Table of Content

15 September 2023, Volume 39 Issue 18

Previous Issue    Next Issue

Treatise

Study on occupational health risk assessment of a thermometer manufacturer

ZHANG Hongqun, GUO Jun, FENG Yumeng

2023, 39(18):  2449-2455. 

Asbtract ( 26 )   PDF (1140KB) ( 11 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the optimal model of occupational health risk assessment in thermometer manufacturing enterprises. Methods A thermometer manufacturing enterprise was taken as a research sample,and seven models,including Composite-Index of GBZ/T 298-2017 Guidelines for occupational health risk assessment of chemical hazards in the workplace,supplemental guidance for inhalation risk assessment of environmental protection agency America（EPA）,risk assessment method for occupational exposure to harmful chemicals of ministry of manpower Singapore（MOM）,good practice guidance on occupational health risk assessment of international council on mining and metals（ICMM）,occupational health risk assessment and management guideline of Queensland Australia（Australia）,risk assessment method for occupational accidents and diseases of ministry of labor and social protection department Romania（MLSP）,and control of substances hazardous to health essentials for Health and Safety Executive England（COSHH）,were used to evaluate occupational health risks between July and October 2021. The normalized risk ratio（NRR） was used to quantitatively compare each model and analyze the similarities and differences of the evaluation results of these models. Results All the mercury concentrations in the air of mercury exposed positions in this enterprise were detected to be higher than that of occupational exposure limit（OEL）,and all these positions were assessed to have high occupational health risks. The risk assessment results of comprehensive index method,ICMM and MOM were high risk（grade 4）,which was consistent with that of expert consultation method,lower than EPA's extremely high risk（grade 5）,but higher than Australian's,COSHH's medium risk（grade 3） and MLSP's low risk （grade 3）.The consistence of NRR of the comprehensive index method to MOM and ICMM was general（Kappa=0.286,P<0.05）,and the difference was not statistically significant（Z=-1.622,-0.816,P>0.05）. The consistence of Australia and ICMM was general（Kappa=0.211,P<0.05）,and difference was not statistically significant（Z=-3.317,P<0.05）. The consistence of Australia and COSHH was poor（Kappa<0.05,P<0.05）,and difference was not statistically significant（Z=-1.000,P>0.05）.The consistency of other models were poor,and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. Conclusion The comprehensive index model is suitable for the occupational health risk assessment of thermometer manufacturing enterprises,followed by MOM model and ICMM model,while the other four common models is not recommended.

Effects of SiO₂ exposure on expression of pro-fibrotic factor TGF-β1 and pulmonary fibrosis in lung tissue of silicosis model mice

MO Aowei, SHAO Luocheng, CHEN Lixia, LIU Jiale, HU Wenjian, TAO Huihui

2023, 39(18):  2456-2460. 

Asbtract ( 19 )   PDF (3952KB) ( 11 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the effects of exposure to different concentrations of SiO₂ on the expression of transforming growth factor-β1（TGF-β1） and the degree of pulmonary fibrosis in silicosis model mice,so as to provide an early warning for exposure to SiO₂ dust in the occupational environment and provide relevant animal data support for the clinical diagnosis and intervention of silicosis. Methods 30 C57BL/6 wild-type male mice aged 10-12 weeks were randomly divided into three groups with 10 mice in each group. The animals were respectively given normal saline,10 mg/mL SiO₂ saline suspension,and 20 mg/mL SiO₂ saline suspension at a dose of 50 μL/mouse by the nasal feeding per day for 28 days,to establish saline control group,low-dose silicosis and high-dose silicosis model groups. After nasal feeding,the body weight of mice was weighed. After 90 days,the lung tissues of mice were taken,and the pathological changes of mice lungs were observed by hematoxylin and eosin（HE） and Masson staining. The paraffin section fluorescence staining and Western blot were used to detect the expression of TGF-β1 in lung tissues. The immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression levels of α-SMA,collagen Ⅰ,Fibronectin and N-cadherin. The experimental results were analyzed statistically to determine the relationship between the expression level of cytokine TGF-β1 and the degree of pulmonary fibrosis and SiO₂ exposure. Results During the SiO₂ exposure period,the body weight of mice in the control group was basically normal,and the body weight of mice in the two SiO₂ groups began to decrease significantly on the 20th day. The lung tissue structure at all levels are clear and complete in the control group mice. In the low-dose and high-dose SiO₂ model groups,the lung tissue was found the alveoli collapse,thickening of alveolar interval,increased pulmonary nodules and blue increased collagen deposition. The differences in the pulmonary nodule area and collagen area were statistically significant among three groups（P<0.05）,which were （0.732±0.1447）% and （10.170±1.301）%,（8.126±0.758）% and （11.690±0.9185）%,（31.690±1.897）% and（43.230±2.290）%,respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the expression level of profibrotic proteins,including fibrogenic factor TGF-β1,fibroblast activation markers α-SMA,epithelial-mesenchymal transition key protein N-cadherin,and extracellular matrix collagenⅠ,among the control group,low-dose and high-doseSiO₂ model groups（P<0.05）,and the expression levels were positively correlated with SiO₂ exposure. Conclusion The expression level of pro-fibrotic factor TGF-β1 and the degree of pulmonary fibrosis are positively correlated with the exposure of SiO₂.

The first-stage lung lavage solution is a better choice for analyzing the lung microbiota information of patients with pneumoconiosis by 16S rRNA sequencing

DENG Guanhua, TANG Shihao, XIAO Qin, ZHANG Hai, KUANG Jiahui, WANG Zhi

2023, 39(18):  2461-2465. 

