职业与健康 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (24): 3395-3400.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

极端温度事件预警分级的心血管健康效应研究

张经纬1,2, 田瑛泽2, 王靖雅3, 王萌萌3, 杜宇欣4, 李湉湉1()   

  1. 1 中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所北京 100021
    2 中国气象局-南开大学大气环境与健康状况研究联合实验室天津 300074
    3 天津医科大学公共卫生学院天津 300070
    4 天津市疾病预防控制中心环境健康与公共卫生所天津 300011
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-01 修回日期:2025-05-13 出版日期:2025-12-15 发布日期:2026-01-22
  • 通信作者: 李湉湉,研究员,E-mail:litiantian@nieh.chinacdc.cn
  • 作者简介:张经纬,男,主管医师,主要从事环境卫生工作。
  • 基金资助:
    中国气象局-南开大学环境健康气象合作项目(CMANK UB202402);天津市第二批卫生健康行业高层次人才选拔培养工程项目(TJSQNYXXR-D2-151);天津市卫生健康科技项目(TJWI2025MS040)

Study on cardiovascular health effects of extreme temperature event warning levels

ZHANG Jingwei1,2, TIAN Yingze2, WANG Jingya3, WANG Mengmeng3, DU Yuxin4, LI Tiantian1()   

  1. 1 National Institute of Environmental HealthChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100021, China
    2 CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health ResearchTianjin 300074, China
    3 School of Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300070, China
    4 Institute of Environmental and Public HealthTianjin Centers for Disease Control and PreventionTianjin 300011, China
  • Received:2025-04-01 Revised:2025-05-13 Online:2025-12-15 Published:2026-01-22
  • Contact: LI Tiantian,Researcher,E-mail:litiantian@nieh.chinacdc.cn

摘要:

目的 探讨极端温度(热浪和寒潮)对天津市心血管疾病死亡率的影响,评估不同强度的气温波动对特定心血管疾病的风险变化,为应对气候变化对心血管健康的不利影响提供参考依据。方法 基于2019—2022年天津市7个区的逐日死亡数据,采用时间序列分析方法,使用广义线性模型评估不同强度的极端气温事件(重度热浪、轻度热浪、重度寒潮、轻度寒潮)对每日心血管疾病相关死亡的影响,并控制滞后效应及其他混杂因素。结果 热浪和寒潮均显著增加了心血管疾病的死亡风险。重度热浪暴露使缺血性心脏病死亡风险增加了2.15倍。寒潮期间,脑卒中死亡风险显著增加,重度寒潮使脑卒中死亡风险提高了1.41倍,其他类型心血管疾病死亡风险亦有所增加。结论 极端气温事件对心血管疾病的死亡率具有显著影响,特别是高温和低温对缺血性心脏病和脑卒中死亡的影响最为显著。相关部门应针对极端气候条件制定公共卫生干预措施,以降低气候变化对心血管健康的不利影响。

关键词: 极端温度, 心血管, 风险变化, 敏感疾病

Abstract:

Objective To explore the impact of extreme temperatures(heatwaves and cold spells) on cardiovascular mortality in Tianjin and assess the risk variations of specific cardiovascular diseases under different levels of temperature fluctuations. Methods Based on daily mortality data from seven districts in Tianjin from 2019 to 2022,a time-series analysis using generalized linear models was employed to assess the impact of extreme temperature events of different intensities(severe heatwaves,mild heatwaves,severe cold spells,and mild cold spells) on daily cardiovascular mortality,controlling for lag effects and other confounding factors. Results Both heatwaves and cold spells significantly increased the risk of cardiovascular mortality. Exposure to severe heatwaves raised the risk of ischemic heart disease(IHD) mortality by 2.15 times. During cold spells,the risk of stroke mortality increased significantly,with severe cold spells raising the risk by 1.41 times. Mortality risk for other types of cardiovascular diseases also increased. Conclusion Extreme temperature events have a significant impact on cardiovascular mortality,with particularly pronounced effects of high and low temperatures on ischemic heart disease and stroke mortality. Relevant departments should develop public health interventions for extreme climate conditions to reduce the adverse effects of climate change on cardiovascular health.

Key words: Extreme temperatures, Cardiovascular, Risk variation, Sensitive diseases

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