职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (18): 2530-2533.

• 论著——环境与健康 • 上一篇    下一篇

2023—2024年北京市海淀区公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生状况调查

张文隽1, 崔悦1, 王旭阳2, 孟田1   

  1. 1 北京市海淀区疾病预防控制中心北京 100094
    2 北京市昌平区疾病预防控制中心北京 102200
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-11 修回日期:2025-10-21 出版日期:2026-09-15 发布日期:2026-08-28
  • 作者简介:张文隽,女,主管技师,主要从事环境卫生和食品卫生相关检测与分析工作。

Investigation on the hygiene status of central air conditioning ventilation systems in public places in Haidian District of Beijing from 2023 to 2024

ZHANG Wenjun1, CUI Yue1, WANG Xuyang2, MENG Tian1   

  1. 1 Beijing Haidian District Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100094, China
    2 Beijing Changping District Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102200, China
  • Received:2025-07-11 Revised:2025-10-21 Online:2026-09-15 Published:2026-08-28

摘要:

目的 了解北京市海淀区公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生状况,为规范卫生管理提供依据。方法 2023—2024 年对50 套公共场所集中空调通风系统送风卫生指标、风管内卫生指标以及冷却水的嗜肺军团菌进行卫生检测,并对数据进行分析。结果 集中空调通风系统8 项卫生指标总合格率为95.6%,其中送风细菌总数、送风真菌总数、风管内积尘量、冷却水嗜肺军团菌合格率分别为72.0%、84.0%、99.2%、60.0%,其余各项(送风可吸入颗粒物、β-溶血性链球菌和风管内细菌总数、真菌总数)均为100.0%。从场所看,医疗机构的总合格率为96.6%,显著高于非医疗机构的93.9%(χ2=3.915,P<0.05)。医疗机构的冷却水嗜肺军团菌合格率为71.9%,显著高于非医疗机构的38.9%(χ2=5.223,P<0.05),且医疗机构和非医疗机构的嗜肺军团菌主要分型分别是Lp1型和Lp2~14型(P<0.05)。从卫生指标看,送风中可吸入颗粒物、细菌总数、真菌总数和β-溶血性链球菌之间差异有统计学意义(χ2=28.396,P<0.01)。风管内细菌总数分别与积尘量和真菌总数之间均呈正相关(r=0.491、0.556,均P<0.01),送风中细菌总数分别与风管内细菌总数和真菌总数均呈正相关(r=0.413、0.316,均P<0.05)。结论 北京市海淀区集中空调通风系统总体良好,但对送风细菌、送风真菌和冷却水嗜肺军团菌需要加以关注,加强日常清洗消毒。

关键词: 公共场所, 集中空调通风系统, 卫生状况, 细菌总数, 真菌总数, 嗜肺军团菌

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the hygiene status of central air conditioning ventilation systems in public places in Haidian District of Beijing and to provide a basis for standardizing hygiene management. Methods From 2023 to 2024,fifty central air conditioning ventilation systems from public places were tested for hygiene indicators,including supply air,the inner surface of air ducts,and Legionella pneumophila in cooling water,and the data obtained were analyzed. Results The overall qualified rate for the 8 hygiene indicators was 95.6%. The qualified rates for total bacterial count of supply air,total fungal count of supply air,dust accumulation in the inner surface of air ducts,and Legionella pneumophila in cooling water were 72.0%,84.0%,99.2%,and 60.0%,respectively. The remaining indicators(inhalable particulate matter and β-hemolytic Streptococcus in supply air,total bacterial count and total fungal count in the inner surface of air ducts) all reached 100.0%. From the perspective of locations,the overall qualified rate for medical institutions was 96.6%,significantly higher than the 93.9% for non-medical institutions(χ2=3.915,P<0.05). The qualified rate for Legionella pneumophila in cooling water of medical institutions was 71.9%,significantly higher than the 38.9% for non-medical institutions(χ2=5.223,P<0.05),and the main serogroups of Legionella pneumophila in medical and non-medical institutions were Lp1 and Lp2-14,respectively(P<0.05). From the perspective of hygiene indicators,there were statistically significant differences among the inhalable particulate matter,total bacterial count,total fungal count,and β-hemolytic Streptococcus in supply air(χ2=28.396,P<0.01). The total bacterial count in the inner surface of air ducts was positively correlated with dust accumulation and the total fungal count(r=0.491,0.556,both P<0.01),and the total bacterial count of supply air was also positively correlated with the total bacterial count and total fungal count in the inner surface of air ducts(r=0.413,0.316,both P<0.05). Conclusion The overall hygiene status of central air conditioning ventilation systems in Haidian District of Beijing is satisfactory. However,attention should be paid to bacterial and fungal levels in supply air and Legionella pneumophila in cooling water,enhancing routine cleaning and disinfection.

Key words: Public place, Central air conditioning ventilation systems, Hygiene status, Total bacterial count, Total fungal count, Legionella pneumophila

中图分类号: