职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (11): 1446-1450.

• 论著—职业卫生与职业相关疾病 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于赋能理论的自我管理模式对煤工尘肺患者呼吸功能及自我管理效能的干预研究

章亿香1, 凌冬青1, 朱若兰2, 韦慧妮1, 韦顺宇1, 黄华英1   

  1. 1 广西壮族自治区工人医院广西 南宁 530021
    2 广西中医药大学广西 南宁 530200
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-09 修回日期:2026-04-14 出版日期:2026-06-01 发布日期:2026-06-10
  • 作者简介:章亿香,女,副主任护师,主要从事护理管理与职业病护理工作。
  • 基金资助:
    广西壮族自治区卫生健康委自筹项目(Z-A20230406)

Intervention study of self-management model based on empowerment theory on respiratory function and self-management efficacy in patients with coal workers' pneumoconiosis

ZHANG Yixiang1, LING Dongqing1, ZHU Ruolan2, WEI Huini1, WEI Shunyu1, HUAN Huaying1   

  1. 1 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Workers' HospitalNanningGuangxi 530021, China
    2 Guangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanningGuangxi 530200, China
  • Received:2026-04-09 Revised:2026-04-14 Online:2026-06-01 Published:2026-06-10

摘要:

目的 探讨基于赋能理论的自我管理模式,并通过类试验研究,系统验证其对改善煤工尘肺患者自我管理效能、呼吸功能及健康相关生命质量的干预效果。方法 将2023年8月—2024年8月广西壮族自治区工人医院收治的120例煤工尘肺病患者按入院先后顺序分为2组。对照组(n=60)给予常规护理,干预组(n=60)在常规护理基础上接受为期8周、基于赋能理论的结构化自我管理干预,2组患者于干预前、干预后8周采用圣乔治呼吸问卷(St. George's respiratory questionnaire, SGRQ)和尘肺患者自我管理行为调查问卷进行效果评估。计数资料组间比较根据理论频数选择χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法;SGRQ评分以MP25P75)描述,组间比较采用曼-惠特尼U检验;自我管理行为评分采用协方差分析,以干预前评分作为协变量控制基线不均衡。结果 在控制基线后,干预组自我管理行为的“症状管理”与“疾病知识管理”维度得分显著优于对照组(F=15.412、21.434,均P<0.01)。SGRQ评估显示,2组在“呼吸症状”“对日常生活的影响”“活动能力”及“总分”上差异均无统计学意义(Z=-1.160、-1.423、-0.242、-0.646,均P>0.05)。结论 赋能式自我管理可有效提升煤工尘肺患者的症状管理与疾病知识水平,但对短期生活质量的改善作用不显著,该模式为针对性地强化患者核心自我管理技能提供了循证依据。

关键词: 赋能理论, 自我管理干预, 煤工尘肺患者, 症状管理, 自我效能

Abstract:

Objective To explore a self-management model based on empowerment theory and through a quasi-experimental study,systematically verify its intervention effects on improving self-management efficacy,respiratory function,and health-related quality of life in patients with coal workers' pneumoconiosis. Methods A total of 120 patients with coal workers’ pneumoconiosis admitted to the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Workers' Hospital from August 2023 to August 2024 were divided into two groups according to the order of admission. The control group(n=60) received conventional care,while the intervention group(n=60) received an 8-week structured self-management intervention based on empowerment theory in addition to conventional care. The effects were assessed in both groups before and after 8 weeks of intervention using the St. George's respiratory questionnaire(SGRQ) and a self-management behaviour questionnaire for pneumoconiosis patients. Categorical data between groups were compared using the χ2 test or Fisher's exact test depending on theoretical frequency. SGRQ scores were described using MP25P75) and compared between groups using the Mann-Whitney U test. Self-management behavior scores were analyzed using ANCOVA with pre-intervention scores as covariates to control baseline imbalances. Results After controlling for baseline,the intervention group scored significantly higher than the control group in the dimensions of "symptom management" and "disease knowledge management" of self-management behavior(F=15.412,21.434,both P<0.01). SGRQ assessment showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of "respiratory symptoms" "impact on daily life" "activity capacity" or "total score"(Z=-1.160,-1.423,-0.242,0.646,all P>0.05). Conclusion Empowerment-based self-management can effectively enhance symptom management and disease knowledge in patients with coal workers’ pneumoconiosis,but does not significantly improve short-term quality of life. This model provides evidence-based support for targeted reinforcement of core self-management skills in patients.

Key words: Empowerment theory, Self-management interventions, Coal workers' pneumoconiosis, Symptom management, Self-efficacy

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