职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (17): 2327-2331.

• 论著——职业卫生与职业相关疾病 • 上一篇    下一篇

天津市某生物制药厂作业人员表面肌电检测及质量控制措施

韩承, 任婕, 刘义涛, 刘静, 曾强()   

  1. 天津市疾病预防控制中心天津 300011
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-20 修回日期:2025-11-16 出版日期:2026-09-01 发布日期:2026-08-14
  • 通信作者: 曾强 E-mail:13820288515@126.com
  • 作者简介:韩承,男,高级工程师,主要从事职业安全卫生工作。
  • 基金资助:
    天津市医学重点建设学科(TJYXZDXK-3-020B)

Surface electromyogram measurement of workers and quality control measures in a biopharmaceutical factory in Tianjin

HAN Cheng, REN Jie, LIU Yitao, LIU Jing, ZENG Qiang()   

  1. Tianjin Center for Disease Control and PreventionTianjin 300011, China
  • Received:2025-05-20 Revised:2025-11-16 Online:2026-09-01 Published:2026-08-14
  • Contact: ZENG Qiang E-mail:13820288515@126.com

摘要:

目的 为促进作业人员肌肉骨骼健康,了解天津市某生物制药厂工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(work-related musculoskeletal disorders,WMSDs)情况,本研究拟对其作业人员开展现场表面肌电检测,重点分析质量控制关键点和措施,提出预防控制措施建议,探索检测评价方法。方法 2024年10—12月,选取零件组装和成品包装岗位的全部5名作业人员(S1~S5),在工作场所现场正常作业条件下测量存在疲劳症状的左侧尺侧腕伸肌、右侧尺侧腕伸肌、左侧指浅屈肌和右侧指浅屈肌。检测过程覆盖1个完整的作业操作流程,使用MegaWin(3.b-10)软件计算均方根值(root mean square,RMS)进行时域分析;计算中位频率(median frequency,MF)、平均功率频率(mean power frequency,MPF)进行频域分析。结果 S1、S4、S5所有4块肌肉RMS均显著上升(均P<0.05),上升区间13~48 μV,平均上升24.5 μV;S1、S4所有4块肌肉MFMPF均显著向低频方向移动(均P<0.05),下降区间2~5 Hz,MF平均下降4 Hz,MPF平均下降3 Hz。判断S1、S4和S5肌肉尚未出现显著力量下降的疲劳表现,但已经处于疲劳的起始阶段,其他作业人员肌肉没有出现显著疲劳。结论 成功检测和分析了全部作业人员表面肌电信号;早期预警了S1、S4、S5肌肉疲劳;RMSMFMPF变化规律可能与个体的肌肉纤维的收缩、运动单位的募集和放电频率和肌肉疲劳过程有关系。提出了工作场所表面肌电检测质量控制措施,针对疲劳工人提出了三级预防建议,讨论了工作场所现场表面肌电检测的实践意义和疲劳检测未来发展。

关键词: 工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患, 表面肌电, 疲劳, 预防, 工作场所, 质量控制

Abstract:

Objective In order to promote the musculoskeletal health of the workers and understand the situation of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs) in a certain biopharmaceutical factory in Tianjin,this study intends to conduct on-site surface electromyography(sEMG) measurement on the workers,focus on analyzing the key points and measures of quality control,put forward suggestions for prevention and control measures,and explore the measurement and evaluation methods. Methods From October to December 2024,all 5 workers(S1-S5) in the parts assembly and finished product packaging position were selected to measure the left extensor carpi ulnaris(L-ECU),right extensor carpi ulnaris(R-ECU),left flexor digitorum superficialis(L-FDS),and right flexor digitorum superficialis(R-FDS) with fatigue symptoms under the normal working conditions at the workplace. The measurement process covered a complete operation process,MegaWin(3.b-10) software was used to calculate the root mean square(RMS) for time-domain analysis,and the median frequency(MF) and mean power frequency(MPF) were calculated for frequency-domain analysis. Results The RMS of all four muscles of S1,S4,and S5 increased significantly(all P<0.05),with an increase range of 13-48 μV and an average increase of 24.5 μV. The MF and MPF of all four muscles of S1 and S4 shifted significantly towards the low-frequency direction(all P<0.05),with a decrease range of 2-5 Hz. MF decreased by an average of 4 Hz,while MPF decreased by an average of 3 Hz. It was determined that the muscles of S1,S4,and S5 did not show fatigue sign with significant strength decline,but they were already in the initial stage of fatigue. The 4 muscles of other workers did not show significant fatigue. Conclusion The sEMG signals of all workers were successfully measured and analyzed. The muscle fatigue of S1,S4,and S5 was early warned. The variation of RMSMF,and MPF may be related to the contraction of individual muscle fibers,the recruitment and firing frequency of motor units,and the process of muscle fatigue. The quality control measures for sEMG measurement in the workplace were proposed,primary/secondary/tertiary prevention suggestions were put forward for the fatigued workers and the practical significance of on-site sEMG measurement in the workplace and the future development of fatigue measurement were discussed.

Key words: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders, Surface electromyography, Fatigue, Prevention, Workplace, Quality control

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