坚毅和大学毕业生求职行为的关系

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨坚毅和大学毕业生求职行为的关系，以及职业与能力发展自我效能感和学校职业支持在其中的作用机制。方法 2024年11—12月，采用一般情况调查问卷、坚毅量表、职业与能力发展自我效能感量表、学校职业支持量表和求职行为量表对福建省某高校本科应届毕业生进行问卷调查。结果大学毕业生平均坚毅得分为（3.24±0.43）分，平均学校职业支持得分为（3.46±0.73）分，平均职业与能力发展自我效能感得分为（4.59±0.81）分，平均求职行为得分为（3.31±0.68）分。大学毕业生坚毅与职业与能力发展自我效能感（r=0.515，P<0.05）和求职行为（r=0.303，P<0.05）均呈显著正相关，职业与能力发展自我效能感和求职行为呈显著正相关（r=0.496，P<0.05）。中介效应模型检验表明，职业与能力发展自我效能感在坚毅和求职行为之间起到完全中介效应，中介效应值为0.233。有中介的调节效应模型显示，坚毅和学校职业支持的交互项显著负向预测职业与能力发展自我效能感（β=-0.067，P<0.05），进而影响大学毕业生的求职行为。结论坚毅可通过提升大学毕业生的职业与能力发展自我效能感进而影响其求职行为，尤其是在学校职业支持相对较低的情况下，坚毅更加显著预测职业与能力发展自我效能感，从而影响大学毕业生的求职行为。大学毕业生要注重发展自身坚毅品质，从内部积蓄能量，从而形成主动有效的求职策略。

关键词: 坚毅, 职业与能力发展自我效能感, 学校职业支持, 求职行为, 大学毕业生

Abstract:

Objective To explore the relationship between grit and job search behavior among university graduates，as well as the mechanisms through which career and talent development self-efficacy and school career support influence this relationship.Methods From November to December 2024，a questionnaire survey was conducted among fresh graduates with a bachelor's degree from a university in Fujian Province using instruments including a general demographic questionnaire，grit scale，career and talent development self-efficacy scale，school career support scale，and the job search behavior scale. Results The average score of grit among university graduates was （3.24±0.43）points，the average score of school career support was （3.46±0.73）points，the average score of career and talent development self-efficacy was （4.59±0.81）points，and the average score of job search behavior was （3.31±0.68）points. The grit was significantly positively correlated with both career and talent development self-efficacy （r=0.515，P<0.05） and job search behavior（r=0.303，P<0.05） among university graduates，and the career and talent development self-efficacy was significantly positively correlated with job search behavior（r=0.496，P<0.05）.The mediation effect model test indicated that the career and talent development self-efficacy fully mediated the relationship between grit and job search behavior，with the effect of 0.233.The moderated mediation model revealed that the interaction of grit and school career support significantly negatively predicted career and talent development self-efficacy（β=-0.067，P<0.05），which in turn influenced the job search behavior of university graduates. Conclusion The grit influences the job search behavior of university graduates by enhancing their career and talent development self-efficacy.This effect is particularly pronounced when school career support is relatively lower，as grit more significantly predicts career and talent development self-efficacy，which in turn impacts the job search behavior of university graduates. The university graduates should pay attention to developing their grit qualities，accumulate energy from within，and thus form proactive and effective job seeking strategies.

Key words: Grit, Career and talent development self-efficacy, School career support, Job search behavior, University graduates

中图分类号:

R181.3

方丽娜, 宋莉莉, 王詠. 坚毅和大学毕业生求职行为的关系. [J]职业与健康, 2026, 42(10): 1408-1413.

FANG Lina, SONG Lili, WANG Yong. Relationship between grit and job search behavior of university graduates. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2026, 42(10): 1408-1413.

