湖北省某城市地铁冷却塔嗜肺军团菌污染特征分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的采用Legiolert酶底物分离培养法,研究湖北省某城市地铁冷却塔水嗜肺军团菌污染变化特征,评估现有卫生管理措施对嗜肺军团菌的治理效果。方法根据冷却塔使用年限,从某城市21期工程线路中随机抽取3期,2021年7月—2022年6月,在冷却塔1个运转周期内,武汉市疾病预防控制中心研究人员对3期工程线路的全部冷却塔水开展采样,使用Legiolert酶底物分离培养法同步开展嗜肺军团菌检测。结果使用年限较长的冷却塔在运转周期内,其嗜肺军团菌检出率差异均无统计学意义（初、中、末期：分离培养法下检出率分别为36.8%、52.6%、68.4%,χ²_{分离培养法}=3.800,P>0.05;Legiolert酶底物法分别为57.9%、52.6%、57.9%,χ²_{Legiolert酶底物法}=0.143,均P>0.05）。使用年限居中的冷却塔在运转周期内,其嗜肺军团菌检出率差异均有统计学意义（初、中、末期：分离培养法下检出率分别为4.3%、78.3%、73.9%,χ²_{分离培养法}=31.712,P<0.05;Legiolert酶底物法下检出率分别为4.3%、91.3%、100.0%,χ²_{Legiolert酶底物法}=56.733,P<0.05）;使用年限较短的冷却塔在运转周期内,其嗜肺军团菌检出率差异均有统计学意义（初、中、末期：分离培养法下检出率分别为18.8%、81.3%、43.8%,χ²_{分离培养法}=12.689,P<0.05;Legiolert酶底物法下检出率分别为18.8%、87.5%、81.3%,χ²_{Legiolert酶底物法}=19.733,P<0.05）。使用年限居中和使用年限较短的冷却塔在嗜肺军团菌检出率上均呈现冷却塔运转初期较低,而在中、末期出现升高趋势。在冷却塔运转中、末期时,3期线路冷却塔水嗜肺军团菌浓度水平最终趋于一致（χ²_运转中期=1.015、χ²_运转末期=3.198,均P>0.05）。与卫生管理干预措施实施前相比,现有卫生管理措施对冷却塔嗜肺军团菌繁殖起到一定的抑制效果（年限较长线路：干预前嗜肺军团菌浓度为338 973.876 MPN/mL,干预后嗜肺军团菌浓度为5.200 MPN/mL,Z=-5.309,P<0.05;年限居中线路：干预前嗜肺军团菌浓度为257 992.739 MPN/mL,干预后嗜肺军团菌浓度为65.900 MPN/mL,Z=-5.330,P<0.05;年限较短线路：干预前嗜肺军团菌浓度为278 252.443 MPN/mL,干预后嗜肺军团菌浓度为110.650 MPN/mL,Z=-4.827,P<0.05）,但未能彻底解决污染问题。结论湖北省某城市地铁使用年限较长的冷却塔,其冷却塔水嗜肺军团菌污染较为严重,且呈长期污染趋势;使用年限居中及较短的冷却塔,其嗜肺军团菌污染与冷却塔运转时期有关,在冷却塔运转中、末期时污染极为严重。现有卫生管理措施对冷却塔嗜肺军团菌繁殖起到一定的抑制效果,但未能彻底解决污染问题。

关键词: 地铁, 冷却塔, 嗜肺军团菌, 分离培养法, Legiolert酶底物法

Abstract: Objective To study the characteristics of contamination changes of Legionella pneumophila in the cooling tower water of a subway in a city in Hubei Province using Legiolert and isolation culture method,and to evaluate the effectiveness of existing hygiene management measures in controlling Legionella pneumophila. Methods According to the service life of the cooling tower,3 phases lines were randomly selected from the 21 phase lines of a city. From July 2021 to June 2022,during one operating cycle of the cooling tower,researchers from the Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention sampled all the cooling tower water of the third phase of the project line and conducted simultaneous detection of Legionella pneumophila using Legiolert and isolation culture method. Results There were no statistically significant differences in the detection rate of Legionella pneumophila in cooling towers with long service life within one operating（At the early,middle,and end of operation,the detection rates of the isolation culture method were 36.8%,52.6%,and 68.4%,respectively, χ²_{isolation culture method}=3.800,P>0.05,and the detection rates of Legiolert were 57.9%,52.6%,and 57.9%,respectively, χ²_Legiolert=0.143,P>0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rate of Legionella pneumophila in cooling towers with medium service life within one operating（At the early,middle,and end of operation,the detection rates of isolation culture method were 4.3%,78.3%,and 73.9%,respectively,χ²_{isolation culture method}=31.712,P<0.05,and the detection rates of Legiolert were 4.3%,91.3%,and 100.0%,respectively, χ²_Legiolert=56.733,P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rate of Legionella pneumophila in cooling towers with shorter service life within one operating（At the early,middle,and end of operation,the detection rates of isolation culture method were 18.8%,81.3%, and 43.8%,respectively, χ²_{isolation culture method}=12.689,P<0.05,and the detection rates of Legiolert were 18.8%,87.5%,and 81.3%,respectively, χ²_Legiolert=19.733,P<0.05）. The detection rate of Legionella pneumophila in cooling towers with medium service life and short service life was lower in the early of operation,but increased in the middle and end of operation. In the middle and end of cooling tower operation,the concentration level of Legionella pneumophila in the cooling tower water of the third phase line tended to be consistent（ χ²_{middle of cooling tower operation}=1.015, χ²_{end of cooling tower operation}=3.198,both P>0.05）. Compared with before the implementation of hygiene management intervention measures,the existing hygiene management measures had a certain inhibitory effect on the proliferation of Legionella pneumophila in cooling towers,but could not completely solve the pollution problem（Cooling towers with long service life：The concentration of Legionella pneumophila before intervention was 338 973.876 MPN/mL,and the concentration of Legionella pneumophila after intervention was 5.200 MPN/mL,Z=-5.309,P<0.05. Cooling towers with medium service life：The concentration of Legionella pneumophila before intervention was 257 992.739 MPN/mL,and the concentration of Legionella pneumophila after intervention was 65.900 MPN/mL,Z=-5.330,P<0.05. Cooling towers with shorter service life：The concentration of Legionella pneumophila before intervention was 278 252.443 MPN/mL,and the concentration of Legionella pneumophila after intervention was 110.650 MPN/mL,Z=-4.827,P<0.05）. Conclusion The cooling tower of a subway in a certain city in Hubei Province with a long service life has serious contamination of Legionella pneumophila in the cooling tower water,and shows a long-term pollution trend. The contamination of Legionella pneumophila in cooling towers with medium to short service life is related to the operation period of the cooling tower,and the pollution is extremely severe during the middle and late stages of the cooling tower operation. The existing hygiene management measures have a certain inhibitory effect on the proliferation of Legionella pneumophila in cooling towers,but have not completely solved the pollution problem.

Key words: Subway, Cooling tower, Legionella pneumophila, Isolation culture method, Legiolert

中图分类号:

R126.4

石斌, 王芳, 王怀记, 曹美龄. 湖北省某城市地铁冷却塔嗜肺军团菌污染特征分析. [J]职业与健康, 2025, 41(13): 1801-1805.

SHI Bin, WANG Fang, WANG Huaiji, CAO Meiling. Analysis of Legionella pneumophila pollution characteristics in a subway cooling tower in a city in Hubei Province. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2025, 41(13): 1801-1805.

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