海口市学龄前儿童过敏性鼻炎患病情况与居室内环境关系研究

职业与健康 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (23): 3259-3263.

海口市学龄前儿童过敏性鼻炎患病情况与居室内环境关系研究

胡一凡, 王硕敏, 吴祺晟, 周炳贤, 于德娥, 张静

海南医学院公共卫生与全健康国际学院,海南海口 571199

收稿日期:2023-03-19 修回日期:2023-04-17 出版日期:2023-12-01 发布日期:2026-03-26
通信作者: 张静,教授,E-mail：zhangjing@hainmc.edu.cn
作者简介:胡一凡,女,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为疾病预防与控制。
基金资助:
海南省高等学校教育教学改革研究课题（Hnjp2021-74）; 海南省研究生创新科研课题（Hys2020-382）; 海南医学院研究生创新科研课题（HYYS2020-32）

Study on relationship between prevalence of allergic rhinitis and living environment in preschool children in Haikou City

HU Yifan, WANG Shuomin, WU Qisheng, ZHOU Bingxian, YU Dee, ZHANG Jing

International School of Public Health and One Health,Hainan Medical University,Haikou Hainan 571199,China

Received:2023-03-19 Revised:2023-04-17 Online:2023-12-01 Published:2026-03-26
Contact: ZHANG Jing,Professor,E-mail：zhangjing@hainmc.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的探究海口市学龄前儿童过敏性鼻炎患病情况与居室内环境的关系。方法 2020年12月—2021年1月采取多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取海口市秀英区和龙华区8所幼儿园的3 049名学龄前儿童,采用一般资料问卷、国际儿童过敏性疾病研究（international study of asthma and allergies in childhood,ISAAC）的核心问卷、建筑潮湿与健康调查研究问卷开展问卷调查。结果海口市3 049名学龄前儿童过敏性鼻炎的患病率为7.15%。多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄（OR=1.272,95%CI：1.100~1.470）、独生子女（OR=1.547,95%CI：1.152~2.077）、家族史（OR=3.658,95%CI：2.692~4.971）、怀孕前1年地板墙等发霉水损（OR=1.506,95%CI：1.020~2.221）、孩子0~1岁新装修（OR=1.712,95%CI：1.013~2.893）、近12个月内添置新家具（OR=1.437,95%CI：1.017~2.030）、感觉空气潮湿（OR=1.398,95%CI：1.044~1.873）是过敏性鼻炎的危险因素,性别（OR=0.669,95%CI：0.499~0.898）是过敏性鼻炎的保护因素（均P<0.05）。结论 6~7岁的学龄前儿童过敏性鼻炎患病率较高,女孩的患病率低于男孩,独生子女的患病率较非独生子女高,有过敏性鼻炎家族史的儿童患病的可能性大。居室内环境中空气潮湿、地板墙壁发霉水损、居室新装修添置新家具均为学龄前儿童患过敏性鼻炎的危险因素。家长应在日常生活中注意儿童居室内通风清洁,尽量避免学龄前儿童居住在新装修添置新家具的房屋内或在装修选购家具的过程中选择健康环保的材质。

关键词: 室内环境, 学龄前儿童, 过敏性鼻炎, 横断面研究

Abstract: Objective To investigate the relationship between the prevalence of allergic rhinitis and the indoor environment of the living room in preschool children in Haikou City. Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 3 049 preschool children from eight kindergartens in Xiuying District and Longhua District of Haikou City from December 2020 to January 2021,and a questionnaire survey was conducted using the general information questionnaire,the core questionnaire and survey and research questionnaire on building dampness and health of the international study of asthma and allergies in childhood（ISAAC）. Results The prevalence of allergic rhinitis among 3 049 preschool children in Haikou City was 7.15%. The multi-factor logistic regression analysis showed that age（OR=1.272,95%CI：1.100-1.470）,only child（OR=1.547, 95%CI：1.152-2.077）,family history（OR=3.658,95%CI：2.692-4.971）,mildew and water damage on the floor and wall in the one year before pregnancy（OR=1.506,95%CI：1.020-2.221）,newly renovated house when children are aged 0-1 years old（OR=1.712, 95%CI：1.013-2.893）,new furniture within the last 12 months（OR=1.437,95%CI：1.017-2.030）,feeling damp air（OR=1.398, 95%CI：1.044-1.873） were risk factors for rhinitis,and gender（OR=0.669,95%CI：0.499-0.898） was protective factor for allergic rhinitis（P<0.05）. Conclusions The prevalence of allergic rhinitis is higher in preschool children aged 6-7 years old. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in female preschool children is lower than that in male preschool children,and the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in only child is higher than that in non-only child. The children with a family history of allergic rhinitis are more likely to be affected. The damp air in the indoor environment,mildew and water damage on the floor and wall,and new decoration and new furniture are risk factors for allergic rhinitis in preschool children. The parents should pay attention to the ventilation and cleanliness of children's rooms in daily life,and try to avoid preschool children living in newly renovated houses with new furniture or choose healthy and environmentally friendly materials in the process of decoration and purchase of furniture.

Key words: Indoor environment, Preschool children, Allergic rhinitis, Cross-sectional study

中图分类号:

R181.3⁺1

胡一凡, 王硕敏, 吴祺晟, 周炳贤, 于德娥, 张静. 海口市学龄前儿童过敏性鼻炎患病情况与居室内环境关系研究. [J]职业与健康, 2023, 39(23): 3259-3263.

HU Yifan, WANG Shuomin, WU Qisheng, ZHOU Bingxian, YU Dee, ZHANG Jing. Study on relationship between prevalence of allergic rhinitis and living environment in preschool children in Haikou City. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2023, 39(23): 3259-3263.

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