图/表 5

参考文献 33

[1]	邢成建, 郑岚戈, 李益智, 等. 大学生就业心理影响因素:一般自我效能感的中介作用[J]. 中国健康心理学杂志, 2023, 31(3):413-417.
[2]	CHEN H, LIU F, WEN Y. The influence of college students’ core self-evaluation on job search outcomes:Chain mediating effect of career exploration and career adaptability[J]. Curr Psychol, 2023, 42:15696-15707. DOI
[3]	KANFER R, WANBERG C R, KANTROWITZ T M. Job search and employment:A personality-motivational analysis and meta-analytic review[J]. J Appl Psychol, 2001, 86(5):837-855. DOI URL
[4]	VAN HOOFT E A J, KAMMEYER-MUELLER J D, WANBERG C R, et al. Job search and employment success:A quantitative review and future research agenda[J]. J Appl Psychol, 2021, 106(5):674-713. DOI URL
[5]	陆根书, 董宇婧. 高校毕业生就业政策如何促进就业——基于政策工具的组态分析[J]. 国家教育行政学院学报, 2024(4):86-95.
[6]	刘翠花, 戚聿东. 数字经济促进就业扩容提质的理论逻辑、作用机理与推进路径[J]. 理论学刊, 2023(4):129-141.
[7]	SUI L, QIN H, NED J P, et al. Personality traits and job exploration among Latino business students:An exploratory investigation[J]. Psychol Sch, 2020, 58:18-32. DOI URL
[8]	KWEITSU G, JUNWU C, EGALA S B. Correlates of job search behaviour among unemployed job seekers in Ghana:A mediation model[J]. J Psychol Afr, 2022, 32(2):166-173.
[9]	叶宝娟, 郑清, 刘林林, 等. 职业探索对大学生求职行为的影响:求职自我效能感的中介作用与情绪调节的调节作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2016, 32(6):691-697.
[10]	张帆, 蔡瑛, 高在峰, 等. 理解并培养坚毅:现状与展望[J]. 应用心理学, 2024, 30(4):336-347.
[11]	DUCKWORTH A L, PETERSON C, MATTHEWS M D, et al. Grit:Perseverance and passion for long-term goals[J]. J Pers Soc Psychol, 2007, 92(6):1087-1101. DOI URL
[12]	YU X, YUAN Y, LIU X, et al. Different dimensions of grit as the predictor of job-search intensity and clarity[J]. Front Psychol, 2022, 13:825509. DOI URL
[13]	LENT R W, BROWN S D. Social cognitive model of career self-management:Toward a unifying view of adaptive career behavior across the life span[J]. J Couns Psychol, 2013, 60(4):557-568. DOI URL
[14]	LENT R W, IRELAND G W, PENN L T, et al. Sources of self-efficacy and outcome expectations for career exploration and decision-making:A test of the social cognitive model of career self-management[J]. J Vocat Behav, 2017, 99:107-117. DOI URL
[15]	GAGNÉ F. Transforming gifts into talents:The DMGT as a developmental theory[M].//COLANGELO N,DAVIS G A.Handbook of gifted education.3rd ed.Boston:Pearson,2003:229-237.
[16]	YUEN M, GYSBERS N C, CHAN R M, et al. Talent development,work habits,and career exploration of Chinese middle-school adolescents:Development of the career and talent development self-efficacy scale[J]. High Abil Stud, 2010, 21(1):47-62. DOI URL
[17]	DATU J A D, YUEN M, CHEN G. Development and validation of the triarchic model of grit scale(TMGS):Evidence from Filipino undergraduate students[J]. Pers Individ Differ, 2017, 114:198-205. DOI URL
[18]	DATU J A D, YUEN M, FUNG E, et al. The satisfied lives of gifted and gritty adolescents:Linking grit to career self-efficacy and life satisfaction[J]. J Early Adolesc, 2022, 42(8):1052-1072. DOI URL
[19]	DILLAHUNT T R, RODRIGUES L S, HSIAO J C, et al. Self-regulation and autonomy in the job search:Key factors to support job search among Swiss job seekers[J]. Interact Comput, 2021, 33:537-563. DOI URL
[20]	KAO K, LEE H, ROGERS A, et al. Mentoring and job search behaviors:A moderated mediation model of job search self-efficacy[J]. J Career Dev, 2019, 48(1):44-59. DOI URL
[21]	古继宝, 陈诚, 何昌清. 自我职业管理、实习旺盛感与就业能力:学校职业支持的调节作用[J]. 研究生教育研究, 2016(3):36-43.
[22]	欧阳忠明, 黄慧, 王燕子. 高职毕业生职业生涯适应能力与就业质量的关系研究[J]. 教育发展研究, 2018, 38(11):48-54.
[23]	FAUL F, ERDFELDER E, LANG A, et al. GPower 3:A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social,behavioral,and biomedical sciences[J]. Behav Res Methods, 2007, 39(2):175-191. DOI URL
[24]	宋莉莉, 邱瑀, 王詠, 等. 12条目坚毅量表中文版在青少年群体中的信效度检验[J]. 中国健康心理学杂志, 2021, 29(9):1354-1359.
[25]	BLAU G. Testing a two-dimensional measure of job search behavior[J]. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process, 1994, 59(2):288-312. DOI URL
[26]	STURGES J, GUEST D E, CONWAY N, et al. A longitudinal study of the relationship between career management and organizational commitment among graduates in the first ten years at work[J]. J Organ Behav, 2002, 23(6):731-748. DOI URL
[27]	周浩, 龙立荣. 共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法[J]. 心理科学进展, 2004, 12(6):942-950.
[28]	ZHAO H, ZHANG Z, HENG S. Grit and college students’ learning engagement:Serial mediating effects of mastery goal orientation and cognitive flexibility[J]. Curr Psychol, 2024, 43:7437-7450. DOI
[29]	KWON J S. Strength of character for the fusion age “Grit”:Research trend analysis:Focusing on domestic,master’s and doctoral dissertations[J]. Int J Adv Smart Converg, 2019, 8(1):166-175.
[30]	BARRIENTOS ORADINI N P, RUBIO A, ARAYA-CASTILLO L, et al. Passion and perseverance:How the components of grit affect the probability of starting a business[J]. Front Psychol, 2022, 13:906701. DOI URL
[31]	蔡文静, 吴运虹, 杨付, 等. 职业自我效能对就业能力的影响:基于信号理论的视角[J]. 中国人力资源开发, 2024, 41(9):24-36.
[32]	UWAKWE R C, OKOLIE U C, EHIOBUCHEC C, et al. A multi-group study of psychological capital and job search behaviours among university graduates with and without work placement learning experience[J]. J Career Assess, 2023, 31(2):321-339. DOI URL
[33]	USHER E L, LI C R, BUTZ A R, et al. Perseverant grit and self-efficacy:Are both essential for children’s academic success?[J]. J Educ Psychol, 2019, 111(5):877-902. DOI URL