Asbtract ( 28 )   PDF (2745KB) ( 11 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the significance of evaluating first-stage lung lavage fluid based on high-throughput sequencing in the study of pulmonary bacterial diversity in pneumoconiosis patients. Methods A total of 34 lung lavage fluid samples were collected in different pneumoconiosis patients or different disease scenarios at different time periods. Genomic DNA was extracted from each sample according to the sixteen alkyl three methyl bromide（CTAB） instructions. The V4 primers of 16S rRNA gene was amplified.The sample sequences obtained by Illumina NovaSeq sequencing were spliced,standardized quality control,and bioinformatics analysis was performed. Results Effective tags of samples was 77.13%.Compared with the middle and posterior lung lavage fluid,the horizontal species of the first lung lavage fluid group were dominated by Firmicutes,Proteobacteria,Bacteroidota and Actinobacteria,and the Bacteroidete was not underestimated,nor before and after antibiotic treatment.There were no difference in the richness and Shannon index of lung lavage fluid collected in the first segment and other time period（both P>0.05）.Flora richnessand evenness in all segments of lung lavage fluid were similar.There were significant differences of the richness and Shannon index of lung lavage fluid in the first segment of lung lavage fluid in different individuals（both P<0.05）.The first segment lung lavage fluid can distinguish the characteristics of lung flora in different individuals. There was significant difference in the richness of first segment lung lavage fluid before and after antibacterial treatment（P<0.05）,but no difference in Shannon index（P>0.05）.The first segment lung lavage fluid can distinguish the changes of pulmonary flora characteristics in the anti-inflammatory scenario.The Beta diversity was no difference in between the first and other segment lung lavag（P>0.05）,but significant differences were found between individuals and before and after anti-inflammatory treatment（both P<0.05）.The first segment lung lavage fluid can distinguish the changes of lung flora composition in different intervention scenarios,and reflect the individual differences of lung flora composition. Conclusions The first-stage lung lavage solution can more sensitively reflect the structural information of pulmonary microbiota in pneumoconiosis patients,which may be an excellent choice to analyze the information of occupational pulmonary bacterial community with high-throughput 16S rRNA label sequencing.

Application of three risk assessment models to occupational health risk assessment of chemical harmful factors in synthetic leather manufacturing enterprises

GAO Xunzhou, SHAN Bingdan, WANG Ciyuan, JIN Yungong, ZHANG Tingting

2023, 39(18):  2466-2473. 

Asbtract ( 26 )   PDF (1149KB) ( 8 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective Based on different risk assessment models,to evaluate the occupational health risks in synthetic leather manufacturing enterprises,comparethe differences of risk assessment models,discussthe risk assessment models for chemical harmful factors in synthetic leather manufacturing enterprises,and put forwardthe appropriate control and protection measures. Methods From May 2017 to June 2022,the synthetic leather manufacturing enterprises in a park in Taizhou City of Zhejiang Province were selected to evaluate the chemical harmful factors by using three risk assessment models at home and abroad through on-site sanitary survey and occupational disease factor detection. Results The main occupational hazard factors of synthetic leather manufacturing enterprises included dimethylformamide,benzene series,acid esters and ketones. The exposure positions mainly include dry batching,dry coating table,dry laminating,wet batching,wet coating table,three-plate batching and three-plate coating table. In the US Environmental Protection Agency occupational health inhalation risk assessment model,the hazard index of dimethylformamide exposed to dry coating station,dry fitting station,wet coating station and three-plate coating station were 239.73,242.47,99.89 and 115.48,respectively. The severity-probability combination of the most serious consequences in the romanian occupational accident and occupational disease risk assessment model was （7,3）,and the risk index in the semi-quantitative risk assessment model（composite index method） was 4. The risk assessment results of all three models were at high risk levels. The intra-group correlation coefficient was 0.400,and the consistency was medium. Conclusions The three models can be used to evaluate the occupational health risk of chemical harmful factors in synthetic leather manufacturing enterprises. Compared with the other two models,the semi-quantitative risk assessment model（comprehensive index method） has more comprehensive input factors and less subjective cognition influence,so it is more applicable.

Study on quality of life and its influencing factors in assembly line workers in an electronics factory of Chengdu City

ZHANG Hao, Bayani Hayilati, HE Lijuan

2023, 39(18):  2474-2477. 

Asbtract ( 19 )   PDF (1116KB) ( 10 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the quality of life of assembly line workers in an electronics factory of Chengdu City and its influencing factors. Methods By the convenience sampling,a total of 249 workers working on an assembly line in an electronics factory in Chengdu were selected by convenient sampling from July to August 2021. Their quality of life was measured and evaluated by the short-form 36 item health survey questionnaire（SF-36） through an online questionnaire,and the data were analyzed. Results Compared with the norms of Sichuan,the scores of seven dimensions of physiological function,physiological function,physical health,overall health,vitality,emotional function and mental health among assembly line workers in an electronics factory of Chengdu City were lower than Sichuan norms,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. The workers aged <23 years old had the highest scores in five dimensions of physiological function,physiological function,physical health,social function and mental health,while workers aged ≥40 years old had the lowest scores in these dimensions,with statistical significance（all P<0.05）. The scores of overall health,physical health and mental health in workers from Sichuan Province were higher than those in workers from outside Sichuan Province,the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. The older the workers were,the worse their mental health and physical health were（all P<0.05）. The workers from outside Sichuan Province had worse physical health status（P<0.05）. Conclusions The quality of life of assembly line workers in an electronics factory in Chengdu City needs to be improved,which is mainly affected by age and native place.It is suggested that enterprises can strengthen health education and health promotion for workers and pay attention to the mental health of workers,and carry out the functions of trade unions in accordance with the law to protect workers' rights.

Analysis on occupational burnout and influencing factors of basic public health service personnel in suburban of Kunming City

JIANG Tian, HE Xiaolin, FU Siyun, XIAO Yuting, YANG Wen, XIA Yongbing

2023, 39(18):  2478-2481. 

Asbtract ( 18 )   PDF (1064KB) ( 6 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To understand the current situation of job burnout among basic public health service workers in the suburbs of Kunming City,analyze its influencing factors,and put forward some reference suggestions. Methods From October to December 2020,the cluster sampling was used to randomly select basic public health service workers in the suburbs of Kunming City,their job burnout was measured by the Maslach burnout inventory-general survey（MBI-GS）,and the data were analyzed. Results Among 244 basic public health service workers,the detection rate of job burnout was 54.10%,and mild burnout accounted for the largest proportion（40.57%）.The scores of basic public health service personnel with different annual income,training skill frequency,and promotion space were compared in various dimensions of job burnout,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）.The main influencing factors of job burnout were annual income,promotion space and health status. Conclusion Over 50% of the basic public health service workers in the suburbs of Kunming City suffer from job burnout,and various intervention measures are needed to alleviate job burnout.

Preliminary analysis of thyroid cancer caused by combined exposure of flame retardants and pesticides

LI Dandan, SUN Lin, WANG Tianyi

2023, 39(18):  2482-2485. 

Asbtract ( 22 )   PDF (1054KB) ( 7 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the possible biological mechanisms of combined exposure of flame retardants and pesticides to thyroid cancer at the genetic level. Methods Thyroid cancer related genes with clear evidence of flame retardants and pesticides were obtained from the comparative toxicogenomics database（CTD）. Gene enrichment analysis was performed on the common genes of flame retardants and pesticides to obtain the biological processes or signaling pathways that the common genes/proteins may be involved in. Results The results showed that 61 key genes were involved in the process of hormone metabolism,response to toxic substances,response to inorganic substances,cell response to lipids,cell response to hormone stimulation,and other GO biological processes and AMPK signaling pathways. Conclusion Flame retardants and pesticides mainly affect thyroid hormone levels through the combined action of liver microsomal enzyme P450 related genes,causing endocrine disorders and thyroid function changes,leading to the occurrence of thyroid cancer.

Method optimization and result presentation for the determination of mercury in urine by cold atomic absorptionmethod

ZHANG Xiaomei, RONG Li, MENG Xiangjuan, LIU Xiaodong

2023, 39(18):  2486-2489. 

Asbtract ( 23 )   PDF (1096KB) ( 5 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To optimize the determination of urinary mercury content by cold atomic absorption methodand standardize the expression of the determination results. Methods The urine sample was digested with potassium permanganate sulfate water bath,and stannous chloride was added online to reduce the mercury ions to elemental mercury,and then loaded into the light absorption cell with argon.The absorbance is proportional to the mercury content within a certain range and can be quantified by external standard method. Results The method for the determination of mercury in urine showed good linearity in the range of 0-5 μg/L,and the correlation coefficient was greater than 0.999 9. The detection limit and quantification limit of the method was 0.007 and 0.025 μg/L,respectively. The intra-assay precision of urine samples after being spiked with low,medium and high concentrations was 0.31%-0.89%,and the inter-assay precision was 1.40%-2.82%. The average recovery rate was 88.68%-90.15%. The determination results for the high and low levels of quality control samples are all within the reference range of the standard certificate. The unit of urine mercury test results should be converted to μmol/mol Cr（Creatinine） or μg/gCr. Conclusions In this paper,the cold atomic absorption analysis method for mercury in urine is optimized. After the sample is digested in a water bath at 80 ℃ for 90 minutes,stannous chloride is added online,the reaction is airtight,safe and efficient. The accuracy and precision of the method meet the standard requirements and can be used for the monitoring and evaluation of urinary mercury in the general population and occupational exposure population. The presentation of the urine mercury test results should meet the standard requirements,and the creatinine measurement method and sample source should be considered in the judgment of the results.

Effect of sea cucumber taurine capsule on immune function of mice

LIU Yinghua, ZHANG Shujing, ZHANG Jing, ZHOU Dianming, ZHOU Qinghong, QIAN Zhiyong

2023, 39(18):  2490-2493. 

Asbtract ( 31 )   PDF (1061KB) ( 22 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the immune function of sea cucumber taurine capsules. Methods The effects of sea cucumber taurine capsules on immunity of mice were investigated by delayed allergic reaction,spleen lymphocyte transformation,half haemolysis value,antibody-producing cell test,carbon profiling test and peritoneal macrophagy of chicken red blood cells. Results The concanavalin A（ConA）-induced proliferation of spleen T lymphocytes was promoted by high dose sea cucumber taurine capsules,which was 0.248±0.034 in the high dose group and 0.198±0.026 in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）.The values of planta swelling in the middle and high dose groups was （0.74±0.23） and （0.74±0.17）mm respectively,which was statistically significant compared with the control group[（0.48±0.16）mm]（P<0.05）. The half hemolytic value in the high dose group（278.3±16.2） was higher than that in the control group（247.4±12.4）,and number of antibody producing cells in the middle dose group[（33.4±4.9）×10³cells] was higher than that in the control group[（28.1±3.8）×10³cells]（P<0.05）. Conclusion The sea cucumber taurine capsule can improve the immune function of mice.

Comparison of two standards for detection of two types of Campylobacter jejuni in seafood

LIU Chuyun, MA Yanping, DUAN Yongxiang, ZHANG Maojun, HE Jiaoming, JU Changyan

2023, 39(18):  2494-2498. 

