Table of Content

15 December 2023, Volume 39 Issue 24

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Treatise

Analysis on life loss of stroke early death attributed to atmospheric PM_2.5 in Suzhou City from 2012 to 2021

GE Xiyong, LU Yan, WANG Linchi, HUANG Chunyan, HUA Yujie, LIU Qiang

2023, 39(24):  3313-3317. 

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Objective To analyze the burden of stroke in Suzhou City from 2012 to 2021 attributed to exposure to fine particulate matter（PM_2.5） in the atmosphere. Methods The 2019 Global Burden of Disease（GBD2019） data was used to analyze the number of deaths,mortality rate,years of life loss（YLL）,and years of life loss per thousand people（YLL rate） attributed to PM_2.5 in early stroke life loss in Suzhou City. Results The number of deaths,mortality rate,YLL,and YLL rates caused by stroke among the population aged 25 and above in Suzhou City showed an increasing trend from 2012 to 2021（all P<0.01）. The cumulative number of stroke deaths attributed to PM_2.5 was 26 513,with a YLL of 402 215 person years and a YLL rate of 7.45‰,both of which were significantly higher in males than females. With the increase of years,the number of stroke deaths attributed to PM_2.5,as well as the YLL and YLL rates,showed a decreasing trend（all P<0.01）. If Suzhou City maintained at the national first level standard level（15 μG/m³）,it could reduce stroke deaths by 13 541 people and YLL by 201 689 people per year in the past decade. Conclusions It is that stroke life loss attributed to PM_2.5 seriously endangers the health of residents in Suzhou,and the disease burden varies among different genders and age groups. As atmospheric PM_2.5 continues to decrease,the burden of stroke attributed to PM_2.5 continues to decrease. Further improving air quality is of great significance for improving the health of residents.

Study on construction of post competency evaluation index system of standardized training for resident physicians in Tianjin

SONG Jiahui, FANG Tao, LI Jun, SUN Changqing, YAN Weiqing, CHEN Shi, ZHANG Xiaoling, LIU Hongliang

2023, 39(24):  3318-3322. 

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Objective To measure the quality effect of standardized training for resident physicians in Tianjin,so as to provide guidance for improving the quality of standardized training for resident physicians. Methods The index pool of evaluation system was constructed through literature review,expert interview and other methods,and 29 experts were consulted by Delphi method for two rounds,the data were processed by Excel and SPSS 25.0,and the index weights were determined by analytic hierarchy process,so as to construct the post competency evaluation index system of resident physicians. Results The effective recovery rates of the two rounds of expert consultation questionnaire were 100%. The expert authority coefficients was 0.914. The coordination coefficient of the first level index of the two rounds was equal. The coordination coefficients of the secondary indexes were 0.213 and 0.235 respectively,with P<0.01. Finally,8 first-level indicators and 50 second-level indicators were determined. Conclusion The post competency evaluation index system is comprehensive,reasonable,scientific and feasible,which can provide reference for improving the post competency level of resident physicians in hospitals.

Mediating role of resourcefulness and professional benefits on the occupational stress and emotions of nurses in the operating room in Anhui Province

NI Yajuan, ZHANG Xinqiong, YU Manrong, PAN Shubo

2023, 39(24):  3323-3329. 

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Objective To explore the mediating role of nurses' resourcefulness and professional benefits in operating room between occupational stress and emotions. Methods A questionnaire survey of 547 registered operating room nurses were conducted by the general data questionnaire,nurse job stressors scale（NJSS）,nurses' perceived professional benefits scale（NPPB）,resourcefulness scale（RS） and positive and negative affective scales（PANAS） in Anhui Province,and the data were analyzed. Results Positive emotion score in operating room nurses was （31.21±8.01）points,and negative emotion score was （23.89±8.08）points in second and third class A general hospitals in Anhui Province. Occupational stress of nurses in operating room was negatively correlated with professional benefits,positive emotions,and resourcefulness（r=-0.468,-0.443,-0.289,all P<0.01）.Professional benefit were positively correlated with positive emotions and resourcefulness（r=0.425,0.302,both P<0.01）.Negative emotions were negatively correlated with professional benefits,positive emotions,and resourcefulness（r=-0.475,-0.231,-0.412,all P<0.01）.Resourcefulness and professional benefits played a part of the mediating role between stress and negative emotions,and the mediating effects account for 21.6% and 29.0% of the total effects, respectively.Professional benefits played a part of the mediating effect between stress and positive emotions,and the mediating effect accounts for 29.2% of the total effect. Conclusions Occupational stress, resourcefulness, professional benefit and emotion are closely related to nurses in operating room in second and third class A general hospitals in Anhui Province. Resourcefulness and professional benefit play a part of the mediating role between occupational stress and emotion. Operating room managers should pay attention to the assessment of nurses' resourcefulness and professional benefit level, so as to provide intervention references for reducing the impact of work pressure on the body andmind in the later stage.

