Table of Content

01 October 2023, Volume 39 Issue 19

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Treatise

Study on home environmental safety assessment and influencing factors of the elderly in Urumqi

XIE Huiqun, ZHANG Jian, CHEN Yina, LIU Rui, XIA Huiling

2023, 39(19):  2593-2596. 

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Objective To understand the current situation and influencing factors of home environment safety of the elderly in Urumqi,provide a reference basis for the aging-friendly renovation of the elderly home environment. Methods A total of 545 elderly people in eight communities in Urumqi were selected by stratified whole-group sampling method,and a household survey was conducted from August 2021 to March 2022 using the home environment safety assessment questionnaire. Results The mean score of home environment safety for the elderly was （103.07±7.78）points. According to the mean score,the low group accounted for 48.81%,and the high group accounted for 51.19%. The mean scores of each dimension entry in descending order were （1.43±0.59）points for doors and windows,（1.98±0.23）points for bathrooms,（2.20±0.27）points for kitchens,（2.51±0.26）points for bedrooms,and scores ofclothes and shoes were（2.69±0.29）points. The linear stepwise regression analysis revealed that the number of people with mobility impairment at home（β=-1.974）,self-rated environmental safety（β=2.148）,education level（β=0.499）,housing area（β=2.889） and marriage（β=-1.095） were the factors influencing the level of environmental safety at home for the elderly. Conclusion The home environment safety level of urban elderly people in Urumqi is at a medium to low level,and it is necessary to pay high attention to the home environment of elderly people with high number of mobility problems,poor self-assessed environment,low education level,small housing area and unaccompanied elderly people,and provide them with corresponding environmental improvement measures to improve their home safety level.

Research on status of career aspiration of nurses in oncology ICU and its relationship with coping styles after experiencing patient bullyingand resilience

WANG Guozhou, CHEN Lei, CHI Yuanyuan, ZHANG Ranxu, YU Simiao

2023, 39(19):  2597-2602. 

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Objective To understand the status quo of career aspirations among nurses in oncology intensive care unit（ICU）,explore the its relationship with coping styles and resilience. Methods In February 2021,a total of 269 nurses in the ICU of 14 tertiary oncology hospitals across the country were investigated using general information questionnaire,patient mistreatment scale,nurse's coping way questionnaire,Connor-Davidsion resilience scale（CD-RISC） and career aspiration scale. Results The total score of patient mistreatment was （39.69±10.55）points,and the total score of resilience was （52.63±15.17）points. The total score of career aspiration was （11.67±5.45）points,the most commonly used coping style was problem solving[（2.30±0.74）points] and positive perceptions[（2.24±0.88）points]. The correlation analysis showed that problem solving,avoidance and self blame,alleviating emotional distress,seeking social support,positive recognition,and behavioral disengagement were all positively correlated with career aspirations（r=0.155-0.706,all P<0.05）,while resilience was positively correlated with career aspirations（r=0.451,P<0.01）. The hierarchical multiple regression showed that gender,education,resilience,avoidance and self-blame entered the regression equation,which together explained 33.3% of the variation of career aspirations. Conclusions It is common for oncology ICU nurses to experience patient bullying,and gender,education,coping way and resilience are the main influencing factors of career aspirations. The nursing administrators should take measures to improve the resilience level of oncology ICU nurses and help them cope with pressure such as patient bullying with an optimistic attitude,and improve their career aspirations.

Study on psychological adaptation and its influencing factors in preselected recruits

ZHA Peitao, TANG Yingdan, HE Ying, ZHENG Fangfang, ZHANG Ying, YANG Guoyu

2023, 39(19):  2603-2606. 

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Objective To investigate the level of psychological adaptation and its influencing factors in preselected recruits,so as to provide evidence for psychological intervention in pre-service training. Methods Totally 1 199 preselected recruits in Qingdao City of Shandong Province were surveyed from March to April 2022 with the army recruit adaptability questionnaire,self-rating anxiety scale（SAS）,self-rating depression scale（SDS）,Chinese perceived stress scale（CPSS）,interpersonal sensitive factor in symptom check list 90（SCL-90）,and the data were analyzed. Results The adaptation score[M（P₀,P₁₀₀）] of preselected recruits was 54（40, 130）. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of psychological adaptation among the preselected recruits with different household type,family structure,parenting style,pre-service training modes and interpersonal communication（all P<0.05）. The psychological adaptation score in preselected recruits was positively correlated with SAS score（r=0.710,P<0.01）,positively correlated with SDS score（r=0.553,P<0.01）,positively correlated with CPSS score（r=0.520,P<0.01）,and positively correlated with interpersonal sensitive factor of SCL-90（r=0.562,P<0.01）. The SAS,SDS,CPSS,SCL-90 interpersonal sensitive factors,household type,pre-service training mode,interpersonal communication were the influencing factors of psychological adaptation of preselected recruits（β=0.109,0.072,0.465,0.173,-0.040,0.123,0.078,all P<0.05）,with a percentage of explained variance 58%. Conclusion The recruits from urban areas with poor interpersonal communication should be paid more attention to and democratic management is more favorable when conducting a pre-service training. The psychological intervention should be carried out from three aspects of emotional adaptation,interpersonal adaptation and stress adaptation to improve the level of psychological adaptation of preselected recruits.

Application of five occupational health risk assessment methods in welding fume exposure in automobile manufacturing industry

GUO Xiaoxiao, ZHANG Huiqing, MA Hongxing, LIU Jing, ZENG Qiang, ZHAO Xue

2023, 39(19):  2607-2611. 

