OCCUPATION AND HEALTH

Study on effects of dichloroethane and chloroacetic acid on cell cycle and apoptosis

ZENG Li-hai, LI Hong-ling, XIE Zhi-wei, ZHENG Jie-wei, LI Guo-liang, YIN Xiao

2023, 39(4): 433-439.

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Objective To preliminarily explore the effects of 1,2-dichloroethane and chloroacetic acid on the cell cycle and apoptosis in rat glioma cells and rat Schwann cells. Methods 0,15,30,60 mmol/L 1,2-dichloroethane and 0,225,450,900 μmol/L chloroacetic acid were co-cultured with rat glioma cells and rat Schwann cells for 24 h,respectively. The changes in the cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry,to evaluate the toxicity of 1,2-dichloroethane and chloroacetic acid in the two cells. Results With the increasing toxic doses of 1,2-dichloroethane and chloroacetic acid,the relative cell survival rate was gradually decreased in both cells. The IC₅₀ value of 1,2-dichloroethane was （77.1±1.4） and （72.9±4.3）mmol/L in rat glioma cells and rat Schwann cells respectively. The IC₅₀ value of chloroacetic acid was （895.0±44.5） and （803.2±37.3）μmol/L in rat glioma cells and rat Schwann cells respectively. The apoptosis rates of 0,15,30,60 mmol/L 1,2-dichloroethane in rat glioma cells were respectively （5.55±0.78）%,（4.93±0.08）%,（6.31±0.53）% and（38.93±2.53）%,the cell ratios in G₀/G₁ phase were respectively （61.46±0.79）%,（62.43±2.13）%,（60.19±6.41）% and（43.39±4.82）%,in S phase were respectively（13.46±4.57）%,（16.89±3.25）%,（18.56±4.68）% and（32.23±3.49）%,in G₂/M phase were respectively（23.36±4.53）%,（18.58±5.57）%,（20.14±6.40）% and（23.12±6.46）%. 1,2-dichloroethane can cause an increased rate of apoptosis,lower cell ratio in G0/G1 phase and increased cell ratio in S phase in rat glioma cells at the dose of 60 mmol/L（all P<0.01）. The apoptosis rates of 0,15,30,60 mmol/L 1,2-dichloroethane in rat Schwann cells were respectively （5.50±1.89）%,（7.95±2.38）%,（7.89±0.99）% and （29.20±7.53）%,and the cell ratios in G₀/G₁ phase were respectively （39.08±3.20）%,（44.00±20.65）%,（42.15±18.03）% and（37.65±6.39）%,in S phase were respectively（28.15±3.62）%,（25.77±15.47）%,（25.20±7.58）% and（23.85±2.00）%,in G₂/M phase were respectively （32.02±2.78）%,（29.58±7.06）%,（31.49±12.27）% and（37.10±7.68）%. 60 mmol/L 1,2-dichloroethane can cause an increased rate of apoptosis in rat Schwann cells（P<0.01）. The apoptosis rates of 0,225,450,900 μmol/L chloroacetic acid in rat glioma cells were respectively （5.55±0.78）%,（6.87±4.07）%,（5.16±0.95）% and（5.70±1.21）%,and the cell ratios in G0/G1 phase were respectively （61.46±0.79）%,（60.15±7.92）%,（61.27±3.11）% and （63.57±3.51）%,in S phase were respectively （13.46±4.57）%,（18.81±5.95）%,（16.92±4.68）% and （13.99±1.34）%,in G₂/M phase were respectively （23.36±4.53）%,（18.93±1.96）%,（19.90±4.91）% and （20.86±2.03）%. The apoptosis rates of 0,225,450,900 μmol/L chloroacetic acid in rat Schwann cells were respectively（5.50±1.89）%,（7.60±2.60）%,（9.20±2.92）% and （37.88±6.99）%,and the cell ratios in G₀/G₁ phase were respectively（39.08±3.20）%,（39.88±6.06）%,（37.30±9.58）% and（36.59±7.16）%,in S phase were respectively（28.15±3.62）%,（20.91±7.76）%,（22.01±7.28）% and（16.72±5.49）%,in G₂/M phase were respectively （32.02±2.78）%,（38.54±2.71）%,（38.74±5.21）% and（45.49±5.70）%. 900 μmol/L chloroacetic acid can cause an increased rate of apoptosis and increased cell ratio in G₂/M phase in rat Schwann cells（both P<0.05）. Conclusion 1,2-dichloroethane can cause increased apoptotic rate of rat glioma cells and Schwann cells,cycle arrest in rat glioma cells. Chloroacetic acid can cause increased apoptotic rate and cycle arrest in rat Schwann cells.

Establishment of evaluation indexes of health literacy of infectious diseases in the Army

GAO Ping, MA Zhi-ming, CHEN Fu-sheng, LIU Hua-lei

2023, 39(4): 440-444.

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Objective To construct a set of evaluation indexes for health literacy of infectious diseases in the army,provide reference basis for scientific evaluation of the level of infectious disease health literacy of military officers and soldiers,and then targeted implementation of infectious disease health education and effect evaluation. Methods From March 5 to April 20 in 2020,523 research subjects were investigated by using the word frequency analysis method,to initially propose the evaluation index framework. From May 12 to November 11 in 2020,two rounds of Delphi method were used to construct evaluation indexes system. Results Four spindle encoding and 13 category subject words were obtained by word frequency method,involving word frequency 12 770 times. The average age of 15 experts was （37.73±9.20）years old,with average work age of （13.93±9.70）years,and 12 experts hold a master's degree or higher（80.00%）. The authority coefficient of the experts was 0.7,and the positive coefficient was 100%. The concentration of expert opinions in two rounds met the statistical requirements. The experts also gained high degree of coordination,the coefficient of coordination was 0.189 at the first round and 0.306 at the second,and the difference was statistically significant（all P<0.05）. The final evaluation index system consisted of three first-level indexes,18 second-level indexes and 51 third-level indexes. Conclusion The three-level index system of infectious disease health literacy in the army is scientific and reasonable,which can effectively guide the military health education work and assess the health literacy level of infectious diseases in the officers and soldiers.

Analysis on job satisfaction of grassroots AIDS prevention and control personnel in Nanning City

NONG Li-ping, HE Bo, TANG Hong-yang, QIN Hua, LIU Jun-hui, SU Yu-fang

2023, 39(4): 445-450.

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Objective To understand the job satisfaction and its influencing factors of AIDS prevention and control personnel in Nanning City. Methods From June to October 2021,a self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the job satisfaction of all AIDS prevention and control personnel in township health centers and community health service centers（hereinafter referred to as "grass-roots health units"） in Nanning City. Results The overall job satisfaction of grassroots AIDS prevention and control personnel was low,and only 21.71% of the respondents were satisfied with their work. Among them,the satisfaction rate of township health centers was 26.37%,which was higher than that of community health service centers（5.26%）,and the difference was statistically significant（χ²=11.639,P<0.01）. Among the different satisfaction factors,the respondents are the most dissatisfied with wages and benefits. Among different professionals,the satisfaction of preventive medicine was the lowest. The monthly income level,workload,technical title and training were the main factors affecting the job satisfaction of grassroots AIDS prevention and control personnel. Conclusions The overall job satisfaction level of grassroots AIDS prevention and control personnel in Nanning City is low. The monthly income level,workload,technical title and training are the main factors affecting the job satisfaction of grassroots AIDS prevention and control personnel. It is necessary to improve the wage income and welfare level of grassroots AIDS prevention and control personnel,expand the number of personnel and appropriately reduce the working pressure of existing AIDS prevention personnel,and strengthen personnel training and continuing education to improve their job satisfaction.

Application of two semi-quantitative occupational health risk assessment methods in an electronic component manufacturing enterprise

ZHANG Hui-qing, GUO Xiao-xiao, ZHAO Xue, ZENG Qiang

2023, 39(4): 451-456.

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Objective To assess the occupational health risk level of an electronic production enterprise by two commonly used semi-quantitative occupational health risk assessment methods,explore the differences between occupational risk assessment models,and provide a reference for occupational disease prevention and control measures,relevant standard formulation,and occupational health risk assessment methodology research and application. Methods In 2021,the occupational health status and major chemical hazards of an electronic production enterprise in Tianjin were investigated. The Singapore MOM method and composite index method were used for occupational health risk assessment in different positions. The consistency inspection was conducted after standardization of evaluation results. Results The concentration of all toxic and harmful chemicals detected by the on-site detection in the enterprise did not exceed 1/2 OELs,and the sample pass rate was 100%. The results of the risk assessment showed that in the results of the Singapore MOM method,except for the risk level of cyclohexanone exposure was grade 2 （low risk）,the risk level of the remaining hazard factors was grade 1（negligible risk）. In the comprehensive index method,there were more low-risk positions in the risk assessment than in the Singapore MOM method,and the positions with risk level of grade 2（low risk） were mainly concentrated in the printer positions in each workshop. The two methods used in the study had poor consistency,with a Kappa value of 0.208. Conclusions The occupational health management measures of the electronic enterprise are relatively perfect,the degree of automation in the production workshop is high,the exhaust facilities are reasonably arranged,and the concentrations of occupational harmful compounds in occupational health testing are much lower than that of OELs. The evaluation results of the two semi-quantitative risk assessment methods are consistent with the actual situation of the working environment,and both are suitable for the risk assessment of electronic component manufacturers. The comprehensive index method comprehensively considers the vapor pressure or particle size of the hazard factors,the hazard control measures,the number of raw materials used,and the assessment results are more accurate and comprehensive,which is more suitable for electronic component manufacturing enterprises with complete occupational health information and regular occupational health testing in practical applications.

Effect of positive coping style and psychological capital on occupational stress and occupational fatigue of cardiology medical staff

HUANG Yi

2023, 39(4): 457-462.

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Objective To explore the effect of occupational stress on occupational fatigue among cardiology medical staff in six grade-A tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province,analyze the mediating role of psychological capital and coping style,so as to provide reference for reducing the occupational fatigue of medical staff. Methods From November to December 2021,a convenient sampling method was used to collect 267 medical workers of cardiology department in six grade-A tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province,and a questionnaire investigation was coducted by the general information questionnaire,occupational stress scale,psychological capital scale,positive coping style scale and occupational fatigue scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The scores of occupational stress,psychological capital,positive coping style amd occupational fatigue of 267 medical workers of cardiology department in grade-A tertiary hospitals were （46.53±14.86）,（97.13±14.74）,（33.47±7.59） and （7.05±2.54）points,respectively. The total score of occupational stress and the scores of each dimension were positively correlated with the total score of occupational fatigue and the scores of each dimension（r=0.176-0.682,all P<0.05）,the total score of psychological capital and the scores of each dimension were negatively correlated with the total score of occupational fatigue and scores of each dimension （r=-0.182--0.640,all P<0.05）,and the total score of positive coping style was negatively correlated with the total score of occupational fatigue and the scores of each dimension（r=-0.285--0.594,all P<0.05）. The psychological capital of medical workers in cardiology department played a partial mediating role between occupational stress and occupational fatigue,and the mediating effect was 0.088,accounting for 15.12 % of the total effect. The positive coping style played a partial mediating role between occupational stress and occupational fatigue,and the mediating effect was 0.110,accounting for 18.90 % of the total effect. The psychological capital and positive coping style played a chain mediating role between occupational stress and occupational fatigue,and the mediating effect was 0.036,accounting for 6.19 % of the total effect. Conclusion The occupational fatigue of medical workers in cardiology department in six grade-A tertiary hospitals of Sichuan Province is at a medium level,and occupational stress can indirectly affect occupational fatigue through the mediating effect and the chain mediating effect of psychological capital and coping style.