Investigation on current status of job burnout of medical staff in an infectious disease specialty hospital in Nanning City

WEI Weiyao, LI Xiangqing, HUANG Fen

2023, 39(24):  3330-3334. 

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Objective To investigate current status of job burnout of medical staff in infectious disease specialty hospitals,explore the influence of individual factors and social support on the burnout level. Methods The medical employees in an infectious disease specialty hospital in Nanning City were collected as the research object. Totally 310 medical workers were sampled based on the proportion of personnel size from March to May 2022,and were investigated with the general demographic questionnaire,occupational burnout scale,social support scale. Results The total score of job burnout among 310 respondents was （53.04±11.90） points,in which the scores of emotional exhaustion,negative work attitude,and low sense of accomplishment were （6.20±3.56）,（4.86±3.16）,（30.91±7.87）points,respectively,while the detection rates of job burnout,emotional failure,negative work attitude and low sense of accomplishment were 26.45%,2.90%,3.55% and 23.55%,respectively. The top three factors that keep medical staff to be unsatisfied with the current job were heavy pressure from work,promotion and scientific research,lower social recognition and higher job risk from medical practice. The multiple independent sample analysis displayed the there were statistically significant differences in the scores in each dimension of job burnout among different demographic characteristics groups of work category and professional title（all P<0.05）. In terms of work category,the administrators had the highest scores on emotional exhaustion and negative work attitude,and the nurses had the lowest scores on low personal achievement. In terms of different professional title,the medical staff with unspecified title had the highest score of emotional failure and negative work attitude,and the lowest score of low personal achievement. Among all the stressors,the stress from scientific research,the pension pressure,average daily working hours,average daily sleep time,balance work and family,frequency of patient dissatisfaction or family blame were important factors affecting job burnout（all P<0.01）. Except for the dimension of low sense of accomplishment,other dimensions of job burnout were negatively correlated with all dimensions of social support（all P<0.01）. Conclusions The factors such as high work expectations,high research pressure,empathy fatigue,tense doctor-patient relationship,and mismatch between medical service capabilities and social needs are important factors affecting job burnout of medical staff. It is suggested that hospital manager should pay more attention to humanistic care and mentality change of medical staff,strengthen occupational protection and scientific research guidance,and the government,the media and the public should give more social support to medical staff.

Mediating role of job burnout between organizational support and turnover intention of medical staff in Qingdao City

FANG Linlin, CUI Nan, DING Lei, AN Baiyue, SHI Kexin, CHEN Xianghua

2023, 39(24):  3335-3339. 

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Objective To explore the influence of organizational support on turnover intention of medical staff,further analyze the mediating effect of job burnout between organizational support and turnover intention,so as to provide theoretical basis for reducing turnover intention of medical staff. Methods In November 2022,an online questionnaire survey was conducted on medical staff from five tertiary public hospitals in Qingdao City using the organizational support scale,occupational burnout scale,and turnover intention scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The score of organizational support among medical staff was （87.42±17.59）points,the total score of job burnout was （52.79±19.01）points,and the score of turnover intention was （8.44±3.55） points. The organizational support was negatively correlated with job burnout and turnover intention（r=-0.583,-0.631,both P<0.01）,while job burnout was positively correlated with turnover intention（r=0.630,P<0.01）. The organizational support significantly affected turnover intention and job burnout,and the job burnout played a partial mediating role between organizational support and turnover intention,the mediating effect accounted for 35.5% of the total effect,the 95%CI of mediating effect was -0.052 1--0.038 1. Conclusion The hospital managers should pay attention to the turnover intention of medical staff,strengthen organizational support for medical staff,and reduce turnover intention by playing a dual role of improving organizational support and reducing occupational burnout.

Monitoring and analysis of occupational hazard factors in workplaces of 1 216 key industries in Fujian Province in 2021

ZENG Chuihuan, ZHENG Lihui, KE Zongzhi, JIANG Yingying, CHEN Minggui

2023, 39(24):  3340-3344. 

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Objective To understand the distribution and degree of occupational hazard factors in key industries in Fujian Province,provide reference basis for formulating occupational health related policies and occupational disease prevention and control work. Methods According to the 2021 Fujian Province Workplace Occupational Disease Hazards Monitoring Work Plan,a survey and monitoring was conducted on 1 216 key industries with occupational hazard factors in Fujian Province in 2021,and the data were analyzed. Results The top three occupational hazards that the people exposed to were noise（72 011 people）,silica dust（36 373 people）,and coal dust（5 015 people）. The overall exceeding standard rate of post testing was 22.87%,the top three hazard factors of the highest exceeding standard rate were silica dust（40.52%）,noise（35.97%）,and cement dust（32.38%）,with a statistically significant difference（χ²=21.712,P<0.01）. The overall exceeding standard rate of workplace testing was 23.74%,the top three hazard factors of the highest exceeding standard rate were silica dust（38.87%）,noise（36.28%）,and cement dust（32.32%）,with a statistically significant difference（χ²=7.313,P<0.05）. From the perspective of industry distribution,most positions exposed to silicon dust had a high rate of exceeding the standard,with the highest rate of exceeding the standard in the automotive manufacturing industry（55.00%）. From the perspective of job exposure level,the positions with a high level of silicon dust exposure include crushing（64.29%）,packaging（63.64%）,blasting（50.00%） in the non-metallic mineral mining and processing industry,as well as dry grinding（81.10%）,pulverizing（80.00%）,and polishing（64.29%） in the metal mineral products industry. Conclusions The situation of prevention and control of occupational hazards in the workplace of key industries in Fujian Province in 2021 is still very serious,the detection results of silicon dust and noise exceed the standard,which is particularly serious,and the number of employers with these occupational hazards is large and widely distributed. The occupational health supervision department and employers need to take comprehensive management measures in a timely,scientific and effective manner,strengthen monitoring and supervision,improve the working environment of labor production,and increase the coverage of occupational hazard factor monitoring and occupational health examination,so as to effectively ensure the occupational health and safety of workers.

Investigation on mortality of pneumoconiosis patients in Liaoning Province

ZHAO Jie, LI Xiaoran, GUO Xinwei

2023, 39(24):  3345-3348. 

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Objective To analyse the characteristic of 29 932 pneumoconiosis dead cases in Liaoning Province,and provide scientific basis for formulating tertiary prevention policy. Methods The dead cases of pneumoconiosis patients reported up to the end of 2022 in Liaoning Province were enrolled as respondents. The death age,the cause of death,the length of service and the underlying causes of death were taken as the indexes to analyse the differences between different sexes,decades,types of pneumoconiosis and last stages. Results Among the 29 932 dead patients,a male/female ratio was 20.8∶1. The first visit time was mostly concentrated from 1980 to 1999,accounting for 50.2%. The main type of pneumoconiosis was silicosis,accounting for 84.5%. The last stage was mainly stage I,accounting for 68.9%. Compared with female patients,the death age of male patients was lower,the course of disease was shorter,and the length of dust exposure was longer. The age of death of patients whose first visit time were from 1950 to 1959 was the lowest,and the course of disease gradually extended with the development of the times. The length of service was the longest in patients diagnosed from 1990 to 1999,with an average of 23.2 years. The death age of silicosis patients was the lowest,and the course of disease and the length of service were the shortest. The higher the last stage,the lower the age of death,the shorter the course of disease and the length of service. Pneumoconiosis and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were the main causes of death in patients with occupational pneumoconiosis in Liaoning Province. Conclusion The government of Liaoning Province should continue to strengthen the supervision of industries and regions with serious dust hazards. While actively treating pneumoconiosis,attention should be paid to the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,lung infections and malignant tumors,which can prolong the survival time of patients and improve the quality of life.

Mediation of role overload between work-family conflict and job burnout of orthopedic nurses

LI Juan, ZHOU Wenjuan, WANG Tian, ZHOU Hong, RUAN Tingyu, LI Fen

2023, 39(24):  3349-3353. 

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Objective To explore the mediating role of role overload between work-family conflict and job burnout of orthopedic nurses. Methods Totally 181 nurses from orthopedics department of five general public hospitals in Wuhan City were selected from January to February 2023 by the convenient sampling method. The role overload scale,work-family conflict scale and job burnout scale were used for the questionnaire investigation,and the data were analyzed. Results The score of role overload of orthopedic nurses in five general public hospitals in Wuhan City was （17.42±3.58）points,the score of work-family conflict was （55.76±8.54）points,and the score of job burnout was （61.46±9.58）points. There were statistically significant differences in role overload scores among orthopedic nurses with different age,working years,professional title,marital status,monthly income,number of night shifts per month,number of children and number of elderly people in need of care（all P<0.05）. The role overload of orthopedic nurses was positively correlated with job burnout（r=0.722,P<0.01）,there was a negative correlation between job burnout and work-family conflict（r=0.638,P<0.01）,and the role overload was positively correlated with work-family conflict（r=0.625,P<0.01）. The role overload played a partial mediating role between work-family conflict and job burnout of orthopedic nurses,with the mediating effect of 0.285,accounting for 37.16% of the total effect. Conclusion The orthopedic nurses in five general public hospitals in Wuhan City have different degrees of role overload,which has a positive impact on work-family conflict and job burnout,and role overload plays a partial intermediary role between work-family conflict and job burnout.

Interventional and protective effects of dendrobium candidum polysaccharides on arsenic-induced liver injury in rats

XU Zhengliang, LI Yashan, LI Dexuan, DU Bo, ZHANG Beiji, HU Yangli

2023, 39(24):  3354-3358. 

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Objective To study the protective mechanism of dendrobium candidum polysaccharides on liver injury in rats with non-acute toxic dose of arsenic poisoning. Methods Totally 60 healthy adult SD rats（half male and half female） were randomly divided into five groups,12 in each group,namely,normal control group,arsenic exposure group and dendrobium candidum polysaccharides treatment group 1[15 mg/（kg·d）],dendrobium candidum polysaccharides treatment group 2[30 mg/（kg·d）] and dendrobium candidum polysaccharides treatment group 3[45 mg/（kg·d）]. The last four groups were treated with 30 mg/L aqueous solution containing sodium arsenite（NaAsO₂） by gavage to build arsenism rat model,and the dendrobium candidum polysaccharides treatment groups were treated with dendrobium candidum polysaccharides by gavage after successful modeling,and the control group and arsenic exposure group were given the same dose of distilled water by gavage. The HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of rat liver tissue,biochemical instrument was used to measure the liver function index of rats,and ELISA was used to measure the oxidative stress index of rats. The experimental period was four months. Results The liver function indicators of arsenic exposure group,total bile acid（TBA）[（21.59±7.39）μmol/L],alanine transaminase（ALT）[（46.57±22.91）U/L],and aspartate transaminase（AST）[（49.95±15.74）U/L],were higher than those of the control group[（6.19±1.17）μmol/L,（19.05±7.60）U/L,（29.98±6.11）U/L]（all P<0.01）,with significant damage of liver function. The oxidation indicators of arsenic exposure group,malondialdehyde（MDA）[（13.50±5.83）nmol/mL] and sulfhydryl（-SH）[（0.34±0.06）U/L],were higher than those of the control group[（6.25±2.15）nmol/L,（0.19±0.03）U/L]（both P<0.05）. The antioxidant indicators of superoxide dismutase（SOD）[（42.38±2.97）U/mL],glutathione peroxidase（GPx）[（546.56±40.08）U/L] and thioredoxin reductase（TrxR）[（17.55±2.24）U/L] activities were lower than those of the control group[（68.38±3.44）U/mL,（726.77±56.51）U/L,（31.94±3.22）U/L]（all P<0.05）. Compared with the arsenic exposure group,the contents of ALT,AST,TBA,MDA and-SH in dendrobium candidum polysaccharides treatment groups decreased,while the activities of SOD,GPx and TrxR increased,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The chronic arsenic exposure can weaken the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the liver and increase the oxidative stress response,leading to liver injury,and the dendrobium candidum polysaccharides has a good protective effect on liver injury caused by chronic arsenic exposure.

Determination of 13 halohydrocarbon compounds in water by gas chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry after static-headspace

YANG Qinrui, YUAN Rui, DING Wenbo

2023, 39(24):  3359-3363. 

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Objective To establish a method for determination of 13 halohydrocarbon compounds by gas chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry after static-headspace. Methods 4.00 g sodium sulfate was put into a headspace bottle,and 10 mL water sample was added. After sealing immediately and shaking vigorously,the headspace bottle was placed in the incubator and balanced at 80 ℃ for 25 minutes. Some gas of the bottle was extracted into analyzer,and the target compounds were separated on VF-624MS column（30 m×0.25 mm,1.4 μm）. 13 halohydrocarbon compounds were determined with positive ion electrospray multiple reaction monitoring mode（MRM） and external standard method was used for quantification. Results It was shown that the linear relationship was good：1,2-dichloroethane and tribromomethane in the range of 1.5-300 μg/L,chlorodibromomethane in the range of 0.92-184 μg/L,chlorobromomethane in the range of 0.678-135.6 μg/L,and other halohydrocarbon compounds in the range of 0.5-100 μg/L. The correlation coefficients were all >0.998,and the limits of detection were 0.011-0.066 μg/L. The recoveries were 68.7%-119.5%,and the precisions were 1.1%-9.2%. Conclusion This method is rapid,simple,precise and sensitive,and it is suitable for the determination of 13 halohydrocarbon compounds in water.

Analysis on sleep quality and influencing factors among public health personnel in Longquanyi District of Chengdu City

HUANG Binbin, CHENG Siyu, ZHANG Qunying, LIU Lijun

2023, 39(24):  3364-3368. 

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Objective To understand the current situation of sleep quality of public health personnel in Longquanyi District of Chengdu City and analyze its influencing factors. Methods From January 2021 to July 2022,1 352 public health workers in Longquanyi District of Chengdu City were surveyed using the general data questionnaire,Pittsburgh sleep quality index（PSQI）,self-rating anxiety scale（SAS）,and stress overload scale（SOS）,and the data were analyzed. Results The average sleep time of public health personnel in Longquanyi District of Chengdu City was （6.45±1.14）hours,the average score of PSQI was （8.46±3.92）points,and 782（57.84%） had poor sleep quality. The SAS score was （49.77±11.52）points,SOS score was （57.25±22.60）points,and the incidence of anxiety was 42.97%. The total score of PSQI and scores of each dimension were positively correlated with SAS score and SOS score（all P<0.01）. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that age,weekly overtime hours,anxiety and stress load were all factors influencing the sleep quality of public health workers in Longquanyi District（all P<0.01）. Conclusion The poor sleep quality are common in public health personnel in Longquanyi District of Chengdu City,and it is necessary to make targeted measures and carry out timely interventions to improve sleep quality.

Self-evaluation status of adversity quotient of nurses in the First People's Hospital of Foshan City and its influencing factors

ZHAO Tingfen, ZHANG Li, CUI Wen, LIU Qiaoling, ZHANG Xiuling

2023, 39(24):  3369-3372. 

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Objective To gain insight into the current status of nurses' adversity quotient self-evaluation and explore its main influencing factors. Methods From May to June 2022,a total of 275 nurses in Foshan First People's Hospital were selected as the research objects by cluster sampling.The general information questionnaire,nurse adversity quotient self-assessment scale and emotional intelligence scale were used to investigate,and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of negative quotient self-evaluation was （140.12±30.79）points,and the total score of emotional intelligence was （69.25±12.45）points. There were statistically significant differences in the self-evaluation scores of adversity quotient among nurses with different employment forms and mainly engaged in working positions（both P<0.05）. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that employment form,main job position and emotional using were the influencing factors of nurses' adversity quotient self-evaluation（all P<0.05）,which could explain 5.20% of the total variation. Conclusions Foshan First People's Hospital' nurses' adversity quotient self-evaluation levels were above the medium and were influenced by the form of employment,main job position,and emotional using.Nursing managers should construct a systematic plan to improve the adversity quotient self level of nurses,strengthen the emotional guidance of nurses,promote the psychological health of nurses,and ensure the smooth development of hospital related work.

Study on current situation and influencing factors of occupational uncertainty among rotating nurses in Wuhan City

FU Dou, GONG Tiantian, YANG Xin, WANG Xinmei, WANG Yan, LIU Shanshan

2023, 39(24):  3373-3377. 

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Objective To study the current situation and influencing factors of occupational uncertainty in rotating nurses. Methods In September 2022,a convenient sampling method was used to select 326 rotating nurses from Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University as the research subjects. The survey was conducted using the general information questionnaire,unbearable uncertainty scale,professional identity scale,and perceived stress scale. Results The total score of occupational uncertainty for 326 rotating nurses was （36.75±9.58）points,the total score of perceived stress was （42.25±10.32）points,and the total score of occupational identity was （95.50±22.46）points. Perceived stress was positively correlated with occupational uncertainty（P<0.05）,while occupational identity was negatively correlated with uncertainty（P<0.05）. The regression analysis results showed that satisfaction with income,working overtime and staying up late,worrying about occupational exposure,current department,professional identity,and perceived pressure were the main factors affecting the occupational uncertainty of rotating nurses（adjusted R²=0.47,all P<0.05）. Conclusion The occupational uncertainty of rotating nurses is at a moderate level. In the future,nursing managers can take measures based on relevant influencing factors to reduce the occupational uncertainty of rotating nurses,stabilize nursing staff,and promote the development of the nursing industry.

Study on physical fitness of public officials in Guangzhou under the background of “healthy China” strategy

WU Yubo, LUAN Jun, LI Peiqin, LIANG Yuchan, JIA Mingyue

2023, 39(24):  3378-3381. 

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Objective Through test and statistical analysis of the physical fitness assessment results of public officials in Guangzhou,to provides a reference for the health management of them. Methods Physical fitness test was conducted for public officials in Guangzhou,and the results from 2018 to 2020 were counted and evaluated. Results The body mass index（BMI） of men aged >35 years exceeded the standard,the over-standard rates of BMI and body fat percentage of public officials were 43.34% and 27.52% respectively. The proportion of male and female grip strength up to standard were 43.27% and 42.34% respectively,sit and reach were 46.41% and 64.77%,one leg stand with eyes closed were 82.52% and 88.03%,choice reaction time were 88.68% and 90.52%,maximum oxygen uptake were 73.62% and 57.91%,comprehensive score were 40.79% and 43.83%. Conclusions The main problems of the public officials in Guangzhou are the lower strength of upper limb muscles,the lower flexibility,and the higher BMI,in addition to the routine medically examined,it is recommended to carry out a regular physical fitness test to comprehensively improve the health level.

Study of influencing factors and impact path of perceived stress in nurses in care units of a military hospital

CHENG Wenjia, WANG Bin

2023, 39(24):  3382-3387. 