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Objective To evaluate the health risks of welding fume exposure positions by 5 occupational health risk assessment methodsto,find high-risk positions in time,and compare the applicability,advantages,and disadvantages of each method in the application of welding fume health risk assessment. Methods In November 2021,an on-site survey was carried out in an automobile manufacturing enterprise in Tianjin. According to to the results,the International Council on Mining and Metals（ICMM） occupational health risk assessment methodology,the qualitative method in the MES method and the guidelines and the composite index method were used to conduct an occupational health risk assessment of the risk of pneumoconiosis of welders in welding positions of the automobile manufacturing enterprise. The assessment results of different methods were standardized and compared by risk ratio,and verified in combination with occupational health examination data. Results The on-site survey results showed that the occupational health management of the automobile manufacturing enterpriseis relatively perfect,and the concentration of weldingfumein all regions and welding posts exceeded the standard and was less than 50% of occupational exposure limit（OEL）,and the maximum 8 h time-weighted concentration in welding posts was 1.80 mg/m³ at the front welding post. After the evaluation results of the five methods were standardized,the risk level results were MES method<ICMM quantitative method<ICMM matrix method<guideline qualitative method=guideline comprehensive index method,which is considered to be the occupational health risk of welding fume exposure of welding workers in the enterprise to welders' pneumoconiosis is medium and low-risk level,and the verified physical examination data was consistent with the results of occupational health risk assessment. Conclusion The five methods can be applied to the occupational health risk assessment of welding fume exposure positions in this industry,but there are certain limitations,and a variety of ways should be considered for comprehensive assessment when conducting an occupational health risk assessment of welding fumes in related industries.

Identification of occupational hazard factors and analysis of detection results in an automobile sales service Co.,LTD in Jiaozuo City

ZHANG Yaofeng, MEI Shulin, QI Zhenwen

2023, 39(19):  2612-2616. 

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Objective To understand the occupational hazard factors existing in the process of automobile maintenance（mechanical repair workshop,sheet metal workshop,painting workshop） of an automobile sales service Co.,LTD in Jiaozuo City,detect and analyze the occupational hazard factors of the enterprise,and put forward relevant occupational disease protection suggestions. Methods In November 2021,the composition and dosage of raw and auxiliary materials used in the maintenance process of an automobile sales and service Co.,LTD in Jiaozuo City were investigated through occupational hygiene. Combined with the maintenance process,the occupational hazard factors in the workplace of the company were identified and tested,and the occupational disease protection measures were analyzed. Results There were 20 people exposed to occupational disease hazard factors in the enterprise,and the occupational hazard factors included electric welding fumes,grinding wheel grinding dust,talc dust,paint dust,xylene,butyl acetate,styrene,solvent gasoline,carbon monoxide,carbon dioxide,nitrogen oxides,ozone,manganese and its compounds,noise,ultraviolet radiation,butanol,isopropanol,pentane,n-hexane,n-heptane,methanol,and dichloromethane. The workshops that generate dust in this enterprise are mainly sheet metal workshops and paint spraying workshopsare mainly sheet metal workshops and painting workshops. A total of four operating positions were tested this survey,all of which met the requirements of the Occupational Exposure Limits for Hazardous Factors in the Workplace Part 1：Chemical Hazardous Factors.The workshops that produce chemical poisons are sheet metal workshops,machine repair workshops,and painting workshops. A total of eight operating positions were tested,and the structures all meet the requirements of the Occupational Exposure Limits for Hazardous Factors in the Workplace Part 1：Chemical Hazardous Factors. The L_{EX,8 h} of sheet metal position in sheet metal workshop was 82.1 dB（A）,L_{EX,8 h} of car wash position was 76.8 dB（A）,and L_{EX,8 h} of spray painting position in spray painting workshop was 78.8 dB（A）,the test results were in line with the requirements for the Occupational Exposure Limits for Hazardous Agents in the Workplace Part 2：Physical Agents. The UV radiation measurements of sheet metal workers met the requirements of Occupational Exposure Limits for Hazardous Factors in the Workplace Part 2：Physical Factors. Conclusions It is recommended that the enterprise use water-based paint instead of oil-based paint. The spray booth adopts the upper air supply and lower air exhaust method to reduce the occupational hazard factors that the workers are exposed to.At the same time,it is necessary to supervise and inspect the use of noise-cancelling earplugs at noise workplaces and noise workplaces to ensure that employees wear them correctly.

Correlation between IQUB and swimming exercise in inhibiting tumor growth in nude mice with hepatocellular carcinomabased on RNA-seq

XIAO Chulan, CHEN Jiaojiao, YIN Zifei, LI Bai

2023, 39(19):  2617-2625. 

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Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism of swimming exercise in inhibiting tumor growth in nude mice with hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC） based onRNA-Sequence（RNA-seq）. Methods Ten 4-week-old BALB/c male nude mice were randomly divided into swimming group and control group. The nude mice in the swimming group received subcutaneous tumor inoculation for 1 week after swimming acclimation,and then received swimming training for 4 weeks（0 weight bearing,30 min/d, 5 days/week,consecutive four weeks）. After 4 weeks of swimming training,nude mice were sacrificed. Serum was collected and tumor tissues were measured.RNA-seq was used to analyze the related intervention mechanism. The real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay（RT-qPCR） was used to verify the effect of swimming exercise on IQ motif and ubiquitin domain containing（IQUB） mRNA expression in HCC tissues of nude mice. Based on hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721,the effects of nude mouse serum on proliferation,Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and IQUB mRNA expression of SMMC-7721. Results The average tumor weight of exercise group was （0.136±0.020）g,which was significantly decreased compared with control group[（0.290±0.099）g]（P<0.05）. The results of RNA-Seq showed that the differential gene IQUB may play an important role in the anti-HCC effect of swimming,and it is closely related to the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.Compared with the control group,the relative expression level of IQUB in the exercise group was 0.23±0.05（P<0.05）. Compared with the control group,the relative expression level of IQUB mRNA in exercise serum intervention group was 0.22±0.03（P<0.05）. The serum of nude mice in exercise group could inhibit the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway of HCC cells by LiCl. The expression trend of IQUB in HCC cells was consistent with the protein expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway under the co-intervention of nude mouse serum and LiCl. Conclusion The swimming exercise can inhibit tumor growth in nude mice model of HCC,and IQUB may be an upstream regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway,and may be a potential target of swimming exercise to inhibit the development of HCC.

Relationship between proliferation and invasion of human colorectal cancer induced by dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and expression of miR-129/CDK-14

PU Zhizhong, WU Wan

2023, 39(19):  2626-2632. 

