职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (17): 2433-2437.

• 卫生管理与研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

2022—2024年广州市粉尘接触人员胸部X射线胸片质量控制考核影响因素分析

程泳鹏1, 周浩2, 何易楠2, 麦诗琪2, 王致2,3(), 梁嘉斌1,2()   

  1. 1 广州医科大学公共卫生学院广东 广州 511436
    2 广州市第十二人民医院广东 广州 510620
    3 广州市第十二人民医院职业环境与健康重点实验室广东 广州 510620
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-21 修回日期:2025-11-07 出版日期:2026-09-01 发布日期:2026-08-14
  • 通信作者: 王致, E-mail:zhi_wang@outlook.com;梁嘉斌 E-mail:13570942832@163.com
  • 作者简介:程泳鹏,男,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为职业卫生。
  • 基金资助:
    2025年度广州市市校(院)企联合资助项目(2025A03J3539);2025年广州市市校(院)企联合资助项目(2025A03J3589);广州市卫生健康科技重大项目(2025A031002);广州市医学重点学科(2025—2027年)

Analysis of factors influencing the quality control assessment of chest X-Ray film for dust exposed personnel in Guangzhou from 2022 to 2024

CHENG Yongpeng1, ZHOU Hao2, HE Yinan2, MAI Shiqi2, WANG Zhi2,3(), LIANG Jiabin1,2()   

  1. 1 School of Public HealthGuangzhou Medical University,GuangzhouGuangdong 511436, China
    2 Guangzhou Twelfth People's HospitalGuangzhouGuangdong 510620, China
    3 Key Laboratory of Occupational Environment and HealthGuangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital,GuangzhouGuangdong 510620, China
  • Received:2025-07-21 Revised:2025-11-07 Online:2026-09-01 Published:2026-08-14
  • Contact: WANG Zhi, E-mail:zhi_wang@outlook.com;LIANG Jiabin E-mail:13570942832@163.com

摘要:

目的 了解2022—2024年广州市职业健康检查机构X射线胸片质量控制考核情况,并分析其相关影响因素。方法 选择2022—2024年广州市96家次职业健康检查(occupational medical examination,OME)机构作为研究对象,对其进行现场质量考核和粉尘接触人员的X射线胸片质量控制考核。结果 2022—2024年共抽检了96家次OME机构,其中公立医院52家次,民营医院44家次,共检出整改项682项;其中,不符合组织架构要求、OME工作质量控制要求、质量管理体系要求、健康检查信息报送要求的OME机构分别有14、57、19和6家次。总粉尘接触人员胸片考核正确率为90.4%(3 940/4 358)。组织架构不符合和尘肺阅片人员不合格的OME机构的接尘质量控制不合格率分别高于其对应的符合组(χ2=4.731、4.731,均P<0.05);公立医院在组织架构和OME工作质量控制上的不符合率低于民营医院(χ2=14.598,13.701,均P<0.05);存在疑似职业病迟报漏报情况的OME机构的健康检查信息报送情况不符合率高于正常上报疑似职业病组(χ2=13.937,P<0.05);组织架构不符合和尘肺阅片人员考核不合格的OME机构出现接尘结果质量不合格的风险高于符合组织架构和尘肺阅片人员考核合格的OME机构(均P<0.05)。结论 广州市OME机构胸部X射线胸片质量控制有待提高,完善组织架构建设和提高尘肺阅片人员能力有助于提高接尘人员胸片质量。

关键词: 职业健康检查, 质量控制, 胸片质量, 组织架构, 接尘质量考核, 广州市

Abstract:

Objective To understand the quality control assessment of chest X-ray films of occupational health examination institutions in Guangzhou City from 2022 to 2024 and analyze its related influencing factors. Methods Totally 96 occupational medical examination(OME) organizations in Guangzhou were selected as study subjects for on-site quality assessment and quality control assessment of chest X-ray films of dust-exposed personnel from 2022 to 2024. Results A total of 96 OME institutions were sampled from 2022 to 2024,including 52 public hospitals and 44 private hospitals,and a total of 682 corrective actions were detected. Among them,the OME institutions that did not meet the requirements of organizational structure,quality control of OME work,quality management system,and reporting requirements of health examination information were 14,57,19 and 6,respectively. The correct rate of chest X-ray examination of total dust-exposed persons was 90.4%(3 940/4 358). OME institutions with non-compliant organizational structure and unqualified pneumoconiosis reading staff had higher rates of non-compliance in dust catching quality control than their corresponding compliant groups,respectively(χ2=4.731,4.731,both P<0.05). Public hospitals had lower rates of non-compliance in organizational structure and quality control of OME work than private hospitals(χ2=14.598, 13.701, both P<0.05). The non-compliance rate of reporting health examination information in OME institutions with late or omission of suspected occupational disease reporting was higher than that of the normal reporting of suspected occupational diseases group(χ2=13.937,P<0.05). The risk of substandard quality of dust catching results was higher in OME institutions with non-compliant organizational structure and unqualified pneumoconiosis reader assessment than in those with compliant organizational structure and qualified pneumoconiosis reader assessment(both P<0.05). Conclusion The quality control of chest X-ray radiographs in OME institutions in Guangzhou needs to be improved. Improving organizational structure and enhancing the ability of pneumoconiosis reading staff can help improve the quality of chest X-rays of dust exposed personnel.

Key words: Occupational health examination, Quality control, Chest X-ray quality, Organizational structure, Dust exposure quality assessment, Guangzhou City

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