Asbtract ( 23 )   PDF (1816KB) ( 10 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To detect the positive rate of Campylobacter jejuni in shellfish samples by GB 4789.9-2014 National Food Safety Standard Food Microbiological Examination Examination of Campylobacter jejuni（hereinafter referred to GB 4789.9 method） and T/CPMA 006-2019 Examination of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli（hereinafter referred to T/CPMA 006 method）,discuss the differences in the minimum detection concentration and detection rate of Campylobacter jejuni between two methods with artificially contaminated samples. Methods From November to December 2020,39 shellfish samples were collected from a market in Shenzhen City,and the Campylobacter jejuni was detected by GB 4789.9 method and T/CPMA 006 method. The negative samples were artificially contaminated with 10⁰,10¹,10²,10³,10⁴ and 10⁵ CFU/g Campylobacter jejunifor the simulation experiment,three samples for each concentration,to analyze and compare the minimum detection concentration of two standard methods. According to the minimum detection concentration,the samples were contaminated with 10³ and 10⁴ CFU/g Campylobacter jejuni,10 samples for each concentration,to compare the detection rate of two standard methods. The matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry（MALDI-TOF） and fluorescent polymerase chain reaction（PCR） were used for the colony validation and auxiliary testing. Results Among 39 original samples,the positive rate of Campylobacter jejuniby T/CPMA 006 method was 2.6%（1/39）,and on sample was detected by GB4789.9 method. Among the artificially contaminated samples,the minimum detection concentration by GB 4789.9 method and T/CPMA 006 method was 10³ and 10¹ CFU/g,and the minimum detection concentration of T/CPMA 006 was 2 orders of magnitude lower than that of GB 4789.9. When the final concentration of Campylobacter jejuni was 10³ and 10¹ CFU/g,the detection rate by GB 4789.9 was 10%（1/10） and 20%（2/10） respectively,while the detection rate of filtration culture method were both 100%（10/10）. Conclusions The Campylobacter jejuni pollution exists in seafood,which has not been reported in China previously. Compared with GB 4789.9 method,the T/CPMA 006 method significantly improves the detection rate of Campylobacter jejuniin seafood,and reduced the minimum detection concentration by 2 orders of magnitude.

Analysis on psychological status and influencing factors of 713 nucleic acid collection medical workers in Shaanxi Province under closed-loop management

SUN Mingzhu, DUAN Xiaoyan, KANG Yujuan, ZOU Xiumei, LI Zixuan, HUANG Xi

2023, 39(18):  2499-2505. 

Asbtract ( 18 )   PDF (1227KB) ( 9 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the status of depression,anxiety and sleep disorder among nucleic acid collection medical staff under closed-loop management during the major public health emergencies,analyze the impact of relevant factors. Methods By the convenient sampling method,713 nucleic acid collection medical workers under closed-loop management were collected from seven grade-A tertiary hospitals in Shaanxi Province from March 2022 to May 2022. They were investigated by the self-made questionnaire,patients health questionnaire depression scale（PHQ-9）,generalized anxiety disorder scale（GAD-7） and Pittsburgh sleep quality index（PSQI）,and the data were analyzed. Results The positive rate of depression,anxiety and sleep disorder of 713 nucleic acid collection medical workers under closed-loop management was 41.9%,34.8% and 45.9%,respectively.The scores of depression scale were positively correlated with the age of medical staff,collection frequency,collection time and the fear of infection（r=0.119,0.187,0.227,0.171,all P<0.05）. The scores of anxiety scale were positively correlated with the age of medical staff,collection frequency,collection time and the fear of infection（r=0.137,0.198,0.210,0.177,all P<0.05）. The score of sleep scale was positively correlated with the fear of infection（r=0.195,P<0.05）. The education level was negatively correlated with the scores of depression,anxiety and sleep disorder scales（r=-0.238,-0.244,-0.074,all P<0.05）. The binary logistic regression analysis showed that the educational level of medical staff,age,collection time,collection location,the fear of infection and external environment were the influencing factors of depression,anxiety and sleep disorders. Conclusions The depression,anxiety and sleep disorders of nucleic acid collection medical workers are in mild level. When carrying out nucleic acid collection,the managers should optimize the collection location,control the time of each collection,replace the collection personnel in a timely manner,and pay close attention to the psychological state of the collection staff.

Impact of work-life balance and perceived stress on work withdrawal behavior and moderating effects of career calling

SUN Yuting, LI Shang, CHEN Yiwen

2023, 39(18):  2506-2512. 

Asbtract ( 21 )   PDF (1152KB) ( 11 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the relationship between work-life balance and work with drawaland the role of perceived stress and career calling in it. Methods A total of 651 subjects with work experience in one year were collected for analysis by using the work-life balance scale,perceived stress scale,work withdrawal behavior scale and career calling scale,a questionnaire survey was conducted during the Spring Festival and April in 2022. Results The work-life balance score of the 651 subjects was （1.30±2.18）points,the perceived stressscore was （1.64±0.62）points,the career calling score was （4.74±1.14）points,and the work withdrawal behavior score was （2.86±1.10）points. The work-life balance was negatively correlated with perceived stress and work withdrawal behavior（B=-0.17,-0.24,both P<0.01）. The perceived stress mediated the effect of work-life balance on work withdrawal behavior（B=0.55,P<0.01）. The higher level of career calling and more work-life balance can reduce the occurrence of work withdrawal behavior. Conclusion The improvement of the sense of work-life balance can alleviate the perception of stress and reduce the occurrence of work withdrawal behavior,and it can reduce the occurrence of work withdrawal behavior by properly promoting the career calling.

Analysis on mediating effect of adaptive performance between person-organization fit and job engagement of nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals of Xi'an City

LI Ting, DUAN Xiaoyan, KANG Yujuan, ZOU Xiumei, HUANG Xi, SUN Mingzhu

2023, 39(18):  2513-2518. 

