职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 27-34.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2024年海南省重点职业病危害接触人群健康状况及特征分析

金蕾, 陈玉珅(), 李宾   

  1. 海南省疾病预防控制中心(海南省预防医学科学院),海南 海口 571129
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-18 修回日期:2025-05-27 出版日期:2026-01-01 发布日期:2026-02-03
  • 通信作者: 陈玉珅,E-mail:yushen2976@sina.com
  • 作者简介:金蕾,女,副主任医师,主要从事职业病防治工作。
  • 基金资助:
    海南省卫生健康科技创新联合项目(WSJK2024MS183)

Analysis of the health status and characteristics of people exposed to key occupational disease hazards in Hainan Province in 2024

JIN Lei, CHEN Yushen(), LI Bin   

  1. Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Hainan Academy of Preventive Medicine),Haikou,Hainan 571129, China
  • Received:2025-05-18 Revised:2025-05-27 Online:2026-01-01 Published:2026-02-03

摘要:

目的 分析2024年海南省重点职业病危害接触人群的健康状况和分布特征,为制定和调整本省重点职业病防治策略提供参考依据。方法 收集2024年海南省重点职业病危害接触人群的职业健康检查信息、重点职业病危害因素专项检查情况和重点职业病发病信息,采用描述流行病学方法对职业病病例和职业健康检查异常指标的地区、行业、企业规模分布及人口学特征进行分析。结果 2024年海南省共对1 234家用人单位的55 246名接触重点职业病危害因素的劳动者进行了职业健康检查,以男性为主(45 392人,82.16%),年龄[MP25P75)]为 38.00(31.00,46.00)岁,检查类型主要为在岗期间职业健康检查(42 385人,76.72%)。岗前和在岗期间职业健康检查职业禁忌证检出率合计为1.92%(1 036/53 970);在岗期间和离岗职业健康检查疑似职业病检出率合计为0.04%(16/43 661);接尘人员尘肺样改变检出率为0.14%(15/10 576),肺功能异常检出率为11.37%(1 203/10 576);接噪人员双耳高频平均听阈升高和高频合并语频听力损失的检出率分别为9.74%(2 585/26 544)和20.74%(5 506/26 544);接苯人员血常规特异性指标异常检出率为3.20%(228/7 136);2024年海南省共新发重点职业病9例,主要为矽肺(5例,55.56%)。结论 尘肺病是2024年海南省最主要的职业病,海南省应重点防控的职业病危害因素为噪声和粉尘,中小微企业、采矿业和制造业是海南省重点职业病危害防控的重点领域。

关键词: 重点职业病, 职业健康检查, 疑似职业病, 职业禁忌证

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the health status and distribution characteristics of people exposed to key occupational hazard factors in Hainan Province in 2024,and provide a reference for formulating and adjusting the prevention and control strategies of key occupational disease in Hainan Province. Methods The information of occupational health examination,special inspections of workers exposed to key occupational disease hazard factors,as well as incidence information of key occupational diseases were collected. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the regional distribution,industry distribution,enterprise scale distribution and demographic characteristics of occupational disease cases and abnormal indicators of occupational health examination. Results In 2024,a total of 55 246 workers from 1 234 employing units in Hainan Province who were exposed to key occupational disease hazards participated in occupational health examinations. The gender was mainly male(45 392 workers,82.16%) and the MP25P75) of age was 38.00(31.00,46.00)years old. The main types of examinations were occupational health examinations during their on-the-job period(42 385 workers,76.72%). The total detection rate of occupational contraindications for occupational health examinations before and during the job was 1.92%(1 036/53 970),while 0.04%(16/43 661) of suspected occupational diseases during the job and off-job occupational health examinations. The detection rate of pneumoconiosis changes and lung function abnormality in dust workers were 0.14%(15/10 576) and 11.37%(1 203/10 576),respectively. The detection rates of binaural high-frequency average hearing threshold elevation and high frequency combined with speech frequency hearing loss in workers exposed to noise were 9.74%(2 585/26 544) and 20.74%(5 506/26 544),respectively. The detection rate of routine blood test specific indicators abnormality in workers exposed to benzene was 3.20%(228/7 136). 9 new cases of key occupational diseases were diagnosed in Hainan Province in 2024,which mainly silicosis(5 cases,55.56%). Conclusion Pneumoconiosis is the most important occupational disease in Hainan Province in 2024. The occupational disease hazard factors that should be focused on preventing and controlling in Hainan Province are noise and dust,and small and medium-sized and micro-sized enterprises,mining and manufacturing industries are key areas for the prevention and control of key occupational disease hazards in Hainan Province.

Key words: Key occupational disease, Occupational health examination, Suspected occupational diseases, Occupational contraindication

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