced by international conference on harmonization（ICH）. The test results of 10 batches of samples from 3 manufacturers did not exceed the limit value,except that Li element has certain risk and should be controlled,other elements have low safety risk. Conclusion The established method has been validated to have high specificity,high sensitivity,system applicability that meets requirements,good accuracy and precision,and can be used to determine 10 kinds of elemental impurities in magnesium chloride.

Investigation on Burkholderia gladioli contamination in foods

LI Feng, YANG Hui, HONG Minli, JIN Yujuan, XU Liqing, LIU Jinming

2025, 41(17):  2332-2336. 

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Objective To investigate the contamination of Burkholderia galdioli in six food samples,namely,wet wide rice noodles,wet rice noodles,wet white fungus,dried white fungus,wet wood ear,and dried wood ear,collected from Longgang District of Shenzhen City,and to explore the distribution of the contamination. Methods From April to October 2023,a total of 103 samples were randomly collected from supermarkets and farmers' markets located in Longgang District of Shenzhen. Bacterial isolation and identification procedures were conducted in strict accordance with GB 4789.29-2020 "National food safety standard,Food microbiological examination,Burkholderia galdioli（Pseudomonas cocovenenans subsp. farinofermentans）". Real-time fluorescence PCR was employed to detect the toxin-producing bon gene of Pseudomonas cocovenenans subsp. farinofermentans. Furthermore,the detection of bongkrekic acid in the samples was performed in accordance with GB 5009.189-2023 "National food safety standard,Determination of bongkrekic acid in food". Results A total of thirty-eight strains of Burkholderia galdioli were cultured from 103 samples,with a positive rate of 33.98%,three of which were specifically identified as the subspecies Pseudomonas cocovenenans subsp. Farinofermentans,with a positive rate of 2.91%. Conclusion Burkholderia galdioli（Pseudomonas cocovenenans subsp. farinofermentans） was detected in wet rice noodles and dried wood ear samples,indicating that there was a risk of contamination in wet rice noodles and dried wood ear by Burkholderia galdioli（Pseudomonas cocovenenans subsp. farinofermentans） in Longgang District of Shenzhen. To minimize or eliminate the potential hazards associated with this risk,relevant departments should strengthen their supervision of food safety and ensure the protection of public health and dietary safety.

Analysis of pesticide residue monitoring results in fruits and vegetables sold in Dehong Prefecture from 2014 to 2022

YANG Wenxue, WU Wenyu, SHANG Zhengji, LUO Dingfu, MAO Limei, CHEN Faqing

2025, 41(17):  2337-2341. 

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Objective To understand the situation of pesticide residue in fruits and vegetables sold in Dehong region,and provide scientific basis for guaranteeing the safety of fruits and vegetables food in Dehong Prefecture Methods According to the requirements of the National Food Risk Monitoring Program from 2014 to 2022,samples were randomly collected and the content of 81 types of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables was detected using the relevant methods in the "National Food Chemical Contaminants and Harmful Factors Monitoring Work Manual",and the results were determined based on GB 2763-2016 "Maximum Residue Limits of Pesticides in Foods". Results A total of 230 pieces of fruits and vegetables were tested,5 527 pieces of data were obtained,and 7 samples of vegetables and fruits were detected to have exceeded the standard,with an exceeding rate of 3.04%,and the pesticide residues were mainly organophosphorus and carbamate. 77 samples and 36 types of pesticide residues were detected,with a detection rate of 33.48%,the higher detection rates of pesticide residues were acetamiprid（15.63%） and Thiamethoxam（25.00%）. The detection rate of different types of pesticide residues were fungicides>plant growth regulators>insecticides and acaricides. Among them,lettuce,leek,cowpea and celery were the vegetables with high residues,and fungicide residues were higher in grapes and blueberries in fruits. Bifenthrin,allylmorpholine,tebuconazole,and phenotrimethoxazole were the types of pesticides commonly used in Dehong. Conclusion The results of pesticide residue monitoring in vegetables and fruits in Dehong State are not very satisfactory and there are cases of pesticide misuse. The government should strengthen pesticide regulation and monitoring,and publicize and popularize the knowledge and use of pesticides,which is a guarantee for the dietary safety of the people in the state.

Analysis of the mediating effect of the job prosperity on work values and innovation performance of nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals in Tianjin

LI Yibei, WANG Zixuan, YANG Shaohua, ZHANG Yajin, CHEN Zhipeng, JIN Yi

2025, 41(17):  2342-2346. 

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Objective To understand the correlation between innovative performance,job prosperity,and work values of nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals in Tianjin,analyze the mediating effect of job prosperity on innovative performance and work values,and provide reference for constructing intervention plans to improve nurses' innovative performance. Methods From February to May 2024,a convenience sampling method was used to select 511 nurses from grade-A tertiary hospitals in Tianjin. A questionnaire survey was conducted using a general information questionnaire,a work values scale,a job prosperity scale,and an innovation performance scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The total scores for innovative performance,work values,and job prosperity of nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals in Tianjin were （44.73±10.92）,（86.89±12.45） and （35.89±5.79）points,respectively. The total score of innovation performance was positively correlated with the total scores of work values and job prosperity（r=0.470, 0.663,both P<0.01）. The mediating effect of job prosperity between the two was 0.217,accounting for 55.36% of the total effect（P<0.01）. Conclusion The innovation performance,work values,and job prosperity of nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals in Tianjin are all at a medium to high level,with some room for improvement,and job prosperity plays a partial mediating role between the two. Managers can stimulate nurses' job prosperity status,establish innovative,progressive,friendly,and diligent work values,and at the same time stimulate innovation enthusiasm in clinical practice,encourage nurses to engage in innovative performance behavior,and promote the high-quality development of clinical nursing.

Mediating role of recovery experience in the impact of workplace communication pressure on work life balance among dermatological nurses

WU Zhihua, LIU Lijuan, LI Xiuyue, JIN Di, GAO San, PENG Qingyun

2025, 41(17):  2347-2351. 

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Objective To understand the current status of work life balance among dermatological nurses and explore the mediating role of recovery experience in the impact of workplace communication pressure on work life balance among dermatological nurses. Methods From June to August 2024,a convenience sampling method was used to select 184 dermatological nurses from 12 grade-A tertiary hospitals in Hubei Province as the survey subjects. The workplace communication stress scale,recovery experience scale,and work life balance scale were used for investigation and analysis. Results The score of workplace communication stress for dermatological nurses was （23.14±4.82）points,the score of recovery experience was （56.83±9.74）points,and the score of work life balance was （59.47±10.28）points. The results of univariate analysis showed that age,professional title,years of work experience, personal monthly income,weekly working hours,and marital status were the influencing factors of workplace communication pressure and work life balance among dermatological nurses（all P<0.05）. Age,years of work experience,personal monthly income, weekly working hours,and marital status were the influencing factors of recovery experience among dermatological nurses（all P<0.05）. There was a negative correlation between workplace communication stress and work life balance among dermatological nurses（r= -0.494,P<0.01）,and a positive correlation between recovery experience and work life balance（r=0.488,P<0.01）. Workplace communication stress was negatively correlated with recovery experience（r=-0.584,P<0.01）. There was a mediating effect of recovery experience between workplace communication stress and work life balance among dermatological nurses,with a mediating effect of -0.294,accounting for 51.94% of the total effect. Conclusion Recovery experience partially mediates the relationship between workplace communication stress and work life balance among dermatological nurses. Nursing managers can improve the work life balance of dermatological nurses by increasing the level of recovery experience and reducing the level of communication stress in the workplace.

Latent profile analysis on the operating room nurses' emotion regulation strategies and the association with psychological flexibility

SUN Xiangzhi, HU Rong, QIN Lumei, MIAO Yanmei, CHEN Guilan

2025, 41(17):  2352-2357. 

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Objective To understand the latent categories of emotion regulation strategies among operating room nurses,analyze the influencing factors of different categories,and explore the relationship between different categories of emotion regulation strategies and psychological flexibility,so as to provide reference for nursing managers to formulate personalized emotion regulation intervention measures. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select 403 operating room nurses from 13 tertiary public hospitals in Guizhou Province from November 2023 to April 2024,and the general information questionnaire,simplified multidimensional psychological flexibility scale,and emotion regulation questionnaire were used to survey the operating room nurses,and the data were analyzed. Results Three latent categories of emotion regulation strategies existed for operating room nurses：moderate suppression-moderate reappraisal（57.6%）,high suppression-high reappraisal（26.3%） and low suppression-high reappraisal（16.1%）. Gender,whether you like the operating room nursing,and the frequency of monthly night shifts were the main influences on the latent categories of emotion regulation among operating room nurses（all P<0.05）. The differences in psychological flexibility scores of operating room nurses in different latent categories of emotional regulation were statistically significant（all P<0.01）. The highest psychological flexibility scores of operating room nurses were found in the low suppression-high reappraisal group[（59.88±9.27）points],followed by the high suppression-high reappraisal group[（53.08±8.21）points],and the lowest in the moderate suppression-moderate reappraisal group[（45.64±8.36）points]. Conclusion Heterogeneity exists in the emotion regulation strategies of operating room nurses,and nursing management staff should formulate precise interventions to improve the emotion regulation ability of operating room nurses according to the characteristics of different emotion regulation strategies,and then promote the psychological health of operating room nurses.

Current status of work-related quality of life of nurses in emergency department of grade-A tertiary hospitals and its correlation with multi-factor leadership and implicit followership

WU Jinlin, WANG Ying, JING Xingcao

2025, 41(17):  2358-2363. 

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Objective To understand the current situation and correlation of multi-factor leadership,implicit followership and work-related quality of life of emergency nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals,and to analyze the influence of multi-factor leadership and implicit followership on work-related quality of life,and provide theoretical reference for improving nurses' work-related quality of life. Methods From February to March 2024,326 emergency nurses from 6 grade-A tertiary hospitals in Mianyang City were selected as the survey subjects by using the convenience sampling method. The work-related quality of life scale,multi-factor leadership scale and implicit follow-up scale were used to investigate 326 emergency nurses. Results The score of work-related quality of life of 326 emergency nurses was （106.97±20.61）points,the score of multi-factor leadership was （95.89±15.36）points,and the implicit follow-up score was （81.11±17.97）points. Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the scores of work-related quality of life among emergency nurses with different education background,working years in emergency department,night shift rotation,average weekly overtime,average monthly income,perceived team atmosphere,social support level and work-family conflict（all P<0.05）. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the work-related quality of life of emergency nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals was positively correlated with the scores of multi-factor leadership（r=0.257-0.746,all P<0.05）,and positively correlated with the scores of implicit followership（r=0.258-0.694,all P<0.05）. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that night shift rotation,average monthly income,team atmosphere,work-family conflict,multi-factor leadership and implicit followership were the main influencing factors of work-related quality of life of nurses in emergency department,among which multi-factor leadership and implicit followership had significant predictive effect（β=-0.459,0.421,both P<0.05）,which independently explained 57.0% of the influencing factors of work-related quality of life. Conclusion The work-related quality of life of emergency nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals is at a medium level,and multi-factor leadership and implicit follow-up are important influencing factors. Nursing managers should pay attention to the work-related quality of life of nurses in emergency department,improve the leadership and implicit follow-up of managers,so as to improve the work-related quality of life of nurses.

Analysis of vaccine preventable disease antibody levels and influencing factors in children aged ≤7 years in Tacheng area of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in 2023

Halimubieke Nazhaerbieke, Jiamila Zhamanbieke, Kumusihan Kayimadan, Paerhana, FU Wenhui, XIE Na

2025, 41(17):  2364-2369. 

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Objective To understand the immune levels of children aged ≤7 years old in Tacheng area of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,including measles,rubella,pertussis,diphtheria,tetanus and chickenpox,evaluate the effectiveness of immunization in the Tacheng area,and to provide reference for effective prevention and control of disease transmission and prevalence. Methods Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was used to detect the levels of IgG antibodies against measles,rubella,pertussis,diphtheria,tetanus and chickenpox,and the data were analyzed. Results The antibody positivity rates for six diseases in children aged ≤7 years old in Tacheng area were 98.14% for measles,97.87% for rubella,28.85% for chickenpox,92.61% for diphtheria,82.21% for tetanus,and 72.41% for pertussis,respectively. The antibody positivity rates among children showed statistically significant differences in factors such as different region,age group,and vaccination history（all P<0.05）,while there was no statistically significant difference in gender（P>0.05）. Age group,region and vaccination history were all influencing factors for antibody positivity against tetanus,pertussis,and chickenpox（all P<0.05）. Conclusion Children ≤7 years old in Tacheng area of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region have high immunity levels against measles,rubella and diphtheria,while their immunity levels against chickenpox,pertussis and tetanus are relatively low. Special attention should be paid to the outbreak and epidemic of pertussis and chickenpox,and efforts should be made to strengthen immunization and prevention among key populations and places,in order to improve the level of immunization and prevention among the population.

Time series analysis of meteorological factors and respiratory disease mortality in Yancheng City from 2017 to 2023

CAI Wei, WANG Rui, ZHAO Peng, LIANG Ji, WU Lingling, LIU Fudong

2025, 41(17):  2370-2377. 

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Objective To analyze the impact of environmental temperature on daily respiratory disease mortality in Yancheng City,and provide evidence for reducing population mortality risk. Methods Meteorological data and respiratory disease mortality data for the population in Yancheng City from 2017 to 2023 were collected. The distributed lag non-linear model（DLNM） in R software was used to analyze the time-lagged effects and attributable risks of daily average temperature on respiratory disease mortality. Results From 2017 to 2023,the exposure-response curve between environmental temperature and daily respiratory disease mortality in Yancheng City showed an inverted "J" shape,with the optimal temperature at 24 ℃. Both low and high temperatures increased the risk of death,with high temperatures exhibiting acute effects and a shorter lag duration,while low temperatures had a slower onset and a longer lag duration. For the population with respiratory diseases,exposure to extreme low temperature（-1 ℃） began to show a cold effect after a 2-day lag,the relative risk（RR） was 1.12（95%CI：1.06-1.19）,and the lag effect persisted. Exposure to extreme high temperature（30 ℃） showed a heat effect on the day of exposure,with an RR of 1.22（95%CI：1.14-1.30）,and the lag effect lasted for 3 days. For the 0-<65 years age group,the cold effect appeared after a 5-day lag,lasting for 5 days,and the heat effect appeared after a 1-day lag and lasted for 3 days. The higher the daily average temperature on the day of exposure,the greater the cumulative mortality risk for the population with respiratory diseases,with a cumulative maximum risk RR of 1.50（95%CI：1.31-1.72）. In the 0-3 day lag period,the higher the daily average temperature above the optimal temperature,the greater the cumulative mortality risk,with a cumulative maximum risk RR of 2.61（95%CI：2.24-3.04）. The maximum cumulative risk in the 0-7 day lag period occurred at the highest temperature,with an RR of 2.79（95%CI：2.33-3.33）. The maximum cumulative risk in the 0-14 day lag period occurred at the lowest temperature,with an RR of 4.92（95%CI：3.03-7.99）. The maximum cumulative risk in the 0-21 day lag period also occurred at the lowest temperature,with an RR of 7.35（95%CI：3.98-13.58）. Exposure to extreme low temperature（-1 ℃） over the 0-21 day lag period showed the maximum cold effect,with an RR of 4.49（95%CI：3.45-6.65）. Exposure to extreme high temperature（30 ℃） over the 0-7 day lag period showed the maximum cumulative heat effect,with an RR of 1.54（95%CI：1.42-1.68）. The cumulative heat effect of the 0-<65 age group exposed to extreme high temperatures（30 ℃） for 0-7 days was the greatest,with an RR of 2.13（95%CI：1.38-3.26）. The attributable fraction of deaths due to environmental temperature exposure was 44.10%,with 28 683 attributed deaths. Among these,the attributable fraction of deaths due to low temperature exposure was 4.92%,with 3 202 attributed deaths,and the attributable fraction of deaths due to high temperature exposure was 1.73%,with 1 123 attributed deaths. The cumulative attributable risk of both low and high temperature exposures was relatively low. Conclusion From 2017 to 2023,environmental temperature in Yancheng City had a lagged effect on daily respiratory disease mortality. Early monitoring and warning for high-risk populations should be implemented to reduce the impact of environmental temperature changes on population mortality risk.

Health risk assessment of 17 chemical substances in drinking water in Huai'an City in 2022

YANG Juan, WANG Qi, CHEN Xiaomin, CHEN Guocai, LUO Shancai, ZHANG Wen

2025, 41(17):  2378-2381. 

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Objective To understand the content of 17 chemical substances such as arsenic and cadmium in the drinking water in Huai'an City in 2022,and evaluate their potential risks to human health through drinking water routes. Methods Totally 825 drinking water samples were collected from various counties and districts in Huai'an City in 2022. The health risk assessment model recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency was used to evaluate the health risks of 17 chemical substances. T-test was used to compare the health risks differences of 17 chemical substances in different types of drinking water. Results The qualified rates of 17 chemicals in drinking water in Huai'an City were 100%,in which mercury and volatile phenols were not detected. The carcinogenic risks of cadmium,hexavalent chromium,arsenic,trichloromethane and carbon tetrachloride in drinking water were 9.14×10^-7/a,8.74×10^-7/a,7.40×10^-7/a,2.66×10^-7/a,2.87×10^-9/a,respectively,and the cumulative carcinogenic risk value was 2.80×10^-6/a,which was within an acceptable range. The non-carcinogenic risks of chemicals substances in drinking water,from high to low,were fluoride,nitrate nitrogen,lead,mercury,copper,selenium,ammonia nitrogen,iron,zinc,cyanide,manganese,and volatile phenols,which were 4.89×10^-9/a,4.75×10^-10/a,4.27×10^-10/a,7.87×10^-11/a,4.30×10^-11/a,2.48×10^-11/a,2.15×10^-11/a, 2.00×10^-11/a,1.67×10^-11/a,1.43×10^-11/a,1.30×10^-11/a,1.57×10^-12/a,respectively,and the cumulative non-carcinogenic risk value was 6.03×10^-9/a,which was a negligible level. The carcinogenic risk of 5 chemicals（including cadmium,hexavalent chromium,arsenic,trichloromethane,and carbon tetrachloride） and the non-carcinogenic risk of 5 chemicals（including selenium,fluoride,iron,manganese and copper） were higher in wet season than in dry season（all P<0.05）. The carcinogenic risk of arsenic and trichloromethane and the non-carcinogenic risk of selenium and zinc in finished water,were lower than that of tap water（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The carcinogenic risk caused by the exposure of 5 chemical substances in drinking water through the water route in Huai'an City in 2022 was in acceptable range,which needs high attention. Among them,cadmium and hexavalent chromium were the main chemical substances of health risk in drinking water in Huai'an,and the non-carcinogenic risk caused by the exposure of 12 chemical substances was at a negligible level.

Analysis of the current situation and influencing factors of imposter phenomenon among undergraduate medical students

WANG Jing, QIANG Wanmin, GUO Fengli, ZHANG Zhongning, LI Mingze, QI Weifang

2025, 41(17):  2382-2386. 

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Objective To investigate the current situation of imposter phenomenon among undergraduate medical students and analyze its influencing factors. Methods From March to April 2024,a convenience sampling method was used to select 436 undergraduate students majoring in clinical medicine and nursing from two medical schools in Beijing and Tianjin. The survey was conducted using a general information questionnaire,a Clance impostor phenomenon scale,an academic resilience scale,and a general self-efficacy scale. Results The imposter phenomenon score among 436 undergraduate medical students was （55.64±13.42）points. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the factors influencing the imposter phenomenon of undergraduate medical students were their major,reasons for choosing a medical major upon enrollment,academic resilience,and general self-efficacy（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The imposter phenomenon of medical undergraduate students is at a moderate to high level,which is influenced by their major,reasons for choosing a medical major upon enrollment,academic resilience,and general self-efficacy. In the future,medical educators should take corresponding measures to reduce the imposter phenomenon of medical undergraduate students.

Analysis of the mediating effect of medical students' sense of agency on emotional awareness and subthreshold depression in Gui'an New District,Guiyang City

GAO Lin, PENG Dan

2025, 41(17):  2387-2391. 

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Objective To investigate the current status of emotional awareness,subliminal depression,and sense of agency among medical students,and to analyze the relationship between emotional awareness and subliminal depression among medical students,as well as the mediating role of sense of agency. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to select 1 320 medical students from a medical university in Gui'an New District,Guiyang City in March 2024. A questionnaire survey was conducted using the subthreshold depression scale（STDS）,trait meta mood scale（TMMS）,and sense of agency Scale（SoAS）,and the data were analyzed. Results The number of medical students with subthreshold depression was 419,with a detection rate of 31.742% and an average score of （66.361±8.055）points. The average score of the SoAS was （42.110±5.993）points. The average score of the TMMS was （80.502±17.858）points. The subthreshold depression level in boys was significantly lower than that in girls（t=-2.893,P<0.05）. The subthreshold depression level of only children was significantly lower than that of non-only children（t=-0.612,P<0.05）. The levels of emotional awareness and sense of agency among medical students from rural areas were significantly lower than those in towns and cities（F=16.473,11.704,both P<0.01）,the subthreshold depression score was significantly higher in rural areas than in urban areas（F=12.756,P<0.01）. The higher the cost of living,the higher the level of emotional awareness and sense of agency（F=7.149,6.064,both P<0.01）,and the lower the level of subthreshold depression（F=4.067,P<0.05）. Emotional awareness（r=-0.603, P<0.01）,sense of agency（r=-0.541,P<0.01）,place of origin（r=-0.138,P<0.01）,and living expenses（r=-0.088,P<0.01） were significantly negatively correlated with subthreshold depression,while gender was significantly positively correlated with subthreshold depression（r=0.082,P<0.01）. Emotional awareness（r=0.582,P<0.01）,place of origin（r=0.129,P<0.01） and living expenses（r=0.116,P<0.01） were significantly positively correlated with sense of agency. The place of origin（r=0.156,P<0.01） and living expenses（r=0.119,P<0.01） were significantly positively correlated with emotional awareness. Conclusion After controlling for demographic variables,emotional awareness significantly negatively predicts the subthreshold depression level of medical students. The sense of agency partially mediates the relationship between emotional awareness and subliminal depression.

Analysis of research hotspots on aflatoxins in domestic grain based on CiteSpace

Gulimina Alimu, YANG Xueli, HAO Ruonan, LI Fang

2025, 41(17):  2392-2397. 

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Objective To analyze the relevant literature on aflatoxin in domestic grain published in China Knowledge Network（CNKI） in recent years,to show the research hotspots and frontiers in this field,and provide directions for future research. Methods Retrieve literature related to aflatoxin in grains collected in the CNKI database over the past 30 years,and use CiteSpace software for visualization analysis of publication volume,authors,institutions,keyword co-occurrence,clustering,and highlighting. Results A total of 318 articles were included,and the overall publication volume showed an upward trend,reaching its peak in 2019. The author with the highest publication volume was Songxue Wang. The authors and institutions involved in the research collaborated closely,forming a core group of authors in the field of research on aflatoxin in grains,and most of the research institutions were universities and research institutes. Eleven keywords were identified,including fungal toxins,grains,cereals,detection methods,and prevention. The detection methods were diverse,with chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay being the main methods. The harm of aflatoxin mainly affected the liver. The main clustering included 11 keywords such as fungal toxins and grains,and the main emerging words included aflatoxin,food safety,food,toxins,and 25 others. Conclusion The field of research on aflatoxin in grains in China is currently in the development stage,and aflatoxin is a research hotspot. It threatens food security and is polluted severely and widely. The future detection methods for aflatoxins need to be improved to be fast,simple,and low-cost. The key to reducing pollution and loss is to implement full chain control strategy,which is of great significance for safeguarding national food security and people's health.

Health Management and Research

Exploration of the long-term incentive mechanism for the construction of healthy enterprises in Shanghai Chemical Industry Park

WU Yushan, LIU Pengwei, PENG Xiaoli, JIA Xiaodong

2025, 41(17):  2398-2403. 

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Objective To analyze the influencing factors of the construction of healthy enterprises and health parks in Shanghai Chemical Industry Park,explore the long-term incentive mechanism for the construction of healthy enterprise,and effectively promote the construction of healthy enterprises and health parks. Methods In July 2023,a survey questionnaire was distributed to enterprises within the park through the WeChat platform,and the data were analyzed. Results The survey results of 2 084 valid questionnaires indicated that the main factors limiting the construction of health enterprises were place,capital and personnel,the comprehensive proportion was 64.491%,62.140% and 58.445%,respectively,and enterprises hoped that the park could provide health activity venues,obtain support from financial security policies and personnel professional quality improvement. The main preferences of surveyed employees were to improve the pay and leave,communication platform or channel and commercial insurance incentives,and there were statistically significant differences among different positions in commercial insurance,professional title evaluation priority,pay and leave,awards and honors,and continuing education funds（all P<0.05）. Enterprises of different scales mainly preferred incentive policies in terms of tax breaks,financial security incentives and bonuses,and there was a statistically significant difference in the depression of work-related injury insurance premium（P<0.05）. Conclusion Employees in Shanghai Chemical Industry Park are generally pay attention to the construction of healthy enterprises. However,there are still difficulties and blocked points in the construction of healthy enterprises and health parks. Through advocating full participation in health promotion,strengthening technical service support,optimizing employee incentive mechanism,improving enterprise incentive policy system,and increasing assistance to micro,small and medium-sized enterprises,integrate the construction of healthy enterprises and health parks with the development of enterprises,personal development and employees' sense of gain,effectively promote the smooth development of the construction of healthy enterprises and health parks,and realize the effective promotion of the long-term mechanism.

Analysis of the current status of health local standards in Tianjin

SONG Wang, BAI Qian, ZHOU Yi, LIU Lin, YU Fangqing, CHANG Cheng

2025, 41(17):  2404-2408. 

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Objective To analyze the development status of health local standards in Tianjin and provide data support for improving the management of local health standards in Tianjin. Methods Data of Tianjin's health local standards were collected from the "National Standards Information Public Service Platform" followed by collation and analysis. Results As of April 20,2025,Tianjin had issued 61 health local standards,including 52 current local standards and 4 regional collaborative standards for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. In 2018,the highest number were formulated and released,accounting for 24.6%. A total of 69 institutions participated as primary drafting units,with the Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention participated in 41 standard development projects. The local standards of public health services were dominated,among which the standards of disease prevention and control accounted for 29.51%,the standards of occupational health accounted for 19.67%,and the local standards of medical and health services were relatively limited. Among the current local health standards,51.92% exhibited an aging period exceeding 5 years. Conclusion It is recommended to strengthen the planning of the health standard system,continuously and orderly increase the supply of health local standards,especially the supply of healthcare service local standards,promote the construction of standardized professional organizations system,timely advance the review and revision of health local standards,further deepen the collaboration mechanism of health standards in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,and strengthen publicity and training on standards.

Analysis on equity of health resource allocation in Jiangsu Province from 2018 to 2022

WANG Zengqi, MA Yuqin

2025, 41(17):  2409-2414. 

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Objective To analyze the equity of health resource allocation in Jiangsu Province from 2018 to 2022,and to provide reference for optimizing health resource allocation in Jiangsu Province. Methods Gini coefficient,agglomeration degree and Moreland index were used to comprehensively evaluate the equity of health resources allocation in Jiangsu Province from 2018 to 2022 from three aspects：overall equity,regional differences and spatial distribution characteristics. Results In 2022,the Gini coefficient of all kinds of health resources allocated by population in Jiangsu Province was <0.2. The Gini coefficient of the number of health institutions based on land area was 0.19,the Gini coefficient of the number of health personnel and the number of beds based on land area was between 0.2 and 0.3,and the Gini coefficient of the total health expenditure based on land area had reached the warning value. Health human,material and financial resources in Jiangsu Province were relatively concentrated in the southern Jiangsu region,and the concentration of health institutions in the northern Jiangsu region was relatively higher,and the regional differences tended to decrease. The number of health institutions in the northern Jiangsu region showed a high-high clustering distribution from 2018 to 2022,and the total health expenditure in the northern Jiangsu region showed a low-low clustering distribution in 2018 and 2019. Conclusion There are regional differences in the allocation of health resources in Jiangsu Province,and the overall fairness is developing well. It is suggested to increase the investment in health resources and policy tilt in the northern Jiangsu region,strengthen the radiation role of Xuzhou City to the surrounding cities,and echo the provincial capital Nanjing to form a North-South dual center pattern.

Investigation on the current situation of science popularization ability and training needs of medical staff in a district of Tianjin

YAN Dongbei, ZENG Jinjie, LI Lanquan, YANG Chunhong, LI Qi

2025, 41(17):  2415-2418. 

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Objective To understand the current cognitive status of health science popularization among medical staff in a certain district of Tianjin and the influencing factors of their participation in science popularization work,analyze their training needs,and propose suggestions to enhance their science popularization capabilities. Methods By using random sampling method,340 medical personnel from a district in Tianjin from July to August 2024 were selected as the survey subjects. A self-designed health science popularization cognition survey questionnaire was used,and data collection and analysis were completed through the Wenjuanxing platform,and the data were analyzed. Results In terms of the implementation status of science popularization among 340 medical personnel,228（67.06%） medical personnel had participated in science popularization activities in the past five years. The top three science popularization targets were 186 general public（54.71%）,176 outpatient or inpatient patients（51.76%）,and 136 patient family members（40%）. Totally 205 people（60.29%） consulted through free clinics,122 people（35.88%） published science popularization articles through new media,90 people（26.47%） produced short videos,and 70 people（20.59%） published science popularization articles through traditional media. In terms of willingness and influencing factors for science popularization：90.29% of the respondents expressed willingness to participate in science popularization work,mainly motivated by recognizing the value of science popularization（85.29%）,promoting doctor-patient communication（72.94%）,and valuing science popularization work in their units（44.41%）. In terms of demand for science popularization training：265 people（77.94%） with "suitable content",211 people（62.06%） were engaged in "article writing and editing",189 people（55.59%） were involved in video production,74 people（21.76%） participated in legal policy lectures. In terms of training format：229 people（67.35%） received offline training,225 people（66.18%） in online format,161 people（47.35%） in the form of professional books,158 people（46.47%） exchanged experiences. The problems in science popularization included uneven attention from leaders of various units,uneven implementation of science popularization work（55.88%）,and lack of review of science popularization content（55.88%）. In terms of incentive measures,66.76% of medical staff suggested improving the system,and 43.82% of medical staff believed that science popularization work should be valued in performance evaluation and promotion. Conclusion Totally 340 medical staff generally attach importance to health science popularization work and have a high willingness to participate,but they need systematic training support. It is recommended to improve the health science popularization work system,standardize content management,establish training mechanisms and incentive mechanisms to enhance the enthusiasm of medical staff for participating in health science popularization work.

Investigation and Research

Monitoring of occupational disease hazards and health assessment in Ninghe District,Tianjin in 2023

LI Junguo

2025, 41(17):  2419-2424. 

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Objective Through the monitoring of occupational disease hazard factors in the workplaces of employers,to understand the current situation of occupational disease hazards in key industries in Ninghe District,Tianjin in 2023,analyze the distribution and concentration（intensity） levels of occupational disease hazard factors in the workplaces of employers of different scales,and provide technical support and basis to formulate occupational disease prevention and control strategies. Methods A total of 25 employers in key industries of Ninghe District were selected to conduct occupational hazard factors investigations and on-site monitoring,and the data were analyzed. Results All 25 employers were engaged in the manufacturing industry,with the majority being small and micro-sized enterprises accounting for 72.00%. A total of 11 765 people were exposed to three hazardous factors,namely dust,physical factors and chemical poisons,during the production and labor process. A total of 10 814 person-times actually underwent key occupational disease health examinations,with an overall actual examination rate of 91.92%. Among them,the actual examination rate for workers engaged in dust-related operations was 91.23%,that for those exposed to physical factors was 95.02% and that for those exposed to chemical poisons was 92.58%. A total of 369 workplaces were inspected,with an over-standard rate of 21.95%. For 302 job stations,the over-standard rate was 24.50%. Among them,there were 45 silica dust job stations exceeding the standard（with C_TWA>0.7 mg/m³）,with an over-standard rate of 56.25%;24 noise job stations exceeded the standard[with L_{EX.8 h}>85 dB（A）],with an over-standard rate of 24.00%;And 1 chemical toxicant job station exceeded the standard,with a relatively low over-standard rate of 1.37%. The hazards of silica dust operations were mainly concentrated in positions such as tank pouring,packaging,cleaning and casting. The hazards of noise operations were mainly concentrated in the ferrous metal smelting and rolling industry,as well as the metal and non-metal mineral products industry,mainly in positions such as furnace front,grinding,cleaning,casting,and material preparation. The differences in the over-standard rates of silica dust and noise hazard factors among different positions were statistically significant（P<0.05）. Conclusion In 2023,the employers with key occupational disease hazards in Ninghe District,Tianjin were manufacturing enterprises,mainly small,medium and micro-sized ones. The key occupational disease hazards to be prevented and controlled were dust and noise,and the two major occupational diseases to be focused on preventing and controlling were silicosis and noise-induced deafness. It is suggested that employers should further implement their main responsibility for occupational disease prevention and control,reduce the risk of occupational diseases,and protect the health of workers.

Overview

Current application status of digital empowerment in the management of elderly patients with chronic diseases

CHEN Chenlu,ZOU Xiaoyan,WANG Yanxi

2025, 41(17):  2425-2428. 

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Digital empowerment as a powerful tool for countries to address aging populations,has been widely used in the management of elderly chronic disease patients abroad,while China is still in the early stages of research in this area. In order to optimize the management of digital empowerment in elderly chronic disease patients,the article reviews the current applications and the issues and challenges it brings in the inpatient and outpatient self-management of elderly chronic disease patients both domestically and internationally. It points out three problems：lack of innovation in the concept of digital empowerment targets,lack of age-appropriate design in empowerment tools,and the need for structured empowerment processes and provides recommendations,aiming to provide a reference for the better application of digital empowerment in the management of elderly chronic diseases in China.

Application and prospect of plant DNA barcoding in food

REN Ruijuan, LIU Xiang, YUE Mingxiang, WANG Hongjiao, LI Yongfa

2025, 41(17):  2429-2433. 

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Several incidents on food adulteration were reported in recent times. Currently,China has not established appropriate standards to identify various food ingredients. However,in order to control food adulteration,various technologies such as spectrophotometer,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS）,high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）,and DNA barcoding have been developed. Among these techniques,DNA barcoding is a fast,accurate,efficient and non-targeted biotechnology advantage with the principle of using 400-800 bp long standardized unique DNA sequences to analyze and classify the food commodities. This article reviews the common plant DNA barcoding and their applications in identifying legumes,oils,medicinal and edible homologous,spices,berry beverages,health foods,etc.,laying the foundation for the wider application of this technology in setting standards for quality assurance,quality control and food safety for different food products.

Research progress on the economic evaluation of chickenpox and varicella vaccine

Gulijiayina Aiken, ZHOU Yiran, ZHANG Yuhang, CHEN Wei, YU Jing, LU Yaoqin

2025, 41(17):  2434-2438. 

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Chickenpox is highly contagious and prone to outbreaks,especially in children,and widely prevalent worldwide. As an effective means to prevent the onset of chickenpox,the economic evaluation of varicella vaccine is of great significance to guide vaccination strategies. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the epidemiological characteristics of varicella and to provide a general overview of the economic evaluation of varicella vaccines. At the same time,summarize the results of the current economic evaluation of varicella vaccine and points out the shortcomings,in order to provide a reference for the formulation of varicella vaccination strategy and related economic research in China.

Research progress on the concept,assessment tools and influencing factors of nurses' professional identity

YANG Qingqing, LIN Huihui, DU Jiani, WANG Sheng

2025, 41(17):  2439-2443. 

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"Professional identity" refers to the establishment of universally recognized values and goals for individuals engaged in a profession after a deep understanding of professional behavior. Related concepts such as professional self-concept,self-identity and social identity also need attention. This article reviews the domestic and international literature,summarizing the concepts,assessment tools and influencing factors of professional identity from different perspectives,such as nurses' personal perspective,the perspective of characteristics of the work environment,the social dimension and family conflicts. It is believed that further exploration of the connotation definition,formation mechanism,and social influence of professional identity should be carried out. A precise survey should be conducted on nurses in public hospitals,aiming to provide ideas for conducting an interventional research on professional identity of nurses in public hospitals in China.

Research progress of college students' proactive health behavior in infectious diseases

LU Danyan, YANG Yuhan, YAO Xinuo, CHEN Xiaoyu, WANG Weihong, ZHANG Qinghua

2025, 41(17):  2444-2448. 

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Currently,the global epidemiological trend of infectious diseases is both complex and volatile. Our country faces a wide variety of infectious diseases with a high rate of morbidity,some of which are displaying a trend towards younger age groups. The dense population and concentrated student activity environment in universities make it easy to spread various infectious diseases. Promoting proactive health behaviors among university students is crucial for preventing these diseases. However,research on proactive health behaviors specifically targeting infectious diseases among university students is scarce,and effective interventions are notably lacking. Based on this,this paper elucidates the concept and connotation of proactive health behaviors in infectious diseases,summarizes the current situation,influencing factors,and related intervention measures of proactive health behavior in infectious diseases among college students,aiming to provide reference for the development of intervention strategies for proactive health behavior in infectious diseases among college students in the future.