Asbtract ( 24 )   PDF (1128KB) ( 9 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the mediating effect of adaptive performance between person-organization fit and job engagement of nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals of Xi'an City,provide new ideas for improving nurses' work engagement level. Methods Using the convenience sampling method,393 nurses from four grade-A tertiary hospitals of Xi'an City were surveyed by the adaptive performance scale,the person-organization fit scale,and the work engagement scale from May to June 2022,and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of nurses' person-organization fit was （152.98±24.45）points,the total score of adaptive performance was （73.84±10.38）points,and the total score of work engagement was （63.13±16.37）points. The total scores of nurses' adaptive performance,person-organization fit and work engagement were positively correlated（r=0.604,0.644,both P<0.01）,and the person-organization fit was positively correlated with work engagement（r=0.629,P<0.01）. The adaptive performance partially mediated the effect between person-organization and work engagement,with a mediating effect of 0.379,accounting for 44.48% of the total effect. Conclusion The adaptive performance,person-organization fit and work engagement of 393 nurses in four grade-A tertiary hospitals of Xi'an City are at moderate level,and the adaptive performance partially mediates the effect between person-organization and work engagement. The fit of person-organizational values encourages employees to develop adaptive performance. The stronger the adaptability of nurses,the higher the level of work engagement,thus providing better medical services for patients.

Study on current situation and influencing factors of knowledge,attitude and practice of hospice care among medical student volunteers in colleges of Hainan Province

HE Zhaohao, LI Bin, XING Shuping, ZHOU Wenjie, GAO Xing

2023, 39(18):  2519-2523. 

Asbtract ( 18 )   PDF (1090KB) ( 3 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the current situation of knowledge,attitude and practice of hospice care among medical student volunteers in colleges in Hainan Province,analyze its influencing factors. Methods A convenience sampling method was adopted to conduct a questionnaire survey to investigate 750 medical student volunteers from two medical colleges in Hainan Province from May to June 2022,and the data were analyzed. The questionnaire was divided into three dimensions：knowledge,attitude,and behavior,with a total of 35 items. Results The total score of knowledge,attitude and practice of hospice care among medical student volunteers was（92.53±13.07）points,and the scoring rate was 66.57%. The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the total score of knowledge,attitude and practice of hospice care among medical student volunteers of different age,major,grade,taking care of dying patients and relatives,and obtaining the hospice care knowledge from specialized training or not（all P<0.05）.The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed thatgrade,major,taking care of dying patients and relatives are the influencing factors of the total score of knowledge,attitude and practice of hospice care of medical student volunteers（all P<0.05）. Conclusions The score of knowledge,attitude and practice of hospice care of medical student volunteers in Hainan Province is at a mid to low level,and the score of attitude is higher than that of knowledge and behavior. The medical student volunteers who are seniors,nursing majors,and have taken care of terminally ill patients or relatives gain a higher level of knowledge,belief,and practice of hospice care. The managers of medical colleges and hospice care organizations should pay attention to the hospice volunteer service training of medical student volunteers,especially which is in junior grades and non-nursing majors,at the same time,strengthen their knowledge and behavior toward hospice care,and so as to further promote hospice care development of volunteer services.

Analysis on hygiene management of teaching environment and living facilities in primary and middle schools in Tianjin from 2019-2021

ZHANG Xianwei, LIU Zhonghui, SUN Zhiying, XU Ke, FENG Baojia

2023, 39(18):  2524-2526. 

Asbtract ( 23 )   PDF (1098KB) ( 5 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To understand and analyze the status and trend of health management of teaching environment and living facilities in primary and secondary schools in Tianjin in recent three years,so as to provide basic data for improving school environmental conditions and doing better in school health supervision. Methods The stratified random sampling method was used to respectively select seven and five schools from six urban areas and 10 suburban areas of Tianjin during September-October each year from 2019 to 2021. The classroom health indicators were tested and evaluated according to relevant standards,and the health conditions of living facilities were investigated on the spot. Results In the past three years,the proportion of water purifiers or direct drinking water provided by primary and secondary schools in Tianjin reached 80%,which was higher than that of other drinking water methods,but there was not statistically significant difference between different years（P>0.05）. The construction of sanitary toilets in schools was in good condition,and the proportion of all equipped with soap has increased significantly,from 57.6% in 2019 to 93.3%. The uniformity of illuminance of desk surface and the qualified rate of noise showed an upward trend （χ²_trend=48.79,7.46,both P<0.01）,the qualified rate of classroom per capita area showed a downward trend（χ²_trend=25.54,P<0.01）. Conclusion In recent three years,the health management status of teaching environment and living facilities in primary and secondary schools in Tianjin has been improved,but further improvement is still needed.

Multiple chain mediation effects of perceived stress,depression and anxiety in relationship between mobile phone addiction and sleep quality of college students

OU Zixin, YANG Cuiying, FU Tong, DANG Caiping

2023, 39(18):  2527-2532. 

Asbtract ( 38 )   PDF (1124KB) ( 68 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the multiple chain mediating effects of perceived stress,depression and anxiety between mobile phone addiction and sleep quality among college students,so as to provide guidance of improving the sleep quality and physical and mental health development of college students. Methods In May 2022,a total of 398 college students in Guangdong Province were collected by the convenient sampling method,and surveyed by using general situation questionnaire,Pittsburgh sleep quality index（PSQI）,mobile phone addiction index（MPAI）,Chinese perceived stress scale（CPSS）,patient health questionnaire-9 （PHQ-9） and generalized anxiety disorder-7（GAD-7）. And the data were analyzed. Results The detection rates of sleep disorders and mobile phone addiction were 27.9% and 38.2% respectively. There were significant positive correlations among sleep quality,mobile phone addiction,perceived stress,depression and anxiety respectively（all P<0.01）. The perceived stress,depression and anxiety separately mediated the association between mobile phone and sleep quality. The mobile phone addiction could affect sleep quality through the multiple chain mediation of perceived stress depression and anxiety,and the two mediating paths were mobile phone addiction → perceived stress → depression → sleep quality,and mobile phone addiction → perceived stress → anxiety → sleep quality,both accounting for 15.07% of the total effects. Conclusion Reducing the levels of mobile phone addiction,perceived stress,depression and anxiety can improve college students' sleep quality.

Status and promotion strategy of mental health literacy among teachers in three middle schools in Henan Province

JI Wanghua

2023, 39(18):  2533-2537. 

Asbtract ( 22 )   PDF (1141KB) ( 10 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To understand the current situation of middle school teachers' mental health literacy,provide reference for developing strategies to enhance the mental health literacy of middle school teachers. Methods From December 2021 to January 2022,a total of 376 teachers were collected from three junior middle schools in Zhengzhou City,Yuzhou City,and Anyang City of Henan Province by convenient sampling method,and investigated by the mental health literacy questionnaire through the online survey. Results The scores of mental health literacy among middle school teachers were（107.84±10.32）points. The scores of knowledge of self-treatment were the highest[（3.74±0.83）points] and the scores of the attitude of promoting disease cognition or help seeking behavior were the lowest[（3.07±0.49）points]. The level of mental health literacy of teachers who are female,under 30 years old,without professional title,served as a class teacher for <3 years or not serving as a class teacher was significantly higher than that of teachers who are male,under 30 years old,with professional title,and served as a class teacher for >3 years or not serving as a class teacher（all P<0.05）. Conclusions The mental health literature of 376 middle school teachers is above the middle level. It is necessary to promote teachers' cognition of diseases and enhance their willingness to get help. The strategies such as increasing science popularization,constructing a training system,and improving crisis intervention and referral mechanisms can be used to enhance the mental health literacy of middle school teachers,which is also an important way to serve the psychological health of teenagers.

Prevalence of obesity and hypertension in primary and middle school students measured by different indicators：A meta-analysis

ZHANG Ye, ZHAO Chunshan

2023, 39(18):  2538-2542. 

Asbtract ( 18 )   PDF (1142KB) ( 4 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the relationship between obesity and hypertension risk in primary and middle school students measured by different indicators. Methods The computer retrieval on PubMed,Web of Science,CNKI,Wanfang,and VIP databases was performed,with a search deadline of August 2021. The meta-analysis was conducted by using Stata15.1 software. Results A total of 23 studies were included. The correlation between obesity body mass index（BMI）（OR=3.85,95%CI：3.32-4.47） and hypertension in primary and middle school students was more significant than that in waist circumference（WC）（OR=3.10, 95%CI：2.49-3.85）,waist-to-hip ratio（WHR）（OR=1.90,95%CI：1.23-2.95）. The risk of hypertension among primary and middle school students in urban areas was 4.93 times higher than that in rural areas（OR=4.93,95%CI：3.27-7.43）. Conclusions The obesity in primary and middle school students is associated with hypertension risk,mainly in primary and middle school students with BMI obesity. It is necessary to strengthen the screening of obesity in primary and middle school students and carry out health education to prevent the occurrence of obesity and hypertension in primary and middle school students.

Visual analysis of research on the quality of life of the elderly in China based on CiteSpace

HOU Siwei, LEI Qi, LIU Chengmei, JIANG Guanhua, DU Kaiyan, XU Liran

2023, 39(18):  2543-2548. 

Asbtract ( 19 )   PDF (3340KB) ( 7 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To show the research status,development trend and influencing factors of the quality of life of the elderly in China through the visual analysis of literature,so as to provide a rich basis for improving the daily quality of life of the elderly. Methods CiteSpace software was used to make a visual analysis of the relevant literature on the quality of life of the elderly included in the CNKI database from the establishment of the database to 2021 from the author,institution,and number of documents issued. Results A total of 1 125 articles were retrieved,of which 99 were the most published in 2014. The author with the highest volume of articles was CHEN Changxiang from the School of Nursing and Rehabilitation of Hebei Union University,with a total of 23 articles. The elderly,quality of life,quality of life and other key words appeared the most frequently,reaching 563 times,535 times and 142 times respectively. The top five colleges and departments are the School of Nursing and Rehabilitation of Hebei Union University（16 articles）,the School of Nursing and Rehabilitation of North China University of Technology（15 articles）,the School of Nursing of Sun Yat-sen University（10 articles）,the School of Public Health of Sun Yat-sen University（6 articles）,and the School of Nursing of Shanxi Medical University（5 articles）. Conclusions The number of research papers on the quality of life of the elderly is generally on the rise,and the level of cooperation between different research departments and organizations is not high. The research mainly focuses on the quality of life,influencing factors,quality of life,chronic diseases,elderly care institutions,and the increasing attention paid to home-based elderly care,medical care,health management and social support. However,inter-agency cooperation is relatively scattered,so we should strengthen the cooperation of research institutions in this field,improve the health management model of the elderly,and strengthen psychological support for the elderly.

Investigation and Research

Analysis of dust and noise reduction measures and key control points to be taken in the flour production process of a grain depot in Tianshui City

ZHOU Ting, ZHANG Bochao, LU Kai, KANG Pei, LIU Yinchao

2023, 39(18):  2549-2552. 

Asbtract ( 19 )   PDF (1051KB) ( 5 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To identify the occupational hazard factors generated during the flour production process of a grain depot in Tianshui City,analyze and evaluate the proposed dust and noise prevention measures to be taken based on personnel operation methods and expected exposure levels,predict the degree of occupational hazard,propose key positions and prevention and control measures,and implement them during the project construction phase. Methods In 2021,an investigation was conducted on the occupational hazard factors generated during the flour production process in a grain depot in Tianshui City,using a combination of engineering analysis,analogy,and checklist methods for analysis and evaluation. Results The concentration of grain dust exposed by operators might exceed the standard during grain unloading,the dust concentration in the cleaning and milling processes were lower than the occupational exposure limits（OELs）,and the expected dust concentration in other processes was less than 50% OELs.The 8-hour equivalent sound level of workers exposed to noise in the packaging,cleaning,milling,and mixing processes was higher than 80 dB（A）,but lower than 85 dB（A）,which belonged to noise operation posts. The 8-hour equivalent sound level of workers exposed to noise in other processes was lower than 70 dB（A）,which belonged to non-noise operation posts. Conclusion The dust and noise hazards in the flour processing industry of a grain depot in Tianshui City cannot be ignored. Practical and feasible protective measures such as isolation,sealing,ventilation,and noise reduction should be taken to effectively prevent and control key control posts.

Epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Chenghua District of Chengdu from 2008 to 2022

WEN Ya, LIU Zhijian, ZHAO Xiaoyan, CHEN Zhiqiong

2023, 39(18):  2553-2556. 

Asbtract ( 17 )   PDF (1387KB) ( 7 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease（HFMD） in Chenghua District of Chengdu from 2008 to 2022,and provide reference for the formulation of intervention measures for HFMD in this region. Methods Descriptive epidemiological research method was used to analyze the surveillance data of HFMD in Chenghua District of Chengdu from 2008 to 2022. Results A total of 28 136 cases of HFMD were reported in Chenghua District of Chengdu from 2008 to 2022,with an annual incidence rate of 58.38/10⁵ to 457.65/10⁵. There were two peaks of incidence each year,from April to July and from October to November. The age group of 5 years and below accounted for 94.45% of the total reported cases. The proportion of male and female reported cases was 1.39∶1. The incidence of scattered children and preschool children accounted for 95.97% of the total reported cases.The proportion of preschool children was the highest in 2011 and before,and the proportion of scattered children was the highest in 2012 and after. The reported cases were mainly concentrated in suburban areas combined with street districts. A total of 1 641 cases of HFMD and 114 cases of severe disease were diagnosed in laboratory,the detection results showed that enterovirus A71（EV-A71）,other enteroviruses andcoxsackievirus A16（CV-A16） accounted for 50.00%,42.98% and 7.02%,respectively. The repeated infection rate of HFMD in Chenghua District was 3.14%. Conclusions The prevention and control of HFMD should focus on the young and scattered children as the key population,the streets with dense population and large floating population are key areas,the nurseries as the key places,and the change of the dominant virus strains causing the disease as the focus of attention.It is necessary to strengthen health education and epidemic surveillance,adhere to the morning and noon inspection system,timely standardize the treatment of the clustered epidemic situation,reduce the total number of cases,and reduce the severity and death.

Investigation on harmful degree of operation and maintenance noise of metro line 1,2,3 in a western city of China

ZHANG Bochao, SUN Tao, KOU Xiaobo, TANG Hong, SUN Yuanhan, DU Wenxia

2023, 39(18):  2557-2559. 

Asbtract ( 21 )   PDF (1031KB) ( 12 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To understand the harmful degree of operation and maintenance noise of metro line 1,2,3 in a western city,provide the basis for the noise prevention and control work. Methods The methods of field occupational hygienic investigation and detection were used for measurement and analysis on operation and maintenance noise of metro line 1,2,3 in a western city from October to November 2019. Results This study involved nine main posts and a total of 260 measuring points.In the main lines of metro,involving five kinds of posts,and the noise（L_EX,8h/40h） of exposed workers ranged 49.9-82.1 dB（A）,which all met the occupational hazard limit requirements. In the car depots and parks of metro,involving four kinds of posts,the noise （L_EX,8h/40h） of exposed workers ranged 69.3-95.9 dB（A）,which the over-standard rate was 43.8%. Conclusion In the metro line 1,2,3 in a western city,the posts with serious noise hazard are mainly concentrated in the maintenance operation of the metro's car depots and parks,and it is necessary to take corresponding engineering measures of noise reduction,and strengthen personal protection and occupational health management.

Health Management and Research

Taking Shingles as an example to explore the strategies of traditional Chinese medicine hospitals in dealing with DRGs

GU Xuening, GAO Yi, ZHANG Xi, ZHU Jing, LI Jing

2023, 39(18):  2560-2563. 

Asbtract ( 19 )   PDF (1122KB) ( 12 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective The problem of rapid increase in medical expenses in China is becoming increasingly severe. In order to solve this problem,China's medical insurance has begun to try to replace the previous pay-per-project payment method with diagnosis related groups（DRGs） payment.However,hospitals of traditional Chinese medicine have not implemented it yet. This study takes Shingles as an example to makes a preliminary exploration on what will happen if hospitals of traditional Chinese medicine participate in DRGs payment,and what changes should those hospitals make to cope with the change of this payment method. Methods A cross-sectional study and SPSS 24.0 statistical software were used to investigate which factors were associated with hospitalization costs of Shingles patients discharged from Tianjin academy of traditional Chinese medicine affiliated hospital in 2021,and the differences in hospital income between the two medicare payment methods. Results We found that the DRGs payment method has a great impact on traditional Chinese medicine hospitals. The payment by DRGs only accounts for 36.96% of the original payment by project,which is not enough to cover the cost of drugs and consumables. The influencing factors of hospitalization expenses are mainly related to the average length of stay and different departments. Conclusion There are many problems with the implementation of DRGs in traditional Chinese medicine hospitals,including poor medical cost control and insufficient understanding of DRGs. Therefore,it is necessary to pay more attention,improve the accuracy of enrollment,and implement the diagnosis and treatment plan and Clinical pathway.