Analysis on monitoring results of occupational hazard factors in workplaces of Huangshi City in 2021

LI Xia, SONG Yan-chao, ZHENG Deng-feng

2023, 39(4): 463-466.

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Objective By analyzing the monitoring results of occupational hazard factors in workplaces of Huangshi City in 2021,to provide the theoretical basis for local occupational disease prevention. Methods The monitoring data of occupational hazard factors in workplaces of Huangshi City in 2021 were extracted from the Monitoring system for occupational hazards in the workplace,which is the subsystem of China disease control and prevention information system,and the data were analyzed. Results In 2021,the detcetion of occupational hazard factors in workplaces were conducted in 150 enterprises in Huangshi City. There were 42 495 workers in 150 enterprises,19 597 people were exposed to occupational hazard factors,and the exposure rate was 46.12%. There was statistically significant difference in the exposure rate of occupational hazard factors among different areas （P<0.01）,and the exposure rate in Xialu District was the highest. There was statistically significant difference in the exposure rate of occupational hazard factors among enterprises of different sizes（P<0.01）,and the exposure rate in microenterprises was the highest. There was statistically significant difference in the exposure rate of occupational hazard factors among different industries（P<0.01）,and the exposure rate in manufacturing industry was the highest. There was statistically significant difference in the exposure rate among different types of occupational hazard factors（P<0.01）. The over standard rate was 18.31% among 295 detected points in dust places,while the over standard rate was 18.97% among 290 detected points of post. The over standard rate was 5.26% among 228 detected points for chemical hazard factors,while the over standard rate was 25.00% among 40 detected points of post. The over standard rate was 41.10% among 798 detected points in dust places,while the over standard rate was 9.09% among 11 detected points of post. Conclusion There are a large number of people exposed to occupational hazard factors in Huangshi City,and the over standard rate of on-site detection is high,therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the supervision of relevant enterprises and urge them to implement occupational hazard prevention measures.

Simultaneous determination of multiple biological monitoring indicators in urine by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

HE Zong-jian, QIN Li-mei, ZHU Ding-ji, NING Pan-liang

2023, 39(4): 467-470.

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Objective To establish a headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS） method for the determination of biological monitoring indicators in urine,such as acetone,1-bromopropane,dichloromethane,2,5-hexanedione,o-cresol and phenol. Methods The urine sample was sealed after adding anhydrous sodium sulfate,and was determined by GC-MS with headspace injection. Results The linearity of each component in urine determined by this method was good within each concentration range,the correlation coefficients were between 0.999 5 and 0.999 9,the detection limit was 0.4-20.0 μg/L,the sample recovery rate was 84.7%-115.6%,and the relative standard deviations were between 2.6% and 8.9%. Conclusion This method is simple,accurate,and highly sensitive,which is suitable for biological monitoring of occupational exposure to chemical harmful factors,and rapid detection of poisoning emergency samples.

Direct reading detection method of formaldehyde concentration in workplace air

WANG Feng-jiao, TIAN Hai-xia, HOU Wen-sheng, GUO Hang, WANG Dan, DONG Ding-long

2023, 39(4): 471-475.

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Objective To establish a direct reading detection method for formaldehyde in the air of workplace. Methods The formaldehyde standard gas series with a certain concentration were prepared in the laboratory. The pumped formaldehyde analyzer is used for detection. The established method was applied to the determination of formaldehyde in the air of workplace. At the same time,the national standard method was used for field sampling and analysis. Results The detection limit of direct reading detection method of pump suction formaldehyde analyzer was 0.01 mg/m³. The lower limit of quantification was 0.17mg/m³. It has good accuracy and precision when formaldehyde concentration was 0.17-4.29 mg/m³. Under the influence of temperature,humidity and interfering substances,the accuracy was 95.51%-100.20%. After field verification,the relative deviation from the current effective spectrophotometric detection results was 2.50%-7.72%. Conclusion The pump suction formaldehyde analyzer can be used to determine the concentration of formaldehyde in the air of workplace,especially the quantitative analysis of formaldehyde in the air at the scene of sudden accidents.

Correlation analysis on bidirectional intergenerational support and quality of life in elderly COPD patients

WANG Xin, ZOU Meng-fei, ZHAO Rong, YANG Ying, WANG Ying

2023, 39(4): 476-480.

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Objective To analyze the impact of bidirectional intergenerational support on the quality of life of elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD）. Methods Using the convenience sampling method,201 elderly COPD patients hospitalized in the department of respiratory medicine of a grade-A tertiary hospital in Weifang City from July to October 2021 were selected as the research subjects. The general data questionnaire,parent-child support questionnaire and Euro qol five dimension scale（EQ-5D） were used for the investigation,and the data were analyzed. Results The health utility value of elderly COPD patients was 0.81,with the most prominent problems of daily activity ability and self-care ability among the five dimensions. There was correlation between quality of life and bidirectional intergenerational support. In upward intergenerational support,the economic support was positively correlated with health utility value（P<0.05）,and the life care was negatively correlated with health utility value（P<0.05）. In downward intergenerational support,the economic support was negatively correlated with health utility value（P<0.05）,while the life care and emotional solace were positively correlated with health utility value（both P<0.05）. The age,marital status and other chronic diseases had effects on quality of life（all P<0.05）. The economic support and life care entered the regression equation（both P<0.05）. Conclusions The health utility value of 201 elderly inpatients with COPD in a grade-A tertiary hospital of Weifang City is low,and good bidirectional intergenerational support can improve the quality of life in elderly patients with COPD. The medical staff should take measures to improve patients' self-efficacy and encourage family members of elderly COPD patients to provide support and assistance.

Study on relationship between perceived social support,occupational mission,occupational calling and job involvement among cardiology nurses in tertiary hospitals of Chengdu City

ZHANG Ying, HE Jing-jing

2023, 39(4): 481-486.

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Objective To explore the influence of occupational mission and occupational calling on perceived social support and job involvement among cardiology nurses in tertiary hospitals of Chengdu City. Methods From November to December 2021,458 nurses in the department of cardiology in 10 tertiary hospitals of Chengdu City were investigated by using general information questionnaire,perceived social support scale,occupational mission scale,occupational calling scale and job involvement scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The score of perceived social support,occupational mission,occupational calling and job involvement among 458 cardiology nurses was （58.83±12.56）,（33.02±6.39）,（35.40±8.60） and （36.96±5.62）points,respectively. The score of job involvement in cardiology nurses was positively correlated with the scores of perceived social support,and occupational calling（all P<0.05）. The occupational mission of cardiology nurses played a partial mediating role between perceived social support and job involvement,with a mediating effect of 0.337,accounting for 39.0% of the total effect. The occupational calling played a partial mediating role between perceived social support and job involvement,with a mediating effect of 0.085,accounting for 9.8% of the total effect. The occupational mission and occupational calling played a chain mediating role between perceived social support and job involvement,with a mediating effect of 0.120,accounting for 13.9% of the total effect. Conclusion The job involvement of 458 nurses in the department of cardiology in 10 tertiary hospitals of Chengdu City is at a moderate level,and perceived social support can affect the job involvement of cardiology nurses through the mediating role and chain mediating role of occupational mission and occupational calling respectively.

Mental health status of traffic policemen in Meishan City and its relationship with personality

ZHANG Yu, CAO Yun-fei, NIE Dian-rong, WEI Qing

2023, 39(4): 487-491.

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Objective To understand the mental health status of traffic policemen in Meishan City and its relationship with personality,provide reference basis for improving the psychological health of traffic policemen. Methods From January to February 2021,327 traffic policemen in Meishan City were investigated by using symptom checklist 90（SCL-90） and Chinese version of Eysenck personality questionnaire（EPQ-RSC）,and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of SCL-90 and scores of all factors（except terror and paranoia） in 327 traffic policemen were higher than the national norms（all P<0.05）. Except for the terror factor,there were statistically significant differences in the total score of SCL-90 and scores of other eight factors among different age groups（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the total score of SCL-90 and scores of nine factors among traffic policemen in different education level and working years（all P<0.05）. Except for the terror and paranoia factors,the total score of SCL-90 and scores of nine factors in unmarried traffic policemen were lower than those in married group（all P<0.05）. The total score of SCL-90 and scores of nine factors in traffic policemen were positively correlated with psychosis and neuroticism（all P<0.05）,and negatively correlated with introversion and extroversion（all P<0.05）. The neuroticism had positive predict effect on total score of SCL-90 and scores of all factors（all P<0.05）. The introversion and extroversion had negative predict effect on total score and scores of interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety,terror and psychosis factors（all P<0.05）. The psychosis had positive predict effect on terror factors（P<0.05）. Conclusion The mental health level of traffic policemen in Meishan City is low,and it is necessary to provide psychological support for traffic police through multiple channels.

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of other infectious diarrhea in Songjiang District of Shanghai City from 2017-2020

LI Meng, QIAO Xue-fei, LYU Xi-hong, SUN Zhong-xing, GAO Gui-ling

2023, 39(4): 492-496.

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Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of other infectious diarrhea in Songjiang District of Shanghai City from 2017-2020,provide a basis for the formulation of scientific prevention and control measures. Methods The surveillance data of other infectious diarrhea in Songjiang District of Shanghai from 2017-2020 were collected from China information system for disease control and prevention. The clusters and outbreaks data were collected from Shanghai Songjiang aggregation epidemic information system. The etiological data were collected from Shanghai diarrhea comprehensive surveillance system. And the data were analyzed. Results From 2017 to 2020,a total of 3 635 cases of other infectious diarrhea were reported in Songjiang District of Shanghai with an average annual incidence rate of 51.56/100 000,and the difference in the incidence rate among different years was statistically significant（χ²=543.072,P<0.01）. The vast majority occurred in age group of <5（55.90%） and 20-<40（14.97%） years old,with a total sex ratio of 1.25∶1. The incidence presented a bimodal distribution,with the major peak between December and March and the minor peak between August and September. The cases were reported in all streets and towns,mainly concentrated in Fangsong Street（22.72%）,Yueyang Street（9.71%） and Yongfeng Street（9.11%）. A total of 79 clusters and 14 outbreaks were reported. Norovirus was the most common pathogen,with a peak in November-December,mainly occurred in kindergartens（48.61%） and elementary school（23.61%）. A total of 6 757 cases were monitored in the adult diarrhea comprehensive surveillance. The pathogen monitoring was performed among 879 cases,and 355 cases were positive for bacteria or virus. The bacteria infection was commonly seen from May to September,which was mainly caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Campylobacter. The virus infection was commonly seen from October to April,which was mainly caused by norovirus and rotavirus. Conclusion The majority of other infectious diarrhea are scattered children and young adults in Songjiang District of Shanghai from 2017-2020,the obvious seasonal characteristics are showed with the bacteria peak in summer and virus peak in winter,and highly targeted prevention and control measures should be taken in different seasons for high-risk populations and places with a high incidence of clusters or outbreaks.

Analysis on sub-health status and influencing factors of physicians and nurses in primary medical institutions in Jiangsu Province

HUANG Qi-xiang, XU Huai-fu

2023, 39(4): 497-501.

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Objective To survey the sub-health status（SHS） and influencing factors of the physicians and nurses of the primary medical institutions in Jiangsu Province and try to compare,which provide some evidence for the elaboration of personnel health management plan. Methods From July to September 2021,a stratified sample survey was conducted among the physicians and nurses of primary medical institutions in 13 cities of Jiangsu Province. A total of 388 questionnaires from 118 primary medical institutions were collected,which contained 195 physicians and 193 nurses. The data were collected by using a self-made questionnaire of basic information and influencing factors and the Sub-health measurement scale V1.0（SHMS V1.0）,and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of physicians and nurses. Results Among the samples,the prevalence of physicians and nurses was 28.21% and 20.21% respectively. Among 140 physicians and 154 nurses without disease,the average scores of SHMS V1.0 were （73.66±10.51） and （74.77±10.55）points respectively and the detection rates of SHS was 67.14% and 66.88% respectively. The regression analyses showed that there were seven and eight factors significantly affecting the SHS of physicians and nurses respectively,and the common influencing factors were long work time（OR<1）,and tension with colleagues（OR>1）. Conclusion The health status of physicians and nurses in primary medical institutions in Jiangsu Province is not optimistic,and it suggested that the SHS of physicians and nurses may be improved by strengthening physical exercise,creating a harmonious working environment and optimizing the allocation of human resources.

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of clustering infection of hand-foot-mouth disease in Hedong District of Tianjin from 2019-2021

SUN Qiu-yun, YANG Rui-lan

2023, 39(4): 502-504.

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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trends of the clustering infection of hand-foot-mouth disease（HFMD） in Hedong District of Tianjin,provide evidence for the prevention and control of HFMD. Methods The data were collected form the China disease control and prevention information system to create an Excel database,and SPSS21.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 66 clustering infections of HFMD were reported in Hedong District of Tianjin from 2019-2021,a total of 213 cases were found,and there was no outbreak. The clustering infection of HFMD in private kindergartens accounted for 22.73%,and the cumulative cases accounted for 34.27% of the total cases. The high incidence period of HFMD was from June to August,which was consistent with the trend of reported cases. The age mainly concentrated in 3-5 years old,accounting for 53.05% of the total cases. The epidemic was mainly detected by the district-level center for disease control and prevention,accounting for 78.79% of the total epidemic. The average duration of the epidemic was （3.74±5.83）days. The average time interval from the first case to the clustering infection reporte was （4.45±3.55）days. The coxsackie virus A6（Cox A6） and coxsackie virus A16（Cox A16） were the main pathogens in the clustering infection. Conclusions The most important work of HFMD prevention and control should focus on the management of private kindergartens. June-August is the key period to prevent HFMD. The duration of clustering infection is mainly related to the timeliness of epidemic detection,timeliness of investigation and disposal,timeliness of implementation of suspension of classes and other prevention and control measures. Strengthening surveillance of HFMD,early detection,early diagnosis,early report,early isolation and timely implementation of prevention and control measures are the key to control the epidemic situation.

Investigation and countermeasures of nurses' demand for disaster nursing knowledge in Gansu Province

DONG Xiao-yan, TAO Gui-yan, WANG Wen-ji, LI Wei, ZHANG Li, ZHAO Juan

2023, 39(4): 505-509.

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Objective Through the investigation of disaster nursing knowledge demand status among nurses in Gansu Province,to put forward countermeasures and suggestions for disaster nursing training. Methods From February to March 2020,1 033 nurses from 24 hospitals in six cities of Gansu Province were selected as the research object by using the convenient sampling method. The demand for disaster nursing knowledge,disaster nursing training attitude and teaching methods were investigated through the network electronic questionnaire,and the influencing factors of disaster nursing knowledge demand were analyzed. And the countermeasures and suggestions for disaster nursing knowledge training were put forward from the perspective of demand. Results Nurses' demand for disaster nursing knowledge was higher,and the average score of knowledge demand questionnaire items was （4.48±0.42）points. The score of disaster nursing management knowledge dimension was the highest[（4.51±0.48） points],followed by disaster nursing profile knowledge dimension[（4.50±0.68）points],and disaster nursing professional knowledge dimension was the lowest[（4.43±0.38）points]. 736（71.25%）nurses "strongly agree" to hold disaster nursing training,and 700 （67.76%） nurses "strongly agree" to participate in disaster nursing training. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between training attitude and knowledge demand（r=0.331,P<0.01）. The scenario simulation exercise,case teaching and simulation demonstration teaching are the most acceptable teaching methods for nurses. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender,department,hospital level and training attitude were the key influencing factors of disaster nursing knowledge demand（all P<0.01）. Conclusions The nurses in Gansu Province have a high demand for disaster nursing knowledge and strong willingness to train. Training plans should be formulated on the basis of demand analysis. It is necessary to strengthen the training of nurses' urgently needed knowledge,and give priority to the way that nurses are willing to accept,so as to improve the quality of training.

Path study on role of subjective well-being and self-efficacy in health-promotion lifestyle of floating elderly people

YAN Xiao-ting, LIU Zhen-fan, CHEN Cui, WANG Zhi-tong, WU Ji-jun

2023, 39(4): 510-514.

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Objective To investigate the status quo of subjective well-being,self-efficacy and health-promoting lifestyle among floating elderly people in Chengdu City and Deyang City of Sichuan Province,analyze the path of the role of subjective well-being and self-efficacy in health-promoting lifestyle. Methods From August to September 2021,260 elderly floating elderly people were collected from seven communities in Chengdu City and Deyang City of Sichuan Province as the research object by using the convenience sampling method. The general information questionnaire,subjective well-being scale,self-efficacy scale and health-promoting lifestyle scale were used for the data collection,and the data were analyzed. Results The score of subjective well-being,self-efficacy and health-promoting lifestyle among floating elderly people was（22.91±2.59）,（23.67±3.72） and（121.30±17.34） points,respectively. The correlation analysis showed that the total score of subjective well-being was positively correlated with the total score of health-promoting lifestyle,the total score of self-efficacy was positively correlated with the total score of health-promoting lifestyle,and the total score of self-efficacy was positively correlated with the total score of subjective well-being（all P<0.05）. The subjective well-being played a partially mediating role in the relationship between self-efficacy and health-promoting lifestyle,and the mediating effect accounted for 7.0% of the total effect. Conclusion The health-promoting lifestyle of floating elderly people is at the average level,and the subjective well-being plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between self-efficacy and health-promoting lifestyle,so improving self-efficacy is conducive to improving the level of subjective well-being and health-promoting lifestyle.

Monitoring and analysis of 12 metals and metalloidsin atmospheric PM_2.5 in two districts of Yichang City from 2017-2021

YANG Xiao-bo, YANG Cai-ping, LI Qin-na, WAN Si-li

2023, 39(4): 515-518.

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Objective To detect the concentrations of 12 elements of metals and metalloids in atmospheric fine particulate matter （PM2.5） in Xiling District and Wujiagang District of Yichang City from 2017-2021,analyze the main pollution elements and the annual variation trend of each element. Methods 954 samples of PM_2.5 in theatmosphere of Xiling District and Wujiagang District in Yichang Citywere collected from 2017 to 2021. The concentrations of 12 elements of metals and metalloids,including stibium （Sb）,aluminum（Al）,arsenic（As）,beryllium（Be）,cadmium（Cd）,chromium（Cr）,hydrargyrum（Hg）,lead（Pb）,manganese（Mn）,nickel（Ni）,selenium（Se） and thallium（Tl）,were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ICP-MS）. The change trends of different monitoring points,different seasons and different years were analyzed. Results Except the mercury and thallium concentrations,there were statistically significant differences in the concentrations of other elements in PM_2.5 between Xiling District and Wujiagang District of Yichang City from 2017 to 2021（all P<0.05）. The proportions of elements in Xiling District from high to low were aluminum（67.72%）,manganese（13.30%）,lead（11.97%）,arsenic（2.13%）,selenium（2.04%）,chromium（1.02%）,stibium（0.73%）,nickel（0.56%）,cadmium（0.35%）,thallium（0.13%）,mercury（0.03%） and beryllium （0.01%）. The proportions of elements in Wujiagang District from high to low are aluminum（74.16%）,lead（10.61%）,manganese （9.21%）,arsenic（2.00%）,selenium（1.87%）,chromium（0.86%）,stibium（0.63%）,cadmium（0.33%）,nickel（0.19%）,thallium （0.11%）,mercury（0.03%） and beryllium（0.01%）. The main pollution elements in the two districts were aluminum,lead,manganese,arsenic and selenium. There were statistically significant differences in the concentrations of 12 metals and metalloids in PM_2.5 in the two districts among different seasons（all P<0.05）. The concentrations of selenium,arsenic,cadmium,chromium,lead,manganese and thallium showed obvious seasonal variation,that is winter>spring>autumn>summer,and other elements showed no obvious seasonal variation. The average concentrations of mercury and and beryllium in PM_2.5 in the two districts did not change significantly, while the concentrations of stibium, cadmium, nickel, thallium, chromium, lead, manganese, arsenic and selenium showed a decreasing trend year by year. Conclusion From 2017-2021, aluminum, lead, manganese, arsenic and selenium are the main pollution elements of metals and metalloids in PM_2.5 in Xiling District and Wujiagang District of Yichang City,and the concentrations of elements show a decreasing trend year by year.

Mediating role of professional commitment between achievement goal orientation and learning burnout in publicly-funded normal students

ZHU Jun-tong, SUN Chang-long, ZHANG Jing-ya, SONG Yu-ping, ZOU Min

2023, 39(4): 519-524.

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Objective To explore the current situation of learning burnout between publicly-funded and non-publicly-funded normal students,analyze the relationship between the achievement goal orientation,professional commitment and learning burnout of publicly-funded normal students and its internal mechanism. Methods From December 2021 to February 2022,178 public-funded normal students and 236 non-public-funded normal students were selected from four universities with public-funded normal students policy in Shandong Province,the questionnaire survey was performed by the learning burnout scale,achievement goal orientation scale and professional commitment scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The score of learning burnout in public-funded normal students was higher than that in non-public-funded normal students（t=2.632,P<0.05）. The score of learning burnout,achievement approach goal,mastery approach goal,achievement avoidance goal,mastery avoidance goal and professional commitment in public-funded normal students was （2.98±0.48）,（3.28±0.64）,（3.06±0.56）,（2.69±0.65）,（3.39±0.67） and （3.24±0.51） points,respectively. The achievement approach goal was negatively correlated with learning burnout in public-funded normal students（r=-0.108,P<0.05）,mastery approach goal was negatively correlated with learning burnout（r=-0.456,P<0.01）,achievement avoidance goal was positively correlated with learning burnout（r=0.131,P<0.05）. The professional commitment played an intermediary role between mastery approach goal and learning burnout,with an intermediary effect value of -0.169,accounting for 42.04%. Conclusion The level of learning burnout of public-funded normal students is higher than that of non-public-funded normal students,the achievement approaching goal of public-funded normal school students not only affect learning burnout through professional commitment,but also directly affect learning burnout.

Analysis on awareness and influencing factors of cervical cancer,HPV and HPV vaccine among middle school students

CHEN Chen, LUO Dong-mei, GU Xiao-fen

2023, 39(4): 525-530.

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Objective To understand the awareness of cervical cancer and human papiiiomavirus（HPV）,and the acceptance of HPV vaccine among middle school students in Xinjiang through questionnaire survey,and analyze the influencing factors,so as to provide a basis for formulating health education methods and promoting HPV vaccination. Methods The stratified cluster random sampling was used to select 415 students from the first grade of junior high school to the third grade of senior high school in Urumqi and Ili Prefecture,the students were investigated by the self-made questionnaire Cervical Cancer,Human Papillomavirus （HPV） and HPV Vaccine Awareness Questionnaire-Middle School Students,and the data were analyzed. Results The awareness rate of cervical cancer,HPV and HPV vaccine among 415 middle school students was 51.33%,11.33% and 20.48%,respectively. 82.89% of the respondents were willing to get HPV vaccine. The main factor affecting the awareness rate of cervical cancer was the mother's education level. Compared with the control group,the awareness of cervical cancer in the students whose mothers had college level or above was the highest（χ²=8.846,P=0.003,OR=3.367）. The main factors affecting the willingness to vaccinate HPV vaccine were age and nationality. Compared with the control group,the age groups of 15-<17 and 17-<19 years old were the risk factors of HPV vaccination willingness（OR=6.098,6.596）,and the other ethnic group was the protective factor（χ²=6.794,P=0.009,OR=0.482）. Conclusions The awareness of cervical cancer,HPV and HPV vaccine among middle school students in Urumqi and Ili Prefecture of Xinjiang is low and varied,but the willingness to get HPV vaccine is relatively high. HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge should be included in school-based health education,HPV vaccination coverage should be increased,so as to effectively promote the WHO plan of "elimination of cervical cancer by 2030".

Effect of high-intensity interval exercise and dietary nutrition intervention on physical health of overweight and obese college students

LI Deng-feng, JIANG Tao, BAI Tian-ya, Kaidiriyan·Kuribanjiang, LIU Tao

2023, 39(4): 531-535.

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Objective Through analyzing the influence of high-intensity interval training （HIIT） and nutritional intervention on the physical health of overweight and obese college students by factorial design,to explore the interaction between HIIT exercise and nutrition intervention in the process of adjusting college students' physical health,provide reference basis for formulating measures to prevent and improve obesity among college students,guiding the reform of physical education and improving the physical health level of medical students. Methods From March to May 2022,53 overweight and obese college students were recruited and randomly divided into four groups according to body mass index（BMI）,including 11 people in the control group,15 people in the exercise-only group,11 people in the nutrition-only group,and 16 people in the exercise combined with nutrition intervention group. The exercise intervention adopted HIIT exercise,three times a week,and lasts for eight weeks. The nutrition intervention adopted the diet guidance for the first three weeks and the whole process of WeChat push healthy diet knowledge education. After eight weeks of intervention,the body shape,body composition,body function and physiological items of each group were tested,and the factorial design was used to analyze the main effect and interaction of HIIT exercise,nutrition,and the combined intervention of HIIT exercise and nutrition on the physical health of overweight and obese college students. Results After eight weeks of intervention,the body weight of the exercise-only group,nutrition-only group and exercise combined with nutrition intervention group were reduced by（2.19±1.88）,（3.38±1.37） and （4.78±1.61）kg,respectively,the waist circumference of the exercise combined with nutrition intervention group reduced by（4.52±3.44）cm,and the differences were statistically significant compared with the control group（all P<0.05）. The exercise significantly reduced visceral fat area of college students[（10.60±4.17）cm²],and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. The exercise significantly reduced systolic blood pressure of college students[（14.06±5.48）mm Hg],and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. Conclusions After analysis,it is found that HIIT exercise（three times/week,eight weeks in total） and nutritional intervention have effects on body shape,body composition,lung function,heart rate and blood pressure of overweight and obese college students,but there is no interaction. The HIIT exercise can promote the physical health of overweight and obese college students,but it is necessary to further consider the frequency and duration of weekly exercise to determine the best program. In terms of nutrition intervention,in this study,the nutritional intervention method based on daily dietary guidance and knowledge education is still limited for overweight and obese college students. It is necessary for the school to actively provide scientific guidance on the selection and production of meals in the school cafeteria,and actively guide the health diet of college students,to form healthy eating habits,and improve the physical health of college students.

Occupational acute altitude sickness in grid corporations：A systematic review and meta-analysis

GONG Quan-quan, XIE Lian-ke, DOU Dan-dan, WANG Kun, ZHANG Zhao-bo

2023, 39(4): 536-542.

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Objective To systematically review the incidence of occupational acute altitude sickness in grid corporations,sort out existing prevention and treatment measures,find out the current deficiencies of Chinese power grid enterprises in the prevention and control of acute altitude sickness referring to the relevant prevention and control measures of other countries,and provide the basis for improving the prevention and treatment of occupational acute altitude sickness in the future. Methods A systematic search were conducted on Pubmed,Embase,Cochrane Library,SinoMed,Wanfang and VIP databases from the date of entry to March 14,2021,supplemented by search results from Google and YouTube websites,to collect the studies on the incidence and prevention measures of occupational acute altitude sickness in power grid enterprises. Meta-analysis was performed using the meta package of R software. Results A total of 4 articles were included,3 of which reported the incidence,with a total of 36 839 people and 4 365 cases of acute altitude sickness. After excluding suspicious data,the meta-analysis found that the incidence of occupational acute altitude sickness in grid corporations was 13.46%（95%CI=7.69%-20.53%）. The hazards of occupational acute altitude sickness affected multiple systems throughout the body. The prevention measures mainly included plateau acclimatization and drugs usage. The treatment measures varied according to the severity of the disease. Conclusions At present,studies on the incidence of occupational acute altitude sickness in grid corporations are relatively scarce,and there are certain deficiencies in prevention and treatment measures. It is necessary to establish a systematic and complete technical solution for occupational acute altitude sickness in power grid enterprises as soon as possible,and strengthen personal protection and education of employees.

Analysis of research status and hot spots about caregivers' health literacy based on CiteSpace

LIU Bing-bing, GAO Jing, ZHOU Jing, GAN Miao, PENG Shu-li

2023, 39(4): 543-547.

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Objective To analyze the research status and hot spots of caregivers' health literacy abroad,so as to provide reference for the further development of relevant research,chronic disease management and the construction of aging society in China. Methods With the subject term of "health literature" and "caregiver",the relevant literature publishedin the web of Science Core Corpus database from January 2000 to June 2021 was collected. The CiteSpace.5.8.R1 software was used for visual analysis of relevant data. Results A total of 584 literatures were included in this study,and the annual number of articles issued showed an increasing trend. Three author cooperation teams were initially formed. The institutes were mainly local colleges and universities,and the United States was at the forefront of the research.The research focuses on the health literacy level of caregivers of infants,children and adults with dementia,chronic diseases and mental diseases,the impact of various intervention measures on improving caregivers' health literacy,and the impact of caregivers' health literacy on the field of health care services. Conclusions At present,the field of caregiver health literacy is in the stage of rapid development in the world,and China is in the initial stage.In view of the current situation of "chronic disease killer" and "rapid aging" in China,it is believed that closely following the research hotspots and conducting in-depth research in this area will provide a new idea for chronic disease management in China,and will be of great significance to the good construction of aging society in China.

Detection and analysis on occupational hazard factors in a concrete production enterprise in Shaanxi Province

HUANG Xin-yu, LIU Zhen-wen, ZHANG Ning-ning, LIANG Kai, QI Bao-ning, WANG Zhen-zhen

2023, 39(4): 548-551.

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Objective To detect and analyze the occupational hazard factors in a concrete production enterprise in Shaanxi Province,provide protective measures for workers' health. Methods According to the correlative national standards and requirements,the occupational hazard factors in a concrete production enterprise in Shaanxi Province were detected and analyzed from July to August in 2020 by means by on-site investigation and sanitary testing methods. Results The main occupational hazard factors in the workplace of a concrete production enterprise in Shaanxi Province were silica dust,noise and power frequency electric field. The content of free silica in the air of the workplace was 15.8%. The time weighted average allowable concentrations of silica dust（total dust） and silica dust（exhaled dust） of auxiliary workers of concrete production line were 1.10 and 0.67 mg/m³ respectively,which the dust exposure level exceeded the occupational health exposure limit. The equivalent sound level of workers exposed to noise for 40 hours was 58.1-84.7 dB（A）. The power frequency electric field intensity value was 0.025 58 kV/m. The detection results all met the requirements of occupational exposure limits. Conclusion The exposure noise intensity and power frequency electric field intensity of workers in a concrete production enterprise in Shaanxi Province meet the occupational health requirements,while the dust exposure level of auxiliary workers exceeds the occupational exposure limit,so the effective preventive measures should be taken to control dust.

Research progress of electronic health literacy theory and evaluation tools

ZHOU Chang-qing, HU Hui, AI Ya-ting, YANG Yi, DENG Bei, PENG Yun-qiao

2023, 39(4): 552-556.

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"Internet plus health" is an important trend in today's society. The electronic health literacy（e-health literacy） is an essential factor for promoting the full utilization of e-health resources and services and in the field of e-health research. Understanding the path through which e-health literacy affects people's health and effectively evaluating the level of people's e-health literacy is an important premise to guide people through the use of electronic resources to maintain and promote health,prevent and manage diseases. As a key concept in the emerging field,the research on e-health literacy has developed rapidly in recent twenty years. This study combs and updates the formation process of concept of e-health literacy,the theoretical model of e-health literacy and the latest main evaluation tools,and describs the source and content of the theoretical model and the evaluation dimensions,scoring methods,reliability and validity of the evaluation tools in detail from the perspective of comprehensive and specificity,so as to provide reference for the future research of e-health literacy in China and promoting the development of electronic health.

Historical evolution and development status of fecal microbia transplantation

CHEN Meng, WANG Nian, SHEN Xiang-ying, FANG Ting, FENG Hong, ZHAO Xue-jiao

2023, 39(4): 557-560.

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The fecal microbia transplantation（FMT） is a new technology to treat diseases by reconstructing the intestinal flora of patients. It had developed rapidly in recent years and had shown an important value in the treatment of many diseases. However,the public knows very little about it. We review the historical origin,evolution,and development status of FMT at home and abroad,in order to make more people understand the clinical value of FMT.

Research progress of frailty model

WU Jiao-jiao, ZHANG Li-li, SHEN Xiang-ying, MA Xiao-jie

2023, 39(4): 561-565.

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The frailty syndrome is a group of clinical syndromes characterized by decreased physical reserve function and resistance,which can reduce self-care ability and the ability to deal with stress events of the patients and increase the risk of adverse health outcomes such as falls,hospitalization and death.It is considered to be highly prevalent with in creasing age,which is a serious threat to the health of the elderly.In recent years,the frailty has attracted more and more attention from scholars and become a hot topic in aging research.We review the research progress of frailty modelthrough systematic reading of relevant research at home and abroad.

Research progress of cognitive enhancement and online cognitive training

ZHANG Xin-yue, ZHANG Ying, ZHU Xia

2023, 39(4): 566-570.

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Based on cognitive training has become a hot topic of many subjects and the public at home and abroad,we first illustrate the limitations that psychological training in the past could not improve individual cognitive ability,then highlight the advantages and importance of cognitive training in many ways of cognitive enhancement,finally analyze along with the time development,online cognitive training has become main means to improve to meet the needs of different people. Future research can further explore the improvement effect of online cognitive training,so as to provide more evidence and guidance for the daily cognitive improvement of healthy people.

Research progress on job burnout-related factors and prevention strategies among anesthesiology residents

CHENG Zhou, YU Qi-jin, LEI Shao-qing

2023, 39(4): 571-576.

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The anesthesiology is a medical specialty with a high degree of specialization. Anesthesiology department is characterized by long working hours,unpredictable working hours,high working intensity and great working pressure. The job burnout is common among anesthesiologists,and the resident stage is the most frequent stage of job burnout. The burnout adversely affects residents' mental,physical,occupational health,and medical safety,including sleep disorders,depression,increased use of psychotropic and antidepressant medications,cardiovascular disease,metabolic disease,musculoskeletal disease,absenteeism,separation,medical errors,and suicidal intentions. The job burnout has a significant impact on individuals and medical institutions,and it is necessary to take preventive interventions. The paper summarizes the predisposition factors of anesthesiology residents' job burnout and its impact on mental health,physical health and career development,and proposes corresponding prevention strategies.

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