项目	人数	坚毅	学校职业支持	职业与能力发展自我效能感	求职行为
性别
男	292	3.25±0.42	3.50±0.74	4.59±0.83	3.41±0.68
女	317	3.23±0.44	3.42±0.71	4.59±0.79	3.22±0.67
t值		0.573	1.377	0.010	3.471
P值		0.508	0.169	0.992	0.001
是否参加过创业大赛
是	186	3.27±0.44	3.48±0.73	4.68±0.78	3.39±0.69
否	423	3.23±0.43	3.45±0.73	4.55±0.82	3.27±0.67
t值		1.247	0.467	1.931	1.916
P值		0.213	0.617	0.054	0.056
是否参加过就业实习等实践活动
是	387	3.27±0.44	3.54±0.69	4.65±0.80	3.37±0.67
否	222	3.19±0.42	3.31±0.77	4.48±0.81	3.20±0.69
t值		1.951	3.837	2.512	2.981
P值		0.051	<0.001	0.015	0.003
是否在班级或者院校组织担任学生职务
是	339	3.25±0.45	3.47±0.73	4.64±0.83	3.36±0.67
否	270	3.22±0.40	3.44±0.72	4.52±0.77	3.24±0.69
t值		0.858	0.477	1.932	2.167
P值		0.430	0.633	0.054	0.022

项目	人数	坚毅	学校职业支持	职业与能力发展自我效能感	求职行为
性别
男	292	3.25±0.42	3.50±0.74	4.59±0.83	3.41±0.68
女	317	3.23±0.44	3.42±0.71	4.59±0.79	3.22±0.67
t值		0.573	1.377	0.010	3.471
P值		0.508	0.169	0.992	0.001
是否参加过创业大赛
是	186	3.27±0.44	3.48±0.73	4.68±0.78	3.39±0.69
否	423	3.23±0.43	3.45±0.73	4.55±0.82	3.27±0.67
t值		1.247	0.467	1.931	1.916
P值		0.213	0.617	0.054	0.056
是否参加过就业实习等实践活动
是	387	3.27±0.44	3.54±0.69	4.65±0.80	3.37±0.67
否	222	3.19±0.42	3.31±0.77	4.48±0.81	3.20±0.69
t值		1.951	3.837	2.512	2.981
P值		0.051	<0.001	0.015	0.003
是否在班级或者院校组织担任学生职务
是	339	3.25±0.45	3.47±0.73	4.64±0.83	3.36±0.67
否	270	3.22±0.40	3.44±0.72	4.52±0.77	3.24±0.69
t值		0.858	0.477	1.932	2.167
P值		0.430	0.633	0.054	0.022

项目	坚毅	学校职业支持	职业与能力发展自我效能感	求职行为
坚毅	1.000
学校职业支持	0.285^a	1.000
职业与能力发展自我效能感	0.515^a	0.490^a	1.000
求职行为	0.303^a	0.464^a	0.496^a	1.000

项目	坚毅	学校职业支持	职业与能力发展自我效能感	求职行为
坚毅	1.000
学校职业支持	0.285^a	1.000
职业与能力发展自我效能感	0.515^a	0.490^a	1.000
求职行为	0.303^a	0.464^a	0.496^a	1.000

项目	职业与能力发展自我效能感			求职行为
项目	β值	t值	P值	β值	t值	P值
性别	0.058	0.888	0.375	-0.233	3.285	0.001
年龄	0.001	0.037	0.971	0.075	3.514	0.001
是否参加过创业大赛	-0.083	1.166	0.244	-0.047	0.610	0.542
是否参加过就业实习等实践活动	0.021	0.307	0.759	-0.147	1.973	0.049
是否在班级或者院校组织担任学生职务	-0.111	1.704	0.089	-0.089	1.250	0.212
坚毅	0.419	12.467	<0.001	0.042	1.033	0.302
学校职业支持	0.383	11.476	<0.001
坚毅×学校职业支持	-0.067	2.457	0.014
职业与能力发展自我效能感				0.457	11.356	<0.001
R值	0.637				0.540
R²值	0.405				0.292
F值	51.129				35.332
P值	<0.001				<0.001