Discussion on safety of potassium monopersulfate compound in drinking water disinfection

LIAO Yan, ZHANG Yujing, YANG Wenjing, YE Dan, YAN Xu, PAN Lijun

2023, 39(18):  2564-2567. 

Asbtract ( 29 )   PDF (1061KB) ( 11 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

As a relatively safe and highly efficient oxidant and disinfectant,potassium monopersulfate compound has been widely applied in the fields of drinking water disinfection,aquaculture and environmental disinfection. This paper analyzes the research progress of latest literature on basic physical and chemical properties of potassium monopersulfate compound for disinfection,the disinfection principle,disinfection efficacy and influencing factors,and the disinfection by-products. It is found that potassium monopersulfate compound could effectively remove the small molecular organic substances such as alcohols and aldehydes,as well as microorganisms and algae in drinking water. However,some halogenated hydrocarbons and halogenated substances are also produced in the disinfection process,resulting in risk of exceeding the Standards for drinking water quality（GB 5749-2022）. The basic research and application practice,monitoring and risk assessment of potassium monopersulfate compound in drinking water disinfection should continue to be enriched and deepen. According to the laws and regulations and standards,the hygiene supervision and management systems should be improved.

Overview

Research progress of mental toughness status and intervention measures of ICU nurses

ZHANG Lu, ZHAO Lihong, LI Siqin, WU Xiaoyan, YANG Rong

2023, 39(18):  2568-2572. 

Asbtract ( 24 )   PDF (1090KB) ( 13 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

There is an extreme shortage of nurses around the world. And the nurses in intensive care unit（ICU） often suffer from more pressure and job burnout due to high work intensity,critical illness and other reasons,and the demission rate is also higher. The existing literature confirms that resilience can be a protective factor for ICU nurses to better adapt and cope with stress and trauma.This paper reviews the psychological toughness of ICU nurses from the aspects of definition,status quo and intervention measures,summarizes the research status and development trend of psychological toughness of ICU nurses at home and abroad,discusses the shortcomings and prospects of existing research,and hopes to provide reference for the intervention plan of psychological toughness of ICU nurses in China.In future studies,more attention will be paid to the psychological toughness of ICU nurses andand how to intervene in various aspects to reduce the occurrence of stress and burnout of ICU nurses and stabilize the nursing team.

Research progress on sense of disease benefit in patients with chronic diseases

PENG Lin, ZHANG Xiuxia

2023, 39(18):  2573-2578. 

Asbtract ( 22 )   PDF (1166KB) ( 43 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

At present,chronic diseases often bring double harm to patients,such as body and mind. Taking a positive attitude towards the disease or trauma and paying attention to the positive impact of the disease is an important manifestation of the benefit finding from the disease,which is conducive to improving patients' physical and mental health and helping medical staff to formulate corresponding intervention measures. This paper reviews the concept,assessment tools,research status,and influencing factors of the sense of disease benefit in patients with chronicdiseases,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for implementing interventional research to improve patients' sense of disease benefit.

A review of current status of AIDS cognitive behaviours and intervention approaches among university students

CHEN Can, ZHOU Caihong

2023, 39(18):  2579-2582. 

Asbtract ( 20 )   PDF (1059KB) ( 10 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

As a major public health issue in today's society,AIDS can seriously affect the physiology of individuals and lead to a range of infections and tumour. Today,university students have open sexual attitudes and are more likely to engage in risky sexual behaviour,making them a key vulnerable group for AIDS. This paper reviews the research progress of cognition,sexual behavior and intervention models of AIDS among university students,aiming to understand the current situation of AIDS related research among Chinese university students,explore AIDS prevention models suitable for university students,and provide a strong guarantee for AIDS risk management.

Research progress on emotional exhaustion of medical staff in public health emergencies

WU Chao, WU Jing, ZHANG Yinjuan, LIN Yawei, DU Juan, LANG Hongjuan

2023, 39(18):  2583-2587. 

Asbtract ( 16 )   PDF (1086KB) ( 9 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

This paper reviews the current situation of emotional exhaustion of medical and nursing staff in public health emergencies,its negative effects and related influencing factors,aiming to clarify the emotional exhaustion of medical and nursing staff in public health emergencies,the seriousness of the consequences,the hazards and related influencing factors,so as to attract hospital managers and medical staff to pay attention to emotional exhaustion in the rescue process of public health emergencies,help overcome the negative effects of emotional exhaustion.In the rescue process of public health emergencies,it is necessary to better maintain the physical and mental health of medical staff,enhance the rescue ability of public health emergencies,andprovide reference for improving the rescue efficiency,to better protect the life and health of rescue personnel.

Research progress of heat acclimation training and related heat-resistant strategies in military operations

JU Xiaobei, WANG Changhai, TU Zhihao, QU Dan, ZHANG Bing, SONG Mingfang

2023, 39(18):  2588-2592. 

Asbtract ( 18 )   PDF (1159KB) ( 16 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Heat acclima（tiza）tion can produce a series of physiological and psychological changes in the body and improve the adaptability to the thermal environment.This article reviews the classification,advantages and disadvantages,evaluation criteria,deacclimation and re-acclimation issues and related strategies to improve the heat acclimation effect.In the future,research in military operations should focus on the strategy of developing heat-resistant equipment,reducing thermal environment exposure,and screening heat-resistant markers.