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Objective To investigate the relationship between the proliferation and invasion of human colorectal cancer induced by dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane（DDT） and the expression of microRNA-129（miR-129）/cyclin-dependent kinase-14（CDK-14）. Methods The human colorectal cancer cells with a density of 5×10⁶/mL were treated with DDT at final concentrations of 0.0,100,250,and 500 nmol/L for 72 hours,respectively. The cell viability and cell colony were determined by the 3-（4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl）-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide（MTT） method and methyl violet staining. The apoptosis level was measured by flow cytometry. The invasion and migration levels of cells were measured by transwell chamber（Transwell） and scratch assay. The levels of miR-129,CDK-14,coiled-coil domain-34（CCDC34） and Galactokinase 1（GALK1） were measured by real-time fluorescent reverse transcription（RT-PCR） and Western blotting method. Results The cell proliferation level[（70.59±7.72,76.63±8.32,84.25±9.04 vs 62.58±6.83）%],cell colony（99.95±9.58,215.63±19.85,398.96±35.26 vs 62.63±6.52）,invasion number（76.25±9.58, 154.62±19.51,298.96±38.57 vs 49.65±6.65）,migration level（75.96±14.58,119.69±20.59,165.63±32.68 vs 11.59±2.28）,as well as CDK-14,CCDC34,GALK1 mRNA protein levels in 100,250,500 nmol/L DDT groups were significantly higher than those in the control group（P<0.01）,and the apoptosis rate and miR-129 level were significantly lower than those in the control group（P<0.01）. The cell proliferation level,cell colony,invasion number,migration level,CDK-14 mRNA protein[（1.60±0.28,2.14±0.33,2.99±0.51 vs 0.92±0.16）,（0.42±0.07,0.85±0.14,1.20±0.20 vs 0.21±0.03）],CCDC34（0.48±0.08,0.87±0.15,1.18±0.18 vs 0.28±0.07）,GALK1（0.50±0.09,0.84±0.14,1.22±0.19 vs 0.30±0.08） protein levels in 500 nmol/LDDT group were higher than those in 250 nmol/L DDT group,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.01）. The apoptosis rate（1.70±0.31,1.00±0.16, 0.60±0.11 vs 3.00±0.51） and miR-129（1.42±0.24,0.92±0.15,0.64±0.10 vs 1.78±0.28） level were lower than those in 250 nmol/L DDT group,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.01）.The cell proliferation level,cell colony,invasion number, migration level,CDK-14,CCDC34,and GALK1 mRNA protein levels in 250 nmol/L DDT group were higher than those in 100 nmol/L DDT group,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.01）. The apoptosis rateand miR-129 level in 250 nmol/L DDT group were lower than those in 100 nmol/L DDT group,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.01）. There was a significant dose-response relationship between DDT concentration and cell proliferation level,cell colony,invasion number,migration level,apoptosis rate,miR-129 level,CDK-14,CCDC34,GALK1 mRNA protein level（P<0.01）. Conclusion DDT down-regulates the expression of miR-129 and targets to up-regulate the expression of CDK-14,CCDC34 and GALK1,thereby promoting the proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer cells and inhibiting their apoptosis.

Study on technical optimization and quality control of determination of organochlorine pesticides in drinking water by disk solid phase extraction-gas chromatography

HAN Zhiyu, ZHAN Wei, ZHANG Yong, LI Yong, LI Haoran, TAO Jing

2023, 39(19):  2633-2636. 

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Objective To establish a method for the determination oforganochlorine pesticides,including hexachlorobenzene,α-HCH,γ-HCH,heptachlor,β-HCH,δ-HCH,p,p'-DDE,o,p'-DDT,p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDT,by using disk solid phase extraction-gas chromatography,evaluate with recovery rate-quality control chart to ensure the quality level of testing. Methods 1 L drinking water sample was enriched by using a 47 mm C18 solid-phase extraction membrane,and methylene chloride and ethyl acetate were used for elution,and the constant volume was 1 mL. The hexachlorobenzene,α-HCH,γ-HCH,heptachlor,β-HCH,δ-HCH,p,p'-DDE,o,p'-DDT,p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDT were separated by temperature programming with chromatographic column VF-1 701 ms,and electron capture detector was used to collect data. The quantitation was carried out by the external standard method. Results 10 kinds of organochlorine pesticides showed the good linearity in 10-100 μg/L,and the correlation coefficientswere >0.998 8. The limits of detectionwere 3-5 ng/L. The average recoveries ranged from 87.7% to 116.0% for low,medium,and high concentrations,and the relative standard deviations were 8.3%-15.4%. The center lines of recovery rate-quality control chart（n=20） ranged from 91.8% to 115.3%,and standard deviations（s） were in the range of 11.5%-14.1%. Conclusion This method is simple,quick,and widely used in drinking water monitoring,and the recovery rate-quality control chart can improve the quality of inspection.

Cumulative intake risk assessment of multi-pesicidies in local Dendrobium candidum in Yunnan

ZHU Xiao, LIU Zhitao, HU Wenmin, CHEN Liuping, LIN Ji, DONG Haiyan

2023, 39(19):  2637-2640. 

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Objective To detect pesticide residues in Dendrobium candidum,and evaluate the cumulative risk of acute and chronic dietary intake,so as to provide technical support for safety supervision and local standard formulation. Methods A total of 81 local samples of Dendrobium candidum（dry products） were collected in 2021,and the residues of 5 fungicides and 2 pyrethroid insecticides in Dendrobium candidum were determined. The hazard index（HI） method was used to evaluate the cumulative risk of dietary intake of multiple pesticide residues in Dendrobium candidum. Results The detection rate of difenoconazole was the highest（98.77%）,followed by metalaxyl（91.36%）,propiconazole（77.78%）,prochloraz（58.02%） and pythil（12.20%）,while bifenthrin and cypermethrin were not detected. The total acute cumulative intake（aHI） of the five pesticides detected was 13.64×10^-3,and the total chronic cumulative intake（cHI） was 8.53×10^-3,all less than 1. Conclusion The acute and chronic cumulative dietary exposure risks of fungicide pesticide residues in Dendrobium candidum produced in Yunnan are low,but it is also suggested that the food regulatory authorities should further standardize the use and management of pesticides in Dendrobium candidum.

Epidemiological characteristics of foodborne diseases at rural banquets in Sichuan Province from 2014-2020

LIN Li, JIANG Enfei, CHEN Wen, ZHANG Yu

2023, 39(19):  2641-2644. 

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Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne diseases at rural banquets in Sichuan Province from 2014 to 2020,propose effective preventive measures. Methods Based on the national foodborne disease outbreak monitoring system,the foodborne disease events at rural banquets reported in Sichuan Province from 2014 to 2020 were collected and analyzed. Results From 2014 to 2020,a total of 85 foodborne disease events at rural banquet were reported in Sichuan Province,including 1 725 patients,and there was no death. The peak of foodborne disease outbreaks at rural banquets occurred between July and August,accounting for 36.5%. The meat and meat products were the main cause food,which the number of reported incidents and poisoning cases accounted for 27.1% and 29.4% respectively. The bacterial pathogenic microorganisms were the main cause of disease,which the number of reported incidents and poisoning cases accounted for 58.8% and 67.8% respectively. The main pollution links were improper storage and processing,with the number of reported incidents accounting for 40.0% and 36.5% respectively,and the number of poisoning cases accounting for 41.0% and 40.5% respectively. Conclusions The foodborne diseases at rural banquets in Sichuan Province mainly occur in summer and autumn. The main reason food is meat and meat products,the main pathogenic factor is bacterial microorganisms,and the main pollution links are improper storage and processing. It is suggested that targeted management and education should be carried out to prevent foodborne diseases in rural banquets in accordance with the above epidemic characteristics.

Analysis of incidence trend of notifiable infectious diseases in Luohu District of Shenzhen City from 2011-2020

LUO Cuimei, MAO Saicai, HE Xuesen

2023, 39(19):  2645-2648. 

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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases in Luohu District of Shenzhen City from 2011 to 2020,provide reference for infectious disease prevention and control in future. Methods The information of clinical diagnosis and confirmed infectious disease cases in Luohu District of Shenzhen City from 2011 to 2020 was collected from the China disease prevention and control information system-infectious disease monitoring system,and the data were analyzed. Results From 2011 to 2020,the notifiable infectious diseases in Luohu District showed an overall upward trend year by year,with an average annual incidence rate of 1 487.76/100 000 and an average annual mortality rate of 5.72/100 000. The top five diseases were influenza,hand,foot and mouth disease,other infectious diarrheal diseases,viral hepatitis and syphilis,and category C infectious diseases dominates the epidemic trend of notifiable infectious diseases in Luohu District. According to the type of transmission,intestinal infectious diseases were the most common,showing nochange trend in the past 10 years,followed by respiratory infectious diseases,blood-borne and sexually transmitted infectious diseases,both of which have generally shown an upward trend in the past 10 years,and the overall incidence of other infectious diseases was relatively low. Conclusions From 2011 to 2020,the incidence of notifiable infectious diseases in Luohu District has been on the rise year by year.In the future,it is necessary to focus on the prevention and control of intestinal infectious diseases represented by hand,foot and mouth disease and respiratory infectious diseases represented by influenza,and strengthen the prevention and control of blood-borne and sexually transmitted infectious diseases.

Investigation on quality of life of officers and soldiers in an Air Force station and analysis on influencing factors

ZHOU Jiaxin, ZHANG Linyuan, LANG Hongjuan, ZHOU Yiming, ZHANG Weidong, WU Chao

2023, 39(19):  2649-2652. 

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Objective To understand the quality of life of officers and soldiers in an Air Force station and its influencing factors. Methods Using the random cluster sampling method,a total of 235 officers and soldiers in an Air Force station were investigated by the general information questionnaire and the World Health Organization quality of life-brief version（WHOQOL-BREF） from November to December 2021. Results The scores of quality of life of officers and soldiers in an Air Force station,and the scores of physiological field,psychological field,social field and environmental field were （62.09±10.20）,（73.56±15.98）,（73.52±17.74）,（71.36±18.14） and （69.69±17.65）points,respectively. The scores of air Force station officers and soldiers in all fields were higher than those of officers and soldiers in Tibet（P<0.05）. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that the source,regular exercise,and drinking tea and coffee had effects on the quality of life of officers and soldiers at the Air Force station,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The quality of life of the officers and soldiers in the Air Force station needs to be improved in the field of environment,the main factors affecting the quality of life of the officers and soldiers are the source,regular exercise and drinking tea and coffee,and the targeted measures should be taken to improve the quality of life of the officers and soldiers in the Air Force station.

Analysis on influencing factors of infectious diseases and first aid knowledge among 323 employees in an amusement park in Wuhu City

LUO Xue, YUAN Liping, ZHANG Luyu, JIN Lingli, ZHANG Yaqian

2023, 39(19):  2653-2656. 

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Objective To understand the status quo and influencing factors of infectious disease and first aid knowledge among employees in an amusement park in Wuhu City. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted,and 323 employees of anamusement park in Wuhu City were selected as research objects by convenient sampling method from June to July 2022. The online survey was carried out,and the general information questionnaire and knowledge scale of infectious diseases and first aid were used for the study. The contents included training status,knowledge of infectious diseases and knowledge of first aid,the way and attitude of learning first aid knowledge,and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of infectious disease and first aid knowledge of employees in an amusement park in Wuhu City was （14.67±3.22）points,and the score of infectious disease was （10.32±2.18）points. The education level,accident occurrence,family income level,training times,and demand for first aid knowledge were the main influencing factors of infectious disease and first aid knowledge of employees（all P<0.05）. Conclusions The knowledge of infectious diseases and first aid of employees in an amusement park in Wuhu City is at a medium level. It is necessary to focus on employees with low education level,no accidents,low family income,few training times and low demand for first aid knowledge,and conduct targeted training for them,so as to improve their knowledge of infectious diseases first aid and promote the benign development of life-saving industry in the water park,thus constantly improving the public water entertainment safety system,promoting the process of healthy China.

Mediating effect of career commitment on work-family positive spillover and depression among medical staff

SHAO Kai, GUO Fei, CHEN Zhiyan

2023, 39(19):  2657-2662. 

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Objective To investigate the relationship between work-family positive spillover,depression and career commitment among medical staff,explore the mediating role of career commitment between them. Methods From January to March in 2022,408 medical workers were recruited to participate the survey by using the simplified Chinese version of center for epidemiologic studies depression scale（CES-D）,work-family positive spillover scale and career commitment scale through an online platform,and the data were analyzed. Results The depression score[M（P₂₅,P₇₅）] of medical workers was 5（3,9）points,96（23.5%） had risk of depression. In work-family positive spillover,the scores of positive spillovers from work to family dimension and from family to work dimension were （3.25±0.90） and （3.77±0.85）points,respectively. The career commitment score was （25.54±5.71）points. The correlation analysis showed that the career commitment and work-family positive spillover of medical staff were negatively correlated with depression（r=-0.526,-0.358,both P<0.01）,work-family positive spillover was positively correlated with career commitment（r=0.474,P<0.01）. The mediation effect analysis indicated that the career commitment played amediating role between work-family positive spillover and depression,and the mediating effect was -0.218（P<0.01）,accounting for 60.9% of the total effect. Conclusions The work-family positive spillover is an important influencing factor of medical staff's depression,and career commitment plays a part of mediating role between them. Improving the level of work-family positive spillover of medical staffis is helpful to reduce the level of depression.

Analysis of HIV/AIDS knowledge and related factors among middle-aged and elderly people in rural areas of Luzhou City

LIU Yuhui, YE Yunli, FENG Caibi, XIAO Ticheng, CHEN Hang, FAN Song

2023, 39(19):  2663-2667. 

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Objective To understand the knowledge of HIV/AIDS among middle-aged and elderly people in rural areas of Luzhou and their awareness of low-grade commercial sex,then provide a reference for the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS among middle-aged and elderly people in this area. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among the middle-aged and elderly population in rural areas of Luzhou City from July to August 2020 using a convenient sampling method,and the data was analyzed. Results A total of 639 people were investigated,and the knowledge awareness rate of AIDS related knowledge was 33.6%. TV and radio（49.1%） were the main channels to obtain AIDS knowledge. 66.7% of the respondents knew about "Banban Tea",while 51.6% did not know whether "Banban Tea" could infect AIDS. The factors that promote the increase of awareness rate did AIDS related knowledge among the middle-aged and elderly in rural areas were junior high school education（OR=2.007, 95%CI：1.129-3.571）,education level of high school or technical secondary school or above（OR=2.695,95%CI：1.232-5.896）,people who do not avoid people living with AIDS（OR=1.641,95%CI：1.035-2.601）,people who believed that "Ban ban Tea" can transmit AIDS（OR=2.464,95%CI：1.645-3.691）,had engaged in organized health education activities（OR=2.909,95%CI： 1.759-4.809）,and had previously acquired HIV/AIDS knowledge through television and/or radio（OR=1.751,95%CI：1.118-2.741）. Conclusions The knowledge about AIDS among middle-aged and elderly people in rural areas of Luzhou City is poor,and they have a low awareness of the risk of AIDS transmission from low-grade commercial sex "Banban Tea". According to the characteristics of rural middle-aged and elderly people and regional characteristics,various and easily accepted health education should be carried out to improve the middle-aged and elderly people's correct understanding of AIDS and "Banban Tea",change dangerous behaviors,and reduce the risk of AIDS infection.

Relationship between subjective well-being and depressive symptoms of psychiatric medical staff

SUN Yue, XUN Zhiyuan

2023, 39(19):  2668-2671. 

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Objective To understand the level of depressive symptoms of psychiatric medical staff and the relationship between subjective well-being and depressive symptoms during the normalization of the prevention and control of. Method From February 25 to March 8,2022,a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 370 medical and nursing staff in a psychiatric tertiary grade a hospital in Tianjin,and the data were analyzed. Results During the normalization of epidemic prevention and control,the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale（CES-D） score M（P₂₅,P₇₅） of the nondepression symptom group of psychiatric medical staff in a psychiatric hospital in Tianjin was 7（3,12）,the total score of subjective well-being was 96（89 104）,the CES-D of the depression symptom group was 24（21,28）,the total score of subjective well-being was 80（74,85）,and the detection rate of depression symptoms was 33.8%. The scores of subjective well-being,positive emotions and life satisfaction in the depression symptom group were significantly lower than those in the non depression symptom group,while the scores of negative emotions were significantly higher than those in the non depression symptom group（all P<0.01）. After adjusting for professional titles and family relationships, the positive emotion factor score（95%CI：0.821-0.916）,negative emotion factor score（95%CI：1.195-1.348） and life satisfaction factor score（95%CI：0.879-0.985） in subjective well-being were all correlated with the occurrence of depressive symptoms（all P<0.01）. Conclusion The detection rate of depressive symptoms of psychiatric medical staff in a psychiatric hospital in Tianjin was high. Subjective well-being was the influencing factor of depressive symptoms. High positive emotions and high life satisfaction were the protective factors of depressive symptoms,and high negative emotions were the risk factors of depressive symptoms.

Investigation on work stress of nurses in primary medical and health institutions in Tianjin under background of epidemic normalization

WANG Li, YU Wenchao, LIU Xianduo, CHEN Na, YUAN Xiaohua, DU Yue

2023, 39(19):  2672-2676. 

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Objective To investigate the current situation of nurses' working pressure in primary medical and health institutions in Tianjin,and analyze the influencing factors of pressure,so as to provide reference for managers of primary medical and health institutions to effectively reduce nurses' working pressure. Methods From June to July 2022,the convenience sampling was used to conduct a cross-sectional survey of 923 nurses from 99 primary medical and health institutions in Tianjin by using the Chinese nurse job stressors scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The job stressors scale score of 923 nurses was （80.30±23.49）points,and the average score of each item was（2.29±0.92）points,among which the three dimensions of workload and time allocation,nursing professional work and patient care had the highest score. The age,number of night shifts per month and employment form were the influencing factors of work stress of nurses in primary medical and health institutions（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The working pressure of nurses in primary medical and health institutions in Tianjin is above medium level,and the nursing managers should establish long-term incentive mechanism,flexible scheduling and post transfer mechanism,and enhance the sense of professional honor of nurses through publicity and guidance mechanism,so as to reduce the working pressure of nurses.

Study on current situation and countermeasures of occupational stress among pediatric surgeons in Tianjin

JIN Mingjun, CUI Deli, WU Wen, DONG Liang, LIU Wei

2023, 39(19):  2677-2680. 

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Objective To understand the occupational stress status and influencing factors of pediatric surgeons,provide a basis for reducing the work pressure faced by pediatric surgeons and protecting their mental health. Methods The in-service pediatric surgeons ingrade-A tertiary hospitals in Tianjin were selected from 2020 to 2021 as the survey objects. The basic situation of individuals,occupational stress,life satisfaction,fatigue accumulation,and influencing factors of occupational stress were obtained through questionnaires,and were analyzed to propose the corresponding countermeasures. Results A total of 97 objects were investigated,the detection rate of occupational stress was 58.76%,the detection rate of low life satisfaction was 30.93%,and the detection rate of fatigue accumulation was 91.75%. The logistic regression analysis showed that age,life satisfaction,and fatigue accumulation were the influencing factors of occupational stress（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The occupational tension of pediatric surgeons cannot be ignoredand and effective measures should be taken in time to improve the psychological status of pediatric surgeons in order to better serve children.

Cross-sectional study on environmental health of rural area in Shantou City from 2016 to 2020

TANG Long, LI Shengpeng, CHEN Qing, CHEN Wan, HAN Jiaqi

2023, 39(19):  2681-2686. 

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Objective To understand levels and dynamic changes of environmental health situations in rural areas of Shantou City in Guangdong Province,provide scientific basis for improving rural health standards. Methods From 2016 to 2020,400 administrative villages and 2 000 families were selected from 4 districts（counties） in rural areas of Shantou City by the stratified random sampling method for the investigation. The relevant data were collected through surveys and interviews,including basic information,toilets,garbage and sewage,and vector control. The collected data were evaluated to understand environmental health situations in rural areas of Shantou City. Results From 2016 to 2020,the composition of the economic source was statistically significant different（χ²=109.300,P<0.05）,and the main economic source of income was from migrant work since 2017. The drinking water was mainly provided by centralized water supply（99.24%）,and reservoir water was the main water source（63.64%）. The proportion of residents washing their hands before and after using the toilet was 85.7%. The proportion of residents bought pesticides was 28.75%,and 87.65% of the users had taken protective measures when pesticides were used. A few residents had reported discomfort symptoms after dispensing or using pesticides（2.43%）. The pesticide wastes were largely discarded in fields or landfill（56.17%）. The proportion of sanitary toilets was 98.21%,the toilet room were basically clean（99.50%）,and excrement was mainly disposed into drainage systems（79.90%）. The majority of household garbage was collected uniformly and disposed off in landfills. The proportions of straw burning and of agricultural film use had decreased significantly. Most part of domestic sewage was discharged into rivers through pipes. 62.10% of houses had breeding sites for vectors which were mostly garbage delivery points（59.66%）. Most household（75.00%） had carried out control work against mice,flies,mosquitoes and cockroaches. Some administrative villages had no explicit environmental health management systems（5.00%） nor relevant plumbing（16.50） and publicity education（8.75%）. Conclusion The rural environmental health situations in Shantou City has improved from 2016 to 2020,however,personal hygiene awareness,fecal waste sewage treatment,vector prevention and control,and environmental health management should be improved.

Mediating role of self-regulatory fatigue between boredom tendency and short video addiction of adolescents

CHEN Mei, HUANG Shihua

2023, 39(19):  2687-2690. 

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Objective To explore the relationship between boredom tendency and short video addiction of adolescents,and the mediating effect of self-regulatory fatigue. Methods In June 2022,the boredom tendency questionnaire,the self-regulatory fatigue scale,and the short video addiction scale were used to investigate 604 adolescents in Guangzhou City and Maoming City of Guangdong Province.The mediating effect of self-regulatory fatigue was tested by SPSS mediating model. Results The boredom tendency score of 604 adolescents was （43.38±8.96）points,and there were statistically significant differences in the boredom tendency score among adolescents whether only child or not and in different places（both P<0.05）. The self-regulatory fatigue score was （44.26±7.27）points,and there were statistically significant differences in the self-regulatory fatigue score among adolescents in different gender（P<0.01）. The short video addiction score was （37.91±10.49）points. 182 adolescents were addicted to short video,and the detection rate was 30.13%.There was statistically significant difference in short video addiction among adolescents whether only child or not and in different gender（both P<0.05）.There were significant positive correlations between short video addiction and boredom tendency,self-regulating fatigue（r=0.38,0.36,both P<0.01）. The boredom tendency positively predicted short video addiction in adolescents（β=0.28,P<0.01）,and self-regulatory fatigue partially mediated the relationship between boredom tendency and short video addiction（β=0.10,P<0.01）. Conclusion The status of short video addiction among adolescents in Guangzhou City and Maoming City of Guangdong Province is not optimistic,the boredom tendency can not only directly affect short video addiction of adolescents,but also indirectly affect short video addiction through self-regulating fatigue.

Correlation analysis between professional self-concept and career maturity of nursing undergraduates before clinical practice in Shaanxi Province

YANG Chunzhi, LU Dandan, YAO Jie, LIU Fang

2023, 39(19):  2691-2695. 

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Objective To explore the relationship between professional self-concept and career maturity of nursing undergraduates before clinical practice in Shaanxi Province,provide references for promoting their career maturity. Methods From May to June 2020,589 nursing undergraduates who will start clinical practice in 4 undergraduate nursing colleges in Shaanxi Province were selected as survey subjects by convenient sampling method. The data were collected by means of general information questionnaire,nursing professional self-concept scale,and career maturity scale,and the correlation between status of professional self-concept and career maturity were analyzed. Results The total score of professional self-concept of nursing undergraduates before practice was （85.81±10.76）points,and the total score of career maturity was （108.44±11.24）points. There was a positive correlation between professional self-concept and career maturity（r=0.463,P<0.01）. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that three dimensions of professional self-concept,including management ability,satisfaction and communication ability,were included in the influencing factor model of career maturity of nursing students before practice（F=64.827,P<0.01）,which could independently explain 24.6% variation of career maturity. Conclusion The higher level of professional self-concept of nursing undergraduates before clinical practice,the higher level of professional maturity,so the nursing educators should pay attention to the cultivation and improvement of professional self-concept of nursing students to promote the career maturity of nursing undergraduates before practice.

Analysis on status and influencing factors of health education needs among freshmen from a college in Hunan Province

KANG Jian, ZHOU Zhihong, LI Ting, DAI Meifang

2023, 39(19):  2696-2699. 

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Objective To analysis the current situation of health education needs among freshmen from a college in Hunan Province and its influencing factors. Methods A total of 386 freshmen from a college in Hunan Province were collected by the stratified cluster random sampling from September to December 2022,the health education demand scale of college students was used in investigation,and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of health education needs for college freshmen was （7.17±0.12）points,among which the highest score was the dimension of health level improvement,with a score of（1.88±0.03）points,mental health promotion was （1.77±0.03）points,life and safety education was （1.77±0.03）points,and scientific knowledge popularization was （1.75±0.03）points. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of health level improvement,mental health promotion and scientific knowledge popularization among freshmen with different gender,major,received health education courses before enrollment or not,participated in hospital health examinations or not,and the need to establish health education curriculum（all P<0.01）. There were statistically significant differences among freshmen with different gender,major,received health education courses before enrollment or not,participated in hospital health examinations or not,and life and safety education scores（all P<0.01）. Conclusion The health education needs among freshmen from a college in Hunan Province is high,and college health administrators and health education personnel should pay attention to the health education needs in college freshmen,and improve the courses related to health education.

Meta-analysis of HIV self-testing status and influencing factors among MSM in China

LI Na, LEI Qing, WANG Yaxin, SHE Guifang, SUN Hongyan

2023, 39(19):  2700-2704. 

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Objective To systematically evaluate the utilization rate and influencing factors of HIV self-testing（HIVST） among men who have sex with men（MSM） in China,so as to provide reference for the popularization and implementation of HIVST. Methods The databases of CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,PubMed,Web of Science,Embase and The Cochrane Librarywere searched,and the literature about HIVST usage among MSM in China were systematically collected from database establishment to November 2022. The meta-analysis was performed on included literature by Stata15.0 software. Results Totally 13 articles were included,and the HIVST rate of MSM population was 47.6%（95%CI：37.3%-57.9%）. The education level（OR=1.922,95%CI：1.409-2.623）,marital status（OR=1.727,95%CI：1.188-2.509）,previously tested for HIV（OR=3.119,95%CI：1.557-6.247）,multiple sexual partners（OR=1.486,95%CI：1.252-1.764）,use of addictive substances in the past year（OR=1.489,95%CI：1.215-1.826）,ways to find sexual partners（OR=1.863,95%CI：1.427-2.433）,same-sex commercial sex（OR=1.925,95%CI：1.489-2.489） and students（OR=2.278,95%CI：1.242-4.177） were the influencing factors of HIVST in MSM population. Conclusions The HIV self-testing rate of MSM in China is 47.6%. The MSM who are bachelor/college degree or above,married,have tested for HIV,have multiple sexual partners,have used drugs in the past year,search for sexual partners online,students,and have same-sex commercial sexual activity are more likely to use HIV self-testing. According to the characteristics of its population,it is necessary to adopt various intervention measures such as peer education and network publicity,and constantly promote the correct use of HIVST,so as to improve the HIVST rate of HIV in China.

Prevalence of sleep disorders in the Chinese college students：A meta-analysis

ZHOU Yang, WANG Lan, FANG Xiaofeng, QU Guiyu

2023, 39(19):  2705-2709. 

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Objective To systematically evaluate the prevalence and distribution characteristics of sleep disorders among college students in China. Methods The PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Cochrane,VIP,CNKI,WanFang and CBM databases were searched for relevant studies on the prevalence of sleep disorders among Chinese university students from January 2016 to May 2022,and 2 researchers independently performed literature screening,extracted information and evaluated the quality of the included literature,and the meta-analysis of the included literature was performed by Stata 15.0 software. Results A total of 58 papers were included,with a total sample size of 94 829 cases,and the pooled prevalence of sleep disorders among college students in China was 22.8%（95%CI：19.8%-25.7%）. The subgroup analysis results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the prevalence among college students in different gender,major,grade,smoking,drinking,survey year and region（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The prevalence of sleep disorders among college students in China is high,which should be paid attention to.

Prevalence of childhood emotional abuse among college students in Chinese mainland：A meta-analysis

REN Huifang, XU Tianyu, CHI Weichao, DONG Huiqin

2023, 39(19):  2710-2714. 

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Objective To observe the overall prevalence and related influencing factors of childhood emotional abuse among college students in Chinese mainland from January 2011 to December 2021. Methods With setting retrieval time from January 2011 to December 2021,the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 3.3 software was used to finish the meta analysis on 50 selected Chinese and foreign research pieces of literature from China national knowledge infrastructure（CNKI） and Web of Sciences. Results In the past 10 years,the overall prevalence of childhood emotional abuse among college students in Chinese mainland was 23.6%（95%CI：0.171-0.317,P<0.05）. The further research results indicated that the prevalence of childhood emotional abuse among college students was affected by economic region factors（QB=14.869,P<0.05）,and it ranked from high to low as follows：the western,northeast,eastern,and central regions. The year of publication negatively predicted the prevalence（B=-0.134,95%CI： -0.262--0.007,P<0.05）. There were no statistically significant differences among measuring tools and gender factors（QB=6.254, 0.629,both P>0.05）. Conclusion The prevalence of childhood emotional abuse among college students in Chinese mainland is high,and it is necessary to pay more attention to the prevention and intervention of emotional abuse in childhood to actively promote the healthy development of children.

Investigation and Research

Analysis on occupational exposure characteristics and influencing factor of medical staff with sharp instrument injury in a tertiary general hospital in Beijing from 2012-2020

HU Aixiang, LI Jing, YU Xinwei, CHENG Shi, HAN Wei, ZHANG Yuewei

2023, 39(19):  2715-2718. 

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Objective To understand the occupational exposure characteristics and influencing factor of medical staff with sharp instrument injury in a tertiary general hospital in Beijing from 2012 to 2020,provide evidence for making protection strategy of occupational exposure. Methods A retrospective survey method was used to analyze the data of occupational exposure to sharp instrument occurred and reported in a tertiary general hospital in Beijing from January 2012 to December 2020. Results Among 49 doctors and 67 nurses,the medical staff with work experience less than 5 years were the major population of sharp instrument injury,including 41（83.67%） doctors and 46（68.66%） nurses. The sharp instrument injuries of doctor were mostly because they are injured by suture needle at the time of surgical suture（55.10%）,and the sharp instrument injuries of nurse were mostly because they are injured by syringe needle when they are drawing blood or giving an infusion（55.20%）. The main exposure source of sharp instrument injury for doctors and nurses was viral hepatitis type B（HBV）,accounting for 59.18% and 41.79%（P>0.05）. The doctors（77.60%） had more knowledge about blood borne diseases in patients than nurses（49.30%）（P<0.05）. The proportion of doctor who treat the wound properly（26.50%） was lower than that of nurse（65.70%）（P<0.05）. The work intensity of medical staff in some departments was positively correlated with exposure frequency（P<0.05）. Conclusions The sharp instrument injury in a tertiary general hospital in Beijing from 2012 to 2020 mainly occurred in the junior medical staff,occupational exposure protection training should be intensified for junior medical staff. The high risk factors of sharp instrument injury of doctor is surgical suture,and the percentage of correct treatment after exposure is lower than that of nurses,so the training on proper post-exposure management should be strengthened in doctor. The high risk factors of sharp instrument injury of nurse is drawing blood or giving an infusion,and nurses know less about blood-borne diseases than doctors,so it is necessary to strengthen nurses' understanding of blood-borne diseases of patients. Meanwhile,in order to avoid sharp injury caused by overload,it is necessary to reasonably arrange the workload of medical staff.

Health Management and Research

Study oncost and DRG of discharged patients with herpes zoster in agrade-A tertiary TCM hospital of Tianjin

GUO Xuening, GAO Yi, LI Jing, ZHANG Min, ZHAO Liang

2023, 39(19):  2719-2723. 

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Objective In order to restrain the rapid rise of medical expenses in our country,many medical insurance authorities are trying to adopt payment according to diagnosis related groups（DRGs）. Currently,hospitals and medical insurance authoritiesnegotiate the payment weights for various diseases in Tianjin.This paper studies the cost of hospitalized patients with herpes zoster,hoping to provide a basis for negotiation. Methods The cross-sectional study method and SPSS24 statistical software were used to analyze the factors related to the medical expenses of patients with herpes zoster in agrade-A tertiary TCM hospital in Tianjin form January 2019 to December 2020. The patients were grouped according to the DRGS provided by medical insurance institutions,and the weights of each group were calculated according to the baseline costs in Tianjin. Results A total of 1 871 discharged patients were enrolled,with an average age[M（P₂₅,P₇₅） ] of 65（57,71） years old. The average length of hospitalization was 11（9,13）days,and the average cost was （13 758.22±3 545.90） yuan.It was found that the cost of hospitalization was correlated with the length of stay and age（P<0.01）,but not with gender（P>0.05）. The weights of each group were calculated according to the relevant groups of disease diagnosis.In the study of discharged patients in this hospital using the national version of DRG grouping,it was found that among the diseases with different ICD-10 codes in SU1 Group in the adjacent diagnosis related group（ADRG）,there was statistically significant differences in hospitalization costs between disseminated zoster（B02.700） and uncomplicated zoster（B02.900）（Z=-8.063,P<0.01）. Conclusions The weight calculated from the data of this hospital can be used as a reference in the formulation of DRG weight by Tianjin medical insurance department. As the patient increases with age,it will cause more medical expenses and time costs,so the medical insurance department should provide appropriate compensation. In the study of the national DRG grouping,the study finds ambiguity in individual disease groups and suggests reprogramming B02.700 disseminated zoster in ICD-10 from SU1 in ADRG into JS1.

Overview

Research progress in vocational rehabilitation of patients with mental disorders

ZHU Zhengmin, JIANG Xiaojian, XIANG Tingting, WANG Liyi, WANG Weiyue, GE Yingqiong

2023, 39(19):  2724-2727. 

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With the rising prevalence of mental illness in China,the economic burden brought about by it has also increased.Promoting the return of patients with mental disorders to society is the focus of mental health work. The occupational rehabilitation is an important way for patients with mental disorders to return to society.This paper expounds the concept of vocational rehabilitation,the development status of vocational rehabilitation model for patients with mental disorders and the influencing factors of vocational rehabilitation for patients with mental disorders,so as to provide reference for the research and development of vocational rehabilitation for patients with mental disorders,and provide reference for public mental health service providers and decision makers to integrate and coordinate the resources of vocational rehabilitation for people with mental disorders.

Progress of research in economic burden of HFMD

WANG Yaru, LU Yihan

2023, 39(19):  2728-2731. 

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Hand-foot-and-mouth disease（HFMD） is an acute infectious disease with high incidence in children caused by a variety of human enterovirus infections.The affected population is young,highly infectious and critically ill,which brings a heavy economic burden to the family and society.This paper focuses on the research on the economic burden of HFMD at home and abroad since 2008,and systematically expounds it from the time,disease type,case severity and different components of the economic burden,so as to provide a scientific basis for policy-making.

Research progress on occupational protection management of tumor chemotherapy care

YANG Fan, LIU Ruihong, WANG Juan

2023, 39(19):  2732-2736. 

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The global incidence rate and mortality of cancer are rising rapidly with the aggravation of environmental pollution and population aging,and the demand for chemotherapy in cancer patients has also increased accordingly,but as we all know,chemotherapy drugs are various,special in nature,mostly cytotoxic. In recent years,more and more studies have shown that long-term exposure to anti-tumor drugs will also pose a potential threat to the physical and mental health of clinical nursing workers engaged in tumor chemotherapy. Mastering comprehensive chemotherapy occupational protection knowledge and measurescan effectively reduce or avoid occupational exposure risks. Therefore,by reviewing the research on occupational protection management of chemotherapy at home and abroad,this article intends to review the occupational protection content,occupational hazards and protection status of chemotherapy drugs,and chemotherapy protection management measures,in order to improve the occupational protection awareness of clinical cancer chemotherapy nursing staff,avoid or reduce occupational exposure in clinical work,protect their physical and mental health,and improve the comprehensive labor efficiency of hospitals and society.