职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (19): 2688-2696.

• 论著——学校卫生 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于“四新”建设的医学生胜任力量表编制及信效度研究

张文滨, 张之怡, 汪永杰, 王仕鸿, 丁元林, 孔丹莉()   

  1. 广东医科大学广东 东莞 523808
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-24 修回日期:2025-11-26 出版日期:2026-10-01 发布日期:2026-08-17
  • 通信作者: 孔丹莉,E-mail:kdlgdmu@gdmu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:张文滨,男,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为流行病与卫生统计学。
  • 基金资助:
    广东省本科教学质量与改革项目(2022610);广东省“新医学”建设指导委员会教学改革项目(2023183);粤港澳大湾区在线开放课程联盟教育研究与改革项目(2023068);广东医科大学学科建设项目(4SG21276P);广东医科大学本科教学质量与教学改革项目(2024061);广东医科大学大学生创新创业训练计划(2024115)

Development and validation of a competency scale for medical students based on "Four-New" construction

ZHANG Wenbin, ZHANG Zhiyi, WANG Yongjie, WANG Shihong, DING Yuanlin, KONG Danli()   

  1. Guangdong Medical UniversityDongguanGuangdong 523808, China
  • Received:2025-10-24 Revised:2025-11-26 Online:2026-10-01 Published:2026-08-17
  • Contact: KONG Danli,E-mail:kdlgdmu@gdmu.edu.cn

摘要:

目的 基于新工科、新医科、新农科、新文科的“四新”建设背景,开发并验证医学生胜任力量表,为医学教育质量评估提供工具。方法 采用横断面调查法,对1 503名医学生(临床医学占46.20%,21~<24岁占60.90%)进行测评。量表构建身心素质(含政治思想、伦理行为等6个二级维度共19项)、职业胜任力(职业责任、批判思维等12个二级维度共53项)与实践创新思维(跨学科合作、数字素养等14个二级维度共58项)3个一级维度,通过验证性因子分析(confirmatory factor analysis,CFA)和信效度检验验证量表质量。结果 量表信度优异:一级维度克隆巴赫系数均>0.990,二级维度系数0.951~0.992;验证性因子分析显示模型适配良好(RMSEA=0.051~0.052,CFI=0.969~0.993)。描述统计显示,核心素质中职业责任[(4.44±0.75)分]、伦理行为[(4.48±0.75)分]得分最高,而跨学科合作[(3.84±0.92)分]、实验设计[(3.88±0.92)分]与大数据应用[(3.82±0.94)分]得分较低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析揭示职业责任与伦理行为呈强相关(r=0.902,P<0.05),创新思维与跨学科能力高度联动(r=0.873,P<0.05)。结论 该量表是评估医学生多维胜任力的有效工具,亟需通过跨学科课程整合与数字化实践平台建设,强化创新思维与健康大数据应用能力培养。

关键词: 四新建设, 医学生, 胜任力, 信度, 效度

Abstract:

Objective Based on the "Four-New" construction initiative of new engineering,new medicine,new agricultural science,and new humanities,this study aimed to develop and validate a competency scale for medical students to provide a tool for medical education quality assessment. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted to evaluate 1 503 medical students(46.20% in clinical medicine majors,60.90% aged 21-<24 years). The scale comprised three first-level dimensions:physical and mental qualities(6 second-level dimensions including political ideology and ethical behavior,19 items),professional competency(12 second-level dimensions such as professional responsibility and critical thinking,53 items),and practical innovation thinking(14 second-level dimensions including interdisciplinary collaboration and digital literacy,58 items). Confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) and reliability/validity tests were employed to validate the scale. Results The scale demonstrated excellent reliability:Cronbach's alpha coefficients for primary dimensions all exceeded 0.990,while sub-dimension coefficients ranged from 0.951 to 0.992. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated good model fit(RMSEA=0.051-0.052,CFI=0.969-0.993). Descriptive statistics showed that professional responsibility and ethical behavior had the highest scores in core competencies,with scores of (4.44±0.75) and (4.48±0.75)points,while interdisciplinary collaboration,experimental design,and big data application had lower scores,with scores of (3.84±0.92),(3.88±0.92),and (3.82±0.94)points,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis revealed a strong positive association between professional responsibility and ethical behavior(r=0.902, P<0.05),as well as a high degree of linkage between innovative thinking and interdisciplinary competence(r=0.873,P<0.05). Conclusion This scale can be used to evaluate the multidimensional competence of medical students,and it is urgent to cultivate their innovative thinking and health big data application abilities through interdisciplinary curriculum integration and digital practice platform construction.

Key words: Four-New construction, Medical students, Competency, Reliability, Validity

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