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Objective To investigate the influencing factors of perceived stress among nurses in care units of a military hospital,and then to explore mediating effects of moral sensitivity and humanistic care ability between motivation for success and perceived stress. Methods In March 2022,246 nurses in care units of General Hospital of PLA were investigated by the cross-sectional survey. The general data questionnaire,the achievement motivation scale,the humanistic care ability evaluation scale,the moral sensitivity questionnaire and the perceived stress scale were adopted to collect data. The influencing factors were analyzed by multiple linear principal component regression,the action path was analyzed by AMOS 24.0 software. Results The score of perceived stress among nurses in care units of a military hospital was （34.78±9.63）points.Willingness to use health apps,subjective income perception,experiencing psychological violence,motivation for success,moral sensitivity and humanistic care ability to perceived stress prediction effect were statistically significant（t=3.718,2.067,4.829,3.052,6.853,15.013,all P<0.05）. The mediating effect value of moral sensitivity between motivation for success and perceived stress was 0.07,which accounting for 20.00% of the total effect,and the mediating effect value of humanistic care ability was 0.11,which accounting for 31.43% of the total effect. The chain mediating effect value of moral sensitivity and humanistic care ability between motivation for success and perceived stress was 0.08,which accounting for 22.86% of the total effect. Conclusions The perceived stress of nurses in care units of a military hospital was affected by the willingness to use health apps and experiencing psychological violence and so on,and moral sensitivity and humanistic care ability plays chain mediating effect between motivation for success on perceived stress. Perceived stress can be reduced by increasing the level of moral sensitivity and humanistic care ability.

Analysis on correlation between psychological resilience and general well-being of nursing staff in Wuhan City

ZHAO Yu, WANG Xiangrong, WANG Zaichao

2023, 39(24):  3388-3391. 

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Objective To analyze the correlation between psychological resilience and general well-being of nurses in grade-A,tertiary hospitals in Wuhan City,and to provide reference for strengthening humanistic care and general well-being of nurses. Methods In this study,the convenience sampling method was adopted,and the self-made general information questionnaire,the Connor-Davidson resilience scale（CD-RISC） and the general well-being schedule（GWBS） were used. From August to September,2022,a questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 099 nurses in 5 grade III,class A hospitals in Wuhan,and the data were analyzed. Results The average score of psychological resilience of nursing staff was（68.06±17.77）points for women and（69.45±22.10）points for men. The average score of general well-being was （68.80±10.31）points for women and （71.80±10.82）points for men. There were statistically significant differences in the general well-being of nursing staff at different ages,working years,professional titles and educational levels（all P<0.05）. In addition to the low negative correlation between the scores of GWBS and the scores of concerns about health of CD-RISC（P<0.01）,the scores of other factors were positively correlated with the scores of CD-RISC（all P<0.05）. The scores of self-reliance,optimism,tenacity in CD-RISC and educational level can positively predicte the total score of GWBS（all P<0.01）. Conclusions The general well-being of nursing staff in Wuhan needs to be improved. Age,working years,professional titles and education levels all affect the general well-being of nursing staff. Strong psychological resilience is a protective factor for the general well-being. It is necessary to strengthen humanistic care for nursing staff and enhance their internal work motivation.

Health risk assessment of metals and metalloids in PM_2.5 of Zhenjiang City

CHEN Yu, SHI Quanqing, SONG Yinsheng, LIU Yan, WU Jun

2023, 39(24):  3392-3396. 

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Objective To assess the health risks of inhaling metals and metalloids in fine particulate matter（PM_2.5） in Zhenjiang City. Methods Dantu District of Zhenjiang City was selected as the monitoring site. Air PM_2.5 samples were collected on the 10th to 16th day of each month from 2019 to 2021,and the contents of 12 metals and metalloids were determined. Health risk assessment was conducted according to the Technical Specifications for Health Risk Assessment of Atmospheric Pollution（WS/T 666-2019）. Results From 2019 to 2021,the health risks of antimony,aluminum,beryllium,mercury,lead,manganese,nickel,and selenium in atmospheric PM_2.5 in Zhenjiang City were at an acceptable level under the current exposure level.The hazard quotient（HQ） of non-carcinogenic risks of arsenic,cadmium,and chromium（six valence） were all less than 1,and the excess carcinogenic risk（ECR） of arsenic was 2.288×10^-6-3.057×10^-6,the excess carcinogenic risk of cadmium was 0.185×10^-6-0.277×10^-6,and the excess carcinogenic risk of chromium（six valence） was 0.288×10^-6-0.660×10^-6. Conclusion Arsenic in atmospheric PM_2.5 in Zhenjiang City has potential carcinogenic risks to the population.

Analysis of the influence of professional identity on positive academic emotions among medical students at public expense in a university in Shandong Province

SONG Jiao, LI Lingling, ZHANG Yifan, ZHANG Yingjie

2023, 39(24):  3397-3401. 

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Objective To explore the influence of professional identity on positive academic emotions among medical students at public expense in Shandong Province,and to verify the mediating role of psychological capital and the moderating role of achievement motivation. Methods From February to March 2022,a convenient sampling method was used to select 285 medical students at public expense from a university in Shandong Province. A questionnaire survey was conducted using the rural order oriented medical students' occupational identity scale,achievement motivation scale,psychological capital scale,and positive academic emotion scale. Results The scores of professional identity,positive academic emotions,psychological capital and achievement motivation of medical students at public expense in a university in Shandong Province were （93.19±13.11）,（78.88±12.51）,（127.93±18.86）,（-2.01±9.20）points,respectively. There were significant positive correlations between the variables of professional identity,positive academic emotions,psychological capital and achievement motivation of medical students at public expense（r=0.203-0.651,all P<0.05）.Psychological capital partially mediated the relationship between professional identity and positive academic emotions（95%CI：0.070-0.263）,with an effect value of 0.16; achievement motivation moderated the first half of the mediation process between professional identity and positive academic emotions through psychological capital（β_high=0.294,β_Low=0.254,P<0.01）,the second half of the path（β_High=0.583,β_Low=0.482,P<0.01） and the direct path（β_High=0.531,β_Low=0.462,P<0.01）. Conclusion The professional identity of medical students at public expense not only directly affects positive academic emotions,but also indirectly affects positive academic emotions through the mediating effect of psychological capital,and achievement motivation plays a moderating role.

Correlation analysis between parental rearing patterns and adolescents' rumination

ZHANG Fangfang, GAORui, LI Xiaomei, WANG Xinkai, ZHANG Yujin, YANG Haiyan

2023, 39(24):  3402-3406. 

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Objective To understand the current level of ruminating thinking in adolescents and analyze the influence of parental rearing patterns on ruminating thinking in adolescents. Methods From March to April 2022,302 middle school students from grades 7 to 9,10 to 12 in a middle school in Ning County,Gansu Province were selected using stratified sampling method. General information questionnaire,simplified parental rearing pattern scale,and Chinese version of ruminating thinking scale were used for investigation.Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis was used to investigate the influencing factors of ruminating thinking in adolescents,and Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between parental rearing patterns and ruminating thinking in adolescents. Results The total score of ruminating thinking in 302 middle school students was （45.90±11.92）points,the score of symptom ruminating was （23.84±6.96）points,the score of obsessive thinking was （11.86±3.38）points,and the score of repetitive thinking was（10.20±3.03）points.Gender and long-term residence were independent factors affecting ruminating thinking in adolescents,accounting for 4.00% of the variance in ruminating thinking in adolescents.The dimension of parental emotional warmth in parental rearing patterns was negatively correlated with the total score of ruminating thinking in adolescents and the scores of each dimension of ruminating thinking（all P<0.05）,while the dimension of parental rejection and overprotection was positively correlated with the total score of ruminating thinking in adolescents and the scores of each dimension of ruminating thinking（all P<0.05）. Conclusion Ruminating thinking in adolescents is at a moderate level.Ruminating thinking in girls is more severe than that in boys,and ruminating thinking in rural adolescents is more severe than that in urban adolescents.In the process of intervention,attention should be paid to girls and rural adolescents,and parents should be encouraged to adopt emotional warmth in parenting.

Analysis on mechanism of psychological resilience on death coping ability of intern nursing students in Yancheng City

CHEN Yanping, LI Jing, PENG Shuzhi

2023, 39(24):  3407-3410. 

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Objective To investigate the current level of psychological resilience and death coping ability of intern nursing students in Yancheng City,investigate the mechanism of psychological resilience on death coping ability,and provide new ideas for improving death coping ability of intern nursing students. Methods The questionnaire survey was administered to 333 intern nursing students in Yancheng City from March to May 2022 using the self-designed general demographic information survey scale,the intern nursing student psychological resilience survey scale,and the Chinese version of the death coping competence scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of the psychological resilience among intern nursing students in Yancheng City was （97.50±21.11）points,and the mean score of items was （3.61±0.78）points. The total score of the death coping ability dimension was （116.20±25.48）points,and the mean score of items was （3.87±0.85）points. The scores of dimensions and total score of psychological resilience were positively correlated with the scores of dimensions and total score of death coping ability among intern nursing students in Yancheng City（r=0.412-0.771,all P<0.01）. The goal focus,interpersonal assistance,willingness to work in nursing in the future,level of enthusiasm for nursing,and receiving education in death-related courses were factors influencing the total score of death coping ability（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The psychological resilience of intern nursing students in Yancheng City has a positive effect on their death coping ability,and the psychological resilience enhancement has a positive contribution to improving their death coping ability.

Interventional effect of guided imagery and music on the hypochondriac state among medical college students

HUANG Xiaoqing, LI Xinqi, LAN Huiying, QIAN Ke, LI Zerong, LIU Wenhua

2023, 39(24):  3411-3415. 

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Objective To explore the level of negative emotions and hypochondriac state among medical college students,and the intervention effect by single guided imagery and music（GIM） on hypochondriac state. Methods In May 2022,196 current college students were selected from a medical university in Guangzhou,the psychological questionnaire for emergent events of public health（PQEEPH） and the Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory-hypochondriasis subscale（MMPI-Hs） were used to measure their negative emotions（including five dimensions：depression,neurasthenia,horror,compulsiveness-anxiety and hypochondriasis） and hypochondriasis level. 30 participants were selected based on MMPI-Hs scores to use GIM techniques for a single intervention. Results The levels of negative emotions and hypochondriac state of medical college students were relatively low. The mean values of 5 dimensions measure by PQEEPH were all <1 point,and the hypochondriasis T score measure by MMPI-Hs was （49.47±9.32）points. Medical students had higher scores in compulsiveness-anxiety[（0.36±0.45）points]. The scores of compulsive anxiety[（0.36±0.45）point] and hypochondria[（50.85±9.42）points] among medical students were higher than those of non medical students[（0.25±0.32）,（48.03±9.03）points],and the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）. The single GIM intervention reduced negative emotions,with result showing a significant decreasing trend of horror scores after intervention[（0.64±0.51）points] compared with non-intervention[（0.79±0.54）points],but the difference was not statistically significant（P>0.05）. Intervention of the single GIM on hypochondriac state of medical students was significant,and the difference before and after intervention was statistically significant（P<0.05）. Intervention of the single GIM on hypochondriac state of non-medical students was not significant,and the difference was no statistically significant（P>0.05）. Conclusions The levels of negative emotions and hypochondriac state of medical college students were relatively low. Single GIM is available to improve negative emotions,and it also have a significant intervention effect on hypochondriac state. Using GIM intervention may be useful in enhancing psychological health for college students,while more stringent intervention strategies are needed to replicate this result.

Mediating role of psychological health risks between psychological resilience and occupational identity among nursing interns

WANG Yaping, LI Li, WANG Chen, SUN Haiyan

2023, 39(24):  3416-3420. 

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Objective To analyze the relationship between psychological health risk,psychological resilience,and occupational identity among nursing interns,and explore the mediating effect of psychological health risk between psychological resilience and occupational identity. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select 232 nursing interns from four tertiary comprehensive hospitals in Shanghai and Suzhou from February to April 2022 as the research subjects,and their general demographic data,mental health risks,psychological resilience,and occupational identity scores were investigated. Results The professional identity score of nursing interns was （63.96±11.22）points,the psychological resilience score was （67.53±16.89）points,and the psychological health risk score was （66.09±16.75）points. The Pearson correlation analysis results showed that mental health risk was negatively correlated with occupational identity and its various dimensions（P<0.05）,psychological resilience was negatively correlated with mental health risk and its various dimensions（P<0.05）,and psychological resilience was positively correlated with occupational identity and its various dimensions（P<0.05）. The mental health risk played a complete mediating role between psychological resilience and occupational identity. Conclusion During the internship process of nursing interns,it is necessary to enhance their psychological resilience to further understand personal mental health risks,thereby enhancing their professional identity and stabilizing the nursing team.

Impact of future self continuity on health behavior among college students

ZHONG Tongwei, CHENG Xinran, SHI Jiamei, LI Jiajia, WANG Yinuo, ZHENG Qiuying

2023, 39(24):  3421-3425. 

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Objective To understand the the current situation of future self continuity and healthy behavior among college students, and analyze the correlation and impact between them. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on 931 undergraduate students from three universities in Beijing from June to July 2022 using cluster random sampling method. Linear correlation,linear regression,and other methods were used to analyze the correlation between future self-continuity and health behavior among college students,as well as the impact of future self-continuity on health behavior. Results The future self continuity score of 1 013 college students participating in the survey was （4.44±1.59）points,and the score of the health promotion lifestyle scale was（132.07±23.69）points. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of health promotion lifestyle among college students of different genders,grades,and student sources（all P<0.05）.The future self continuity of college students was positively correlated with the health promoting lifestyle（r=0.074,P<0.05）,and the future self continuity score could positively predict the health promoting lifestyle（B=1.109,t=2.274,P<0.05）. Conclusions The overall level of future self-continuity among college students was relatively high,while the overall situation of healthy behavior was average. The future self-continuity of college students was closely related to healthy behavior,and improving their future self-continuity can help promote the improvement of their healthy behavior.

A qualitative meta-synthesis of qualitative research on stress and coping strategies of intern nursing students

LIU Yue, YAO Chun, WANG Lingmin, JIANG Jinxia

2023, 39(24):  3426-3431. 

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Objective Systematically review the qualitative research on stress and coping strategies of practice nursing students,provide a reference for nursing education and nursing management. Methods From inception to July 2022,qualitative studies on practice nursing students' stress and coping strategies were retrieved from CNKI,Wan Fang Database,VIP Database,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database,PubMed,Web of Science,The Cochrane Library,CINAHL,and Embase. Used the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool（2016） to evaluate the quality of the included studies,and the results were interpreted and integrated using meta-synthesis. Results Totally 13 studies were included. This study extracted 31 clear findings,11 new categories,and 3 integrated results：（1）sources of stress,including lack of professional knowledge and skills,patients and their family members,studies and employment,unfamiliar environments,and clinical faculty and teams.（2）Physical and psychological experiences,including physical and psychological stress,perceptions of stress,and internal demