Table of Content

01 March 2023, Volume 39 Issue 5

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Treatise

Impact of air pollution and meteorological factors on different populations and acute and chronic respiratory diseases in Zhengzhou City

LIN Shan-shan, HE Hui-hui, JIA Rui, DU Juan, MA Ning-yi, LI Ya

2023, 39(5):  577-583. 

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Objective To explore the influence of air pollutants and meteorological factors on the outpatient visits of respiratory diseases in Zhengzhou City. Methods Based on the data of air pollutants and meteorological factors in Zhengzhou City from October 28,2013 to May 1,2018,the distributed lag non-linear models（DLNM） was used to analyze the exposure-lag effect between air pollutants,meteorological factors and outpatient visits of respiratory system,and the stratified analysis was conducted according to sex,age and acute and chronic respiratory diseases. Results Under the best lag day,for every 10 μg/m³ increase in CO,NO₂,SO₂,inhalable particulate matter（PM₁₀） and fine particulate matter（PM_2.5）,the relative risk（RR） value was 1.126（95%CI：1.011-1.254）,1.014（95%CI：1.011-1.018）,1.006（95%CI：1.002-1.010）,1.001（95%CI：1.000-1.002）,1.001（95%CI：1.000-1.001）,respectively. The atmospheric O₃ concentration had no significant effect on the number of outpatients. The low temperature and low relative humidity（RH） had a greater impact on the outpatient visits of respiratory diseases. The subgroup analysis showd,females were particularly vulnerable to PM_2.5,PM₁₀,SO₂,and NO₂,while CO had a greater impact on males. PM_2.5,PM₁₀,NO₂ and CO had a greater impact on population with chronic respiratory diseases,aged <19 years old and aged ≥60 years old. SO₂ had a greater impact on population with acute respiratory diseases,aged 19-<60 years old and aged ≥60 years old. The low temperature and low RH had a greater impact on females and people aged ≥60 years old. Conclusion The air pollutants and meteorological factors have a significant impact on the outpatient visits of respiratory diseases,and female and people aged <19 and ≥60 years old are more sensitive.

Study on occupational toughness and subjective career success and their relationship of 302 orthopedic nurses in Urumqi

GU Wen-chao, WANG Ting-ting

2023, 39(5):  584-588. 

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Objective To understand the status of occupational toughness and subjective occupational success of 302 orthopedic nurses in Urumqi,analyze their relationship. Methods From October 2021 to April 2022,302 orthopedic nurses from six grade-A tertiary hospitals in Urumqi were collected as the subject. The survey tools were general data questionnaire,occupational resilience scale and subjective occupational success scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of occupational toughness and subjective occupational success of 302 orthopedic nurses in Urumqi was（78.37±9.16） and（77.32±8.63）points respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the score of subjective occupational success among orthopedic nurses of different age,nurse level,whether he/she is a teacher,number of refresher courses or training（all P<0.05）. There was a positive correlation between occupational toughness and subjective occupational success scores（r=0.129,P<0.05）. The occupational toughness score explained 33.4% of the variation of subjective occupational success score（P<0.05）. Conclusions The occupational toughness level of 302 orthopedic nurses in Urumqi has a significant impact on their subjective career success,and the two promote each other and develop cooperatively. It is suggested that hospital managers should be fully aware of the influence of occupational toughness and subjective occupational success on the improvement of occupational health of orthopedic nurses,and construct an occupational health promotion environment according to the different characteristics of nurses,so as to improve the toughness of psychological resources of orthopedic nurses and the sense of value of obtaining occupational success.

Status and influencing factors of nutrition literacy of medical staff in grade-A tertiary hospitals of Wuhan City

ZHANG Yu-ting, WANG Zi-qiong, LIU Duan-ya, LIU Fang, WANG Chun-hong, YE Jing-ping

2023, 39(5):  589-592. 

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Objective To evaluate the nutrition literacy level and influencing factors of medical staff in grade-A tertiary hospitals of Wuhan City,provide reference for carrying out nutrition training,education and nutrition guidance for medical staff. Methods The convenience sampling method was adopted to conduct an online questionnaire survey among the medical staff in grade-A tertiary hospitals of Wuhan City,and the data were analyzed. Results The average score of nutrition literacy among 629 medical workers in grade-A tertiary hospitals of Wuhan City was （49.64±13.81）points,and the qualified rate was 24.0%. The qualified rate of each dimension score was 61.4% for nutrition concept and safety,29.9% for knowledge and eating behavior,and 17.8% for basic skills. The medical staff of surgery,eating out frequency ≥3 times per week,overweight and young age had the lower qualified rate of nutrition literacy（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The overall level of nutrition literacy of medical staff in grade-A tertiary hospitals of Wuhan City is average. It is necessary to strengthen the nutrition education and guidance for medical staff to improve the level of nutrition literacy.

Mediating role of positive emotions between character strengths and job burnout in community nurses

PANG Chen, GENG Rong-juan

2023, 39(5):  593-596. 

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Objective To evaluate the status quo of character strengths,positive emotions and job burnout among community nurses in Xuzhou City of Jiangsu Province,analyze the correlation among them. Methods From June 2021 to March 2022,,810 nurses from community hospitals in Xuzhou City of Jiangsu Province were selected by convenience sampling method and surveyed using the three-dimensional inventory of character strengths（TICS）,the positive and negative affective scales（PANAS）,and the maslach burnout inventory（MBI）. Results The total scores of TICS,PANAS and MBI in nurses was （10.66±1.60）,（29.41±7.53） and（36.64±20.81）points,respectively. The community nurses' character strengths were positively correlated with positive emotion and negatively correlated with job burnout（r=0.552,-0.337,both P<0.01）,and positive emotion was negatively correlated with job burnout（r=-0.491,P<0.01）. The character strengths had a negative predictive effect on job burnout,and positive emotion was a mediating variable between character strengths and job burnout,with a mediating effect of -0.188,accounting for 42.1% of the total effect. Conclusions The nurses' character strengths,positive emotions,and job burnout are closely related,and character strengths can indirectly affect community nurses' job burnout through positive emotion regulation. The survey suggests that managers should pay more attention to nurses' character strengths and positive emotions,and provides evidence for the use of strengths interventions as a management strategy to reduce nurses' job burnout.

Analysis on influencing factors of abnormal blood cells in benzene-exposed workers in a shoe factory in Tianjin

LI Pei, WANG Xin, GAO Ya, LIIU Jing, ZENG Qiang, ZHANG Jin-yue

2023, 39(5):  597-601. 

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Objective To investigate the influencing factors of blood cell abnormalities in benzene-exposed workers in Tianjin. Methods In 2021,the occupational health inspection data of benzene-exposed workers in a shoe factory in Tianjin were collected,and the epidemiological investigation was conducted through self-designed questionnaires. The logistic regression was used to assess the impact on blood cell abnormalities in benzene-exposed workers from personal general condition,occupational history,past and family medical history,personal behavior,female physiological and reproductive status. Results The occupational health examination data of 95 benzene-exposed workers were collected,and they cooperated with completing the epidemiological questionnaire. There were 66 benzene-exposed workers in the normal group and 29 benzene-exposed workers in the abnormal blood cells group. The rate of abnormal blood cells in females was higher than that in males（χ²=5.033,P<0.05）. The rate of abnormal blood cells in premenopausal female workers was higher than that in postmenopausal female workers（χ²=7.469,P<0.01）. The rate of abnormal blood cells in benzene-exposed workers aged 18-<50 years old was higher than that in those aged ≥50 years old（χ²=5.265,P<0.05）. The logistic regression analysis found that benzene workers with low education had higher risk of blood cell abnormalities than workers with medium and high education（OR=4.951,95%CI：1.078-22.748）,and premenopausal female benzene workers have higher risk of blood cell abnormalities than menopausal female workers（OR=0.127,95%CI：0.033-0.487）. Conclusion In occupational health management,in addition to strengthening occupational health monitoring,it is necessary to focus on high-risk factors such as educational level and female physiology,strengthen the management of high-risk groups,and prevent the occurrence of occupational diseases.

Radiation protection shielding calculation and dose estimation of iodine treatment project of nuclear medicine department of a hospital in Panjin City

LI Ling-ling, AN Gang, WANG Jiao

2023, 39(5):  602-605. 

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Objective Through the predictive analysis and evaluation of the radiation protection in the iodine treatment project of the nuclear medicine department of a hospital in Panjin City,to understand the level of radiation protection the iodine treatment project. Methods In October 2021,the theoretical calculation method and the comprehensive analysis method were used for the radiation protection shielding calculation and dose estimation of protective measures and facilities against radioactive occupational hazards in iodine treatment workplace of nuclear medicine department of a hospital in Panjin City. Results The radioactive occupational hazard factors in this project were the radiopharmaceuticals containing Na¹³¹I,γ-ray emitted by the decay of nuclilide Na¹³¹I,and the subjects who have taken ¹³¹I radioactive drugs. The estimate results showed that the annual equivalent dose of whole body（0.01 mSv/a）,eye lens（0.01 mSv/a）,hand（0.04 mSv/a） of nurses and physicians in iodine treatment work area were lower than the national occupational dose limit and annual dose management target value. Conclusions The overall shielding design of the iodine treatment work area is reasonable,but there is a high dose rate outside the protection door of some individual functional rooms. For areas with high dose rate,it is recommended management should be strengthened and people should not stay for a long time.

Occupational health risk assessment of a high-efficiency monocrystalline battery project in Taiyuan City

WANG Zhen, KOU Zhi-ping, ZHAO Xiao-peng, LI Shuai

2023, 39(5):  606-612. 

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Objective To evaluate theoccupational health risk caused by chemical harmful factors in a high-efficiency monocrystalline battery project in Taiyuan City,provide technical basis for occupational health risk management of the project. Methods From May to July 2021,the occupational health investigation was performed on a high-efficiency monocrystalline battery project in Taiyuan City. The engineering analysis method was used to identify the chemical hazardous factors. The risk assessment was carried out by suing the semi-quantitative risk assessment method recommended in the Technical guidelines for occupational health risk assessment of chemical harmful factors in the workplace（GBZ/T 298-2017）. Results There were two high risk posts（level 4）,which were the ammonia post（ammonia） and phosphorane post（phosphine） in the storage and transportation system. There were13medium risk posts（level 3）,which were hydrofluoric acid post（hydrogen fluoride）,sodium hydroxide post（sodium hydroxide）,hydrochloric acid post（chlorhydricacid）,special gas post（borontrifluorideand phosphorus oxychloride）,laughing gas post（nitrous oxide）of the storage and transportation system,making fluff post（sodium hydroxideand hydrogen fluoride）,etching post（hydrogen fluoride）,ion implantation post（phosphine）,annealing post（phosphorus oxychloride）,cleaning post（hydrogen fluoride）,coating post（ammoniaand nitrous oxide） of the battery workshop,and waste gas treatment post（hydrogen fluoride）,coating gas treatment post（ammonia and nitrous oxide） of the auxiliary system. There were six low risk posts（level 2）,which were hydrogen peroxide post（hydrogenperoxide）,silane post（silicontetrahydride）,comprehensive post（conductive paste） of the storage and transportation system,boron diffusion post（boron trifluoride）,metallization post（conductive paste）of the battery workshop,and waste water treatment post（fluoridesand compounds） of auxiliary system. Conclusion The chemical harmful factors existing in the production process of the project may have adverse effects on the physical health of the workers,the attention should be paid to ammonia post and phosphorane post in the storage and transportation system,and corresponding control measures should be taken according to different risk levels in the management.

Simultaneous determination of mercury and other 19 elements in ambient PM_2.5 by ICP/MS with L-Cysteine direct addition after ultrasonic mixed acid extraction

CHEN Xiang, NI Rong, LIANG Wei-jiu

2023, 39(5):  613-619. 

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Objective To establish a method for simultaneous determination of Hg and Be,Al,V,Cr,Mn,Co,Ni,Cu,As,Se,Mo,Ag,Ba,Sb,Cd,Tl,Pb,Th,U in ambient PM_2.5 by ICP/MS with L-cysteine direct addition after ultrasonic mixed acid extraction. Methods The sampling quartz membrane filters of PM_2.5 were extracted at 70 ℃ by ultrasonic cleaner for 3 hours with a mixed acid consisted of 2% hydrochloric acid and 5% nitric acid with 0.025% L-Cysteine. Mercury and other 19 elements were prepared into a mixed calibration series with a mixed acid consisted of 0.8% hydrochloric acid and 2% nitric acid with 0.01% L-Cysteine. The mercury and other 19 elements of the samples were determined in helium collision mode by ICP/MS simultaneously. Results The most suitable concentrations of L-cysteine and hydrochloric acid in the sample extract were 0.025% and 2% respectively. When the sampling volume was 1 056 m³,the method detection limits of 20 elements were within 0.004-2.152 ng/m³ and the correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.999 4. The recoveries of spiked quartz membrane filters at different concentration levels were between 89.6% and 105.3%,with the relative standard deviation（RSD） all less than 3.2%. Conclusions Adding L-cysteine directly to standards and samples eliminates the memory effect of mercury effectively. Adding hydrochloric acid to the extract improves the stability of antimony and silver. The application of Kinetic energy discrimination（KED） mode eliminates the interference of polyatomic ions introduced by hydrochloric acid,and the mixing of mercury and other elements to formulate the calibration series improves the working efficiency. This method is suitable for simultaneous determination of mercury and multiple elements in PM_2.5 samples.

Study on hepatoprotective effect of total honeysuckle saponins on lead poisoning rats based on NF-κB/IL-1β pathway

HUANG Hua, ZHENG Chong, ZHANG Kai

2023, 39(5):  620-625. 

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Objective To investigate the hepatoprotective effect of total saponins of honeysuckle on lead poisoning rats based on nuclear factor kappa-B（NF-κB）/interleukin-1β（IL-1β） pathway. Methods 100 clean SD rats were divided into normal control group,model control group,low,medium and high dose groups of total honeysuckle saponins. Except the normal control group,the other groups were injected with lead acetate solution（10 mg/kg） for four weeks. During this period,the rats in the low,medium and high dose groups of total honeysuckle saponins were given the corresponding doses of total honeysuckle saponins by gavage every day,and the normal control group and the model control group were given the same volume of normal saline by gavage. After the test,the rat serum and liver were obtained,and the liver/body ratio,liver lead content,serum alanine aminotransferase（ALT）,aspartate aminotransferase（AST）,gamma-glutamyltransferase（GGT）,malondialdehyde（MDA）,superoxide dismutase（SOD） and glutathione peroxidase（GSH-Px） levels were determined. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR） and Western blotting were used to determine liver NF-κB and IL-1β levels. Results Compared with the normal control group,the body weight,SOD and GSH-Px levels of the model control group decreased,liver/body ratio,liver lead content,serum AST[（256.32±16.24）vs（46.81±15.24）μ/L],ALT[（354.32±18.54）vs（35.36±15.85）μ/L],GGT level[（5.64±0.31）vs（0.94±0.24）μ/L],liver MDA level[（654.49±16.29）vs（266.54±15.52）ng/g],liver NF-κB and IL-1β mRNA protein expression levels[0.82±0.28 vs 3.61±0.23, 0.48±0.29 vs 3.71±0.32,0.49±0.12 vs 1.69±0.11,0.38±0.16 vs 1.98±0.14]increased（P<0.05）. Compared with the model control group,the body weight,SOD,GSH-Px levels in the low,medium and high dose groups of total saponins of honeysuckle decreased,serum AST[（88.32±15.74）vs（135.20±10.8）,（186.28±12.27）,（256.32±16.24）μ/L],ALT[（154.68±19.78）vs（204.28±20.47）,（257.68±19.44）,（354.32±18.54）μ/L],GGT level[（2.23±0.27）vs（3.27±0.34）,（4.73±0.27）,（5.64±0.31）μ/L],liver MDA level[（358.58±15.41）vs（485.52±10.59）,（588.69±12.53）,（654.49±16.29）ng/g],liver NF-κB and IL-1β mRNA protein expression levels decreased（3.61±0.23 vs 2.89±0.25,2.29±0.21,1.65±0.27,3.71±0.32 vs 2.93±0.30,2.33±0.29. 1.15±0.24,1.69±0.11 vs 1.39±0.10,0.95±0.14,0.74±0.13,1.98±0.14 vs 1.35±0.15,0.89±0.14,0.53±0.13）（P<0.05）. With the increase of total honeysuckle saponin dose,the body weight,SOD and GSH-Px levels of the low,medium and high dose groups of total honeysuckle saponins gradually increased,and the liver/body ratio,liver lead content,serum AST,ALT,GGT levels,liver MDA level,liver NF-κB,IL-1β mRNA protein expression levels gradually decreased,with a significant dose-effect relationship（P<0.05）. Conclusion The total honeysuckle saponins can significantly reduce liver oxidative damage and inflammatory response in lead poisoning rats,and have obvious hepatoprotective effects,its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of liver NF-κB/IL-1β pathway activation by total honeysuckle saponins in lead poisoning rats.

Determination of isopropyl diglycidyl ether in workplace air by solvent desorption-gas chromatography

LIU Meng-meng, ZHANG Jian, ZHANG Wan-chao, LYU Bo-yi, HAN Cheng, ZENG Qiang

2023, 39(5):  626-629. 

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Objective To establish a method for determination of isopropyl diglycidyl ether（IGE） in workplace air by solvent desorption-gas chromatography. Methods The samples were collected with carbon tube and desorbed by 5% acetone-carbon disulfide,separated with the DB-FFAP gas chromatographic column,and detected by flame ionization detector（FID）. Results The quantitative determination range of IGE was 3.0-919.0 μg/mL,with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 9. The limit of detection was 0.9 μg/mL. The lower limit of quantification was 3.0 μg/mL. Under 1.5 L sampling volume and 1.0mL extraction solution volume,the minimum detectable concentration was 0.6 mg/m3 and the minimum quantification concentration was 2.0 mg/m³. The relative standard deviation（RSD） of intra-assay and inter-assay precision was 1.6%-3.1% and 3.5%-4.9% respectively. The average extraction efficiency was 98.6%. The penetration capacity was >15.0 mg. The average collection efficiency was 100%. When placed in air,the samples could be stored for seven days. When placed in 4℃ refrigerator,the samples could be stored for 14 days. The potential coexistence of n-butanol and epichlorohydrin with IGE in the air did not interfere with the results of determination. Conclusion This method has high sensitivity,precision and accuracy and it is applicable for the on-site monitoring of IGE in workplace air.

Content and pollution evaluation of heavy metals in soil-rice system in rice field of Jurong City in 2020

YIN Yan, DONG Shu-jiang, SUI Yuan

2023, 39(5):  630-633. 

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Objective To understand the content and pollution characteristics in soil-rice system in rice field of Jurong City,provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in the soil-rice system in Jurong City. Methods A total of 130 soil and 130 rice samples were collected from 10 towns in Jurong City in November 2020. The contents of chromium（Cr）,cadmium（Cd）,lead（Pb）,arsenic（As） and mercury（Hg） in soil and rice were evaluated by single factor pollution index method and Nemero comprehensive pollution index method,and the enrichment levels of them in rice grain were evaluated by bioaccumulation factor（BAF） method. Results The average content of Cr,Cd,Pb,As and Hg in soil in rice field of Jurong City was 63.300,0.379,43.240,11.729 and 0.101 mg/kg,respectively,while the average content of Cr,Cd,Pb,As and Hg in rice grain was 0.476,0.171,0.082,0.085 and 0.005 mg/kg,respectively,all the results were within the standard limits,and the over-standard rate of Cd in soil and rice grain was 23.08% and 31.54% respectively. The average values of single factor pollution index in soil and rice grain were <1,which the pollution levels were "clean,safe". The Nemero comprehensive pollution index of soil sample was 1.470,and that of rice grain sample was 1.644,the pollution levels were both" light pollution,start to be polluted ". The ability of rice to enrich Cd was the strongest,while Hg was the weakest. Conclusion There is slight pollution of heavy metals in soil-rice system of Jurong City,some soil and rice are polluted by heavy metals in different degrees,and regulatory authorities should pay enough attention to and take corresponding measures.

Mediating effect of positive empathy between working environment perception and humanistic caring ability among ICU nurses

FANG Ye-xiang, HAN Jiang-ying, WANG Zuo-chuan, DU Xiao-ling, WU Shan-shan, TANG Yu-mei

2023, 39(5):  634-638. 

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Objective To explore the mediating effect of positive empathy between working environment perception and humanistic caring ability among nurses in intensive care unit（ICU）,provide a theoretical basis for managers improve the management and training of ICU nurses,enhancing their level of human caring ability. Methods Totally 210 ICU nurses from two grade-A tertiary hospitals in Anhui province were selected by convenience sampling method as research objects from April to May 2022. They were investigated by the general information questionnaire,nurse humanistic care ability scale,nurse work environment perception scale,trait positive empathy scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The score of humanistic care ability in ICU nurses was（194.03±20.13）points,the score of working environment perception was（86.70±13.05）points,and the score of positive empathy was （27.75±4.60）points. The total score of humanistic care ability and scores of dimensions（except courage dimension） were positively correlated with total score and dimension scores of working environment perception and positive empathy. The positive empathy played a mediating role between working environment perception and human caring ability in ICU nurses,and the intermediary effect accounted for 30.1% of the total effect. Conclusions The hospital managers should pay attention to the impact of the environment and personal characteristics on ICU nurses. It is necessary to further improve the working environment of ICU nurses,enhance their humanistic care ability,cultivate their positive empathy quality,and improve the overall care effect of patients.

Cross-sectional study on employees' mental health based on construction of healthy enterprises

GE Hua, BIE Yi-feng, LIU Guang-wei, DING Wen-tao, SUN Shu-bo, ZHU Lin-lin

2023, 39(5):  639-644. 

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Objective To understand the employees' mental health based on construction of healthy enterprises,professional psychological counseling or intervention for employees,and provide reference basis for implementation of employee psychological assistance plan. Methods In October 2021,the cluster sampling was used to collected employees who had worked for more than 1 year in a glass fiber factory in Linyi City of Shandong Province,they were investigated with self-rating depression scale,self-rating anxiety scale,Pittsburgh sleep index scale and occupational stress measurement core scale,and the data were analyzed. Results A total of 888 employees were investigated. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rate of depression among employees of different age,length of service,monthly income,exposure to occupational disease hazards and shift work（all P<0.01）. There was no statistically significant difference in the detection rate of anxiety among employees of different demographic characteristics（all P>0.05）. There was statistically significant difference in sleep quality between employees working in shifts or not（P<0.01）. There were statistically significant differences in the level of occupational stress among employees of different gender and age（all P<0.01）. The factors that affect employees' occupational stress level were gender,age and depression level. Conclusions The mental level of employees in a glass fiber processing plant in Linyi City of Shandong Province is not optimistic. The preliminary screening of employees' mental health by using psychological self-assessment scale is helpful to find employees with abnormal psychological symptoms in time,which is of practical significance to provide them with psychological intervention in time,and protect employees' physical and mental health.

Analysis on status quo and influencing factors of nurses' resilience from grade-A tertiary general hospital in Xi'an City

GAO Si-yu, LIU Fang, LI Xiao-wei, ZHANG Qiao-ling

2023, 39(5):  645-648. 

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Objective To explore the status quo of nurses' resilience from grade-A tertiary general hospital in Xi'an City,analyze the influencing factors. Methods From April to June in 2022,300 nurses from five grade-A tertiary general hospital in Xi'an City were selected as the research objects,and a cross-sectional survey was conducted by general data questionnaire,adversity quotient scale,and medical staff resilience scale.The Pearson method was used to analyze the correlation between adversity quotient and resilience,and multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the factors affecting the resilience of nurses in grade-A tertiary general hospital in Xi'an City. Results The total score of nurses' resilience and adversity quotient was（67.41±13.06） and（128.40±24.68）points respectively. The total score of nurses' resilience was positively correlated with the total score of adversity quotient（r=0.929,P<0.01）,and positively correlated with all dimensions of adversity quotient（r=0.909,0.917,0.924,0.929,all P<0.01）. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that marital status（β=0.151）,professional title（β=0.078）,psychological training（β=0.246）,adversity quotient（β=0.676） were the influencing factors of nurses' resilience,explaining 87.9% of the total variation of resilience. Conclusions The resilience of nurses in grade-A tertiary general hospital in Xi'an City is above medium level and adversity quotient is at medium level. The nurses with higher adversity quotient,stable marital status,high professional title and psychological training have better resilience. The administrators of schools and hospitals should strengthen the adversity quotient education of nursing students and nurses,provide necessary humanistic care,enhance nurses' resilience and job satisfaction,so as to stabilize the nursing team.

Analysis on health literacy of chronic diseases and its influencing factors in residents of Shiyan City

WU Hao, LIU Bing, XIAO Yi-zhang, ZHANG Qin, WU Jia-bing

2023, 39(5):  649-652. 

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Objective To investigate the status of chronic disease health literacy among rural residents in Shiyan City,analyze the related influencing factors,so as to provide reference for the formulation of intervention measures. Methods From September 2021 to January 2022,a stratified multi-stage random sampling method was used to randomly select 309 patients with chronic diseases in Shiyan City. The questionnaire investigation was carried out by the survey scale of health literacy of patients with chronic diseases. The descriptive,single factor and multiple linear regression methods were used to analyze the health literacy level and influencing factors of residents with chronic diseases. Results The score of chronic disease health literacy of 309 rural residents in Shiyan City was （84.30±18.82）points. Among the four dimensions of chronic disease health literacy,the scoring rate of communication and interaction ability was the highest（71.38%）,and the scoring rate of economic support willingness was the lowest（65.30%）. The education level and per capita annual income of households were the influencing factors of chronic disease health literacy of residents（P<0.05）. Conclusion The chronic disease health literacy level of rural residents in Shiyan City is low,so low-income and low-educated residents with chronic disease should be considered as the priority intervention group to improve the chronic disease health literacy level of rural residents.

Influence of loneliness on internet addiction among rural left-behind children in Dezhou City and regulation of social anxiety and sense of security

ZHANG Lu-lu, WANG Wei-zhou, WANG Xin, HU Shuang

2023, 39(5):  653-656. 

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Objective To explore the effect of loneliness on internet addiction among rural left-behind children in Dezhou City,and the mediating role of social anxiety and sense of security. Methods From November to December 2021,883 rural left-behind children in Dezhou City were investigated with children's loneliness questionnaire,children's social anxiety scale,left-behind children's security scale and adolescents' pathological internet use scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The scores of loneliness,social anxiety,security and internet addiction in rural left-behind children in Dezhou City were （33.59±12.56）,（15.81±4.37）,（86.96±21.97） and （2.06±0.63）points,respectively. The loneliness was positively correlated with social anxiety and internet addiction（r=0.38,0.31,both P<0.01）,and negatively correlated with sense of security（r=-0.49,P<0.01）. The social anxiety was negatively correlated with sense of security（r=-0.58,P<0.01）,and positively correlated with internet addiction（r=0.39,P<0.01）. The sense of security was negatively correlated with internet addiction（r=-0.36,P<0.01）. The loneliness significantly positively predicted internet addiction among left-behind children,and social anxiety played a mediating role（β=0.006,P<0.01）. The latter half of the mediating effect（the influence of social anxiety on internet addiction of left-behind children） was regulated by the sense of security,that is,the influence of loneliness on Internet addiction of left-behind children decreased with the increase of security（β=0.007,P<0.01）. Conclusion The loneliness of rural left-behind children in Dezhou City affects internet addiction through social anxiety,and the sense of security moderates the effect of social anxiety on internet addiction among left-behind children.

Current situation of forgiveness tendency in emergency department nurses of grade-A tertiary hospitals in Wuhu City and its relationship with social support and overall well-being

LUO Xue, YUAN Li-ping, ZHANG Lu-yu, JIN Ling-li, ZHANG Ya-qian

2023, 39(5):  657-660. 

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Objective To understand the current situation and influencing factors of forgiveness tendency of nurses in emergency department of grade-A tertiary hospitals in Wuhu City,analyze the relationship between forgiveness tendency and social support and overall well-being,so as to provide a theoretical basis for positive psychological intervention of clinical nurses in emergency department. Methods Using a cross-sectional survey and convenient sampling method,158 emergency department nurses were collected from five grade-A tertiary hospitals in Wuhu City as the research objects from March to April 2022. An online survey was conducted. The questionnaire included general information questionnaire,forgiveness tendency scale,social support scale and overall well-being scale. The single and multiple factor analysis were used to find out the factors affecting the level of forgiveness tendency of emergency department nurses. Results The total scores of forgiveness tendency of nurses in emergency department in grade-A tertiary hospitals of Wuhu City were （103.79±21.13）points,while the total scores of forgive themselves and forgive others were （51.13±10.48） and （52.66±12.56）points respectively. The multivariate analysis showed that age,working years,overall well-being and social support were the main influencing factors of forgiveness tendency of nurses in emergency department（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The forgiveness level of emergency department nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals of Wuhu City is at the medium level,and managers should focus on clinical emergency department nurses with low nursing age,low social support and low sense of happiness,and carry out multi angle intervention,so as to improve the forgiveness tendency level of emergency department nurses,improve their physical and mental health and promote their positive psychological development.

Association between major family changes and attitudes towards death among medical students

YAN Ming-hai, ZHANG Xiao-feng, BI Xue-qin, MI Si-qing, QIAO Jie, DAI Jiang-hong

2023, 39(5):  661-665. 

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Objective To explore the relationship between family major changes and death related attitudes of medical students. Methods From September to December 2020,medical students from Xinjiang Medical University were investigated by using Zung self-rating depression scale（SDS） and self-designed questionnaire on death-related attitudes. And the data were analyzed. Results A total of 1 470 questionnaires were sent out and 1 445 valid questionnaires were retrieved. 77.4%（1 118 students） had experienced major family changes. There were statistically significant differences in the score of emotional factor of SDS,whether they talked about death-related topics at home or at ordinary times,and whether they had suicidal thoughts between the students who had experienced major family changes and not（all P<0.05）. The experiences of major family changes had no effect on the medical students' views on fear of death,death education,euthanasia,organ or body donation. Conclusion The experience of major family changes is a common phenomenon in medical students,and it has no effect on most death related attitudes,however,more attention should be paid to depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts of such medical students.

Analysis of prosocial behavior status and influencing factors of nursing students in vocational colleges in Tongling City

LIANG Xiao-jun, WANG Bo, ZHANG Jing-xin, WU Man, ZHANG Ling-li

2023, 39(5):  666-670. 

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Objective To understand the status and influencing factors of prosocial behavior of nursing students in higher vocational colleges in Tongling City. Methods Using the cluster sampling method,the questionnaire investigation was conducted among 1 570 nursing students from higher vocational colleges in Tongling City by general data questionnaire,prosocial behavior tendency scale and professional identity questionnaire of nursing students from December 2021 to January 2022,and the data were analyzed. Results The scores of prosocial behavior and professional identity among nursing students from higher vocational colleges in Tongling City was（83.23±13.25） and（64.37±9.77）points,respectively. There was a positive correlation between prosocial behavior score and professional identity score of nursing students in higher vocational colleges（r=0.560,P<0.05）. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that retention benefit and turnover risk,social comparison and self-reflection,autonomy of career choice,career self-concept,social persuasion in professional identity,as well as gender and only child in general data were the influencing factors of prosocial behavior of nursing students in higher vocational colleges in Tongling City（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The prosocial behavior of nursing students in higher vocational colleges needs to be improved,and the nursing educators should strengthen the education of professional identity of students,implement the in-depth education mode of curriculum ideology and politics,promote the integration of "value shaping","knowledge imparting" and "ability training",and shape nursing professionals with feelings,temperature and knowledge.

Relationship among stress,sense of coherence,coping efficiency and life satisfaction of college students

YAO Man-tuan, HUANG Zi-cheng, MA Jing-yuan

2023, 39(5):  671-675. 

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Objective To investigate the effect of stress,sense of coherence and coping efficiency on college students' life satisfaction and its mechanism. Methods In November 2020,513 college students in a university in Shaanxi Province were investigated with the college student stress scale,life satisfaction scale,sense of coherence scale and coping efficiency energy scale. SPSS 26.0 and PROCESS V3.4 plug-ins were used for data analysis. Results The scores of stress,sense of coherence,life satisfaction and coping efficiency of college students were （0.71±0.5）,（4.35±0.82）,（3.76±1.11） and （2.77±0.55）points,respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of stress,sense of coherence and life satisfaction among college students of different genders and grades（all P<0.01）. The stress of college students was negatively correlated with life satisfaction and sense of coherence（r=-0.341,-0.511,both P<0.01）. The sense of coherence played a partial mediating role in the relationship between college students' stress and life satisfaction,with an effect value of -0.485,accounting for 68.33% of the total effect. The coping efficiency positively moderated the relationship between college students' stress and life satisfaction（β=0.081,t=2.200,P<0.05） and the first half of the mediation effect of sense of coherence（β=0.081,t=2.422,P<0.05）,that is,with the improvement of coping efficiency,the predictive effect of stress on college students' life satisfaction gradually decreased. Conclusion The stress of college students can affect their life satisfaction through sense of coherence,and coping efficiency can regulate the influence of stress on college students' life satisfaction and sense of coherence.

Epidemiological analysis of public health emergencies in schools of Chongzuo City from 2015-2021

ZHAO Xiu-chang, HUANG Ze-ying, HUANG Li-ping, LI Xiu-ha

2023, 39(5):  676-680. 

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Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of public health emergencies in schools of Chongzuo City in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2015-2021,so as to provide the basis for guiding schools to formulate prevention and control countermeasures for public health emergencies. Methods Based on the data of emergencies reported by national Public health emergency management information system and counties（cities,districts）,the information of school public health emergencies in Chongzuo City from 2015 to 2021 was collected and sorted out for statistical analysis. Results From 2015 to 2021,totally 59 public health emergencies were reported in Chongzuo City,including 43 school incidents,accounting for 72.88%. Among school incidents,there were 37 emergencies of infectious diseases,all of which were intestinal and respiratory infectious diseases,and top three diseases in attack rate were influenza（10.72%）,hand-foot-mouth disease（5.74%） and chicken pox（3.15%）. There were six emergencies of food poisoning,accounting for 13.95%,including three emergencies of microbial poisoning and three emergencies of plant food poisoning. The distribution showed two peaks appeared from March to May and from October to December. The emergencies occurred mainly in nursery institutions（48.84%） and primary schools（44.19%）,with the highest attack rate in nursery institutions（5.36%）,followed by primary schools（4.28%）（P<0.01）. There were statistically significant differences in attack rate among different regions and types of schools（all P<0.01）,the attack rate in rural nursery institutions（10.21%） was higher than that in urban institutions（3.91%）,and that in urban primary schools（4.62%） was higher than that in rural areas（3.81%）. The median intervention time was seven days,and the median duration was eight days,indicating a positive correlation between them（r=0.767, P<0.01）. Conclusion The nursery institutions and primary schools are high-incidence places of school public health emergencies in Chongzuo City,and it is necessary to take various prevention and control measures to control the epidemic situation for key populations and key diseases in the high-incidence season.

Effects of role cognition,internal motivation and self-efficacy on core competence of community nurses in Urumqi

LI Yu-feng, LAI Li-jun, HE Miao, HU Ning-ning, WANG Ren-yuan, LIN Su-lan

2023, 39(5):  681-686. 

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Objective To understand the status quo and correlation of role cognition,internal motivation,self-efficacy and core competence of community nurses in Urumqi,explore the influence of role cognition,internal motivation and self-efficacy on core competence,so as to provide reference for improving the competence and quality of community nurses. Methods From December 2021 to April 2022,a total of 342 nurses from 21 health service institutions in Urumqi were investigated with the general information questionnaire,community nurse core competence evaluation questionnaire,internal motivation scale and general self-efficacy scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The score of role cognition of community nurses in Urumqi was （77.23±13.55）points,the score of internal motivation was （50.09±6.47）points,the score of self-efficacy was （26.93±5.51）points,the score of core competence was （131.62±30.35）points. There were statistically significant differences in the core competence scores of community nurses with different age,professional title,employment mode,education level,marital status,monthly income,community working years and whether to publish papers（all P<0.01）. The core competence was positively correlated with internal motivation and self-efficacy（r=0.338,0.322,both P<0.01）,and negatively correlated with role cognition（r=-0.144,P<0.01）. The role cognition, internal motivation and self-efficacy could explain 20.7%,28.3% and 31.2% of the variation of core competence,respectively. Conclusion The core competence of community nurses in Urumqi is at the lower level of medium,and the community managers can improve the core competence of community nurses by strengthening the role cognition,improving the level of self-efficacy,and playing the role of internal motivation.

Prevalence of depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China：A meta analysis

HAO Hai-qin, ZHANG Qing-qing, SHEN Li-li, ZHU Ya-li, JIA Jin-fang, HU Yi

2023, 39(5):  687-691. 

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Objective To systematically evaluate the prevalence of depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD） in China. Methods CNKI,CBM,WanFang,VIP,PubMed,Embase and other databases were searched by computer. Studies on depression in COPD patients in China were included,and meta-analysis was performed using Stata 15.0 software. Results A total of 12 278 samples were included. The prevalence of depression in COPD patients in China was 25%（95%CI：24%-26%）. There were statistically significant differences in the prevalence among different groups in age,population origin,disease course,measurement tools,disease status and region（all P<0.01）. The prevalence of depression in people aged ≤65 years old（34.0%,95%CI：32.6%-35.4%） was higher than that in people aged >65 years old（22.3%,95%CI：21.5%-23.1%）,the prevalence of hospitalized patients（29.5%,95%CI：28.3%-30.6%） was higher than that of community patients（22.4%,95%CI：21.5%-23.3%）,and the prevalence of patients with disease course ≤10 years（32.6%,95%CI：30.9%-34.4%） was higher than that of patients with disease course >10 years（26.5%,95%CI：24.1%-28.9%）（all P<0.01）. The prevalence based on epidemiological research center depression scale,elderly depression scale,hospital depression scale,Zung' depression scale,and Hamilton depression scale was 17.0%（95%CI：14.5%-19.6%）,22.9%（95%CI：22.0%-23.8%）,25.0%（95%CI：23.1%-26.8%）,26.9%（95%CI：24.9%-29.0%） and 66.0%（95%CI：62.8%-69.3%）,respectively（all P<0.01）. The prevalence of patients in acute exacerbation period（26.1%,95%CI：24.4%-27.9%） was higher than that of patients in stable period（24.9%,95%CI：24.2%-25.7%）. The prevalence of eastern,central and western regions was 22.7%（95%CI：22.0%-23.5%）,54.3%（95%CI：49.5%-59.1%） and 65.4%（95%CI：61.8%-68.9%）,respectively（all P<0.01）. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of depression in COPD patients in China,and it is necessary to pay attention to the evaluation and intervention of patients' depression in clinical nursing work to promote their physical and mental health.

Effects of different rehabilitation interventions on exercise tolerance and lung function in patients with pneumoconiosis：A network meta-analysis

MA Xiu-juan, HAN Xin-yi, ZHANG Zhi-gang, ZHAO Ta-na, ZENG Yin-ru

2023, 39(5):  692-700. 

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Objective To evaluate the effect of various rehabilitation interventions on exercise tolerance and pulmonary function in patients with pneumoconiosis by network meta-analysis. Methods The Pubmed,Embase,Cochrane library,Web of science,CNKI,Wanfang,VIP and Chinese Biomedical Literature databases were searched to collect the literature that meets the analysis purpose,and the search time limit was from inception to March 2022. Two researchers independently screened literature,extracted data,and assessed the risk of bias in included studies,and data analysis was performed by using the Stata 16.0 software. Results Totally 29 randomized control trials（RCT） were included,involving 2 573 patients and 10 interventions,including comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation,acupuncture,exercise training,respiratory training,health education,respiratory combined exercise training,health education+respiratory training,Baduanjin,respiratory training+TCM intervention and usual care. For improving exercise tolerance in patients with pneumoconiosis,the respiratory combined with exercise training,comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation,Baduanjin,respiratory training+TCM intervention,exercise training,respiratory training,and acupuncture had better effect than usual care,the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）,and the best ranking result was respiratory combined with exercise training. For improving pulmonary function,the health education+respiratory training had better effect than usual care,the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）,and the best ranking result was health education+respiratory training. For improving the quality of life,there were no statistically significant differences among eight interventions（all P>0.05）,and the best ranking result was respiratory combined with exercise training. Conclusion The respiratory combined exercise training,and health education+respiratory training may be the best intervention measures for improving exercise endurance,pulmonary function,and quality of life in patients with pneumoconiosis,in the future,it can be prioritized in clinical practice.

Investigation and Research

Follow-up and retrospective investigation of occupational pneumoconiosis patients in Luzhou City from 2006-2020

PU Xue-jin

2023, 39(5):  701-704. 

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Objective To understand the survival,death and guaranteed enjoyment of occupational pneumoconiosis（hereinafter referred to as pneumoconiosis） in Luzhou City,provide a scientific basis for the local formulation of pneumoconiosis prevention and rescue policies. Methods The basic data of pneumoconiosis in Luzhou City reported in 2006-2020 were derived from the national occupational disease and occupational health hazard factor monitoring information system and occupational health information monitoring system,the investigation was conducted according to the technical scheme of follow-up investigation of pneumoconiosis,and the database was established in Excel for description and analysis. Results A total of 2 691 pneumoconiosis patients were investigated,of which 2 259 were coal workers' pneumoconiosis（83.95%）,and 2 388 cases were in phaseⅠ（88.74%）,with a high proportion of men（2 687 cases,99.85%）. There were 236 death cases,all of them are male,and case fatality rate was 8.87%. Among different diseases and stages,the mortality of silicosis was 20.69%,and that of the stage Ⅲ was 32.79%,which both were at the first place,and the average age of death was （61.68 ±10.35）years old. The top three causes of death were pneumoconiosis, other diseases and accident,and lung cancer. The cases died from respiratory-related diseases accounted for 44.49% of total deaths. There were 2 455 cases survived,including 2 451 males（99.84%）,2 086 cases in phaseⅠ（84.97%）,2 109 cases of coal worker's pneumoconiosis（85.91%） and 322 cases of silicosis（13.12%）. The average age of surviving pneumoconiosis patients was （57.16±7.42）years old,most of which were distributed in Luxian County,Gulin County and Xuyong County. The employers were mainly concentrated in the mining industry and small and micro private enterprises. 1 197 cases of surviving pneumoconiosis patients enjoyed industrial injury insurance（48.76%）,1 910 cases enjoyed basic medical insurance（77.80%）,and 273 cases did not enjoy any insurance（11.12%）. Conclusions Through investigation and follow-up,the present situation and distribution of pneumoconiosis patients in Luzhou City are basically understood. Pneumoconiosis prevention and control should not only strengthen hazard source prevention and control,but also carry out the comprehensive measures,conduct multi-channel and multi-department interaction,expand pneumoconiosis patient protection coverage,focus on pneumoconiosis health management,promote construction of pneumoconiosis rehabilitation station,and improve pneumoconiosis hierarchical diagnosis and treatment service system. Multiple departments work together to jointly manage and fulfill their respective duties to effectively protect the occupational health rights and interests of workers.

Overview

Research progress on detection methods of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine in environment

WEI Tian-tian, HU Hong-fang, ZENG Hao, QIU Hong-jie

2023, 39(5):  705-710. 

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：In recent years,due to the wide use of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine（UDMH） in the aerospace industry,the its impact on human health cannot be ignored. Therefore,how to detect UDMH in the environment accurately and efficiently become a research hotspot. However,it is difficult to detect UDMH because of its strong reducibility and inflammability. The article reviews the research on the detection of UDMH in the environment in recent years,introduces the similarities and differences of different detection methods such as liquid chromatography,gas chromatography,mass spectrometry,and sensor method,as well as summarizes the limits of detection,linear range,and recoveries of different methods.

Research progress on HIV-related fatigue

ZHANG Liao, CHEN Hong

2023, 39(5):  711-714. 

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：The fatigue is one of the most common and serious symptoms of people living with human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）,which has a serious impact on their daily activities and antiviral treatment. This paper reviews the fatigue related influencing factors,commonly used fatigue measurement tools at home and abroad,and the current situation of non-pharmacological interventions,in order to provide reference for further research and construction of effective intervention measures.

Research progress on assessment tools of cognitive ability

ZHANG Zhi-long, LIU Fei-hu, LU Hong-liang, MA Xiao-yan, ZHU Xia

2023, 39(5):  715-720. 

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：The cognitive ability assessment refers to the process of quantitative description of individual cognitive ability by using certain tools,which are important factors affecting the assessment results. The development of cognitive assessment tools has gone through the period of scale assessment and is now in the period of computerized cognitive assessment. The paper reviews the cognitive assessment tools used in different periods and their advantages and disadvantages,mainly introduces the current cognitive assessment tools and analyzes the existing problems. Future research of cognitive assessment tools can focus on enriching assessment contents,improving assessment efficiency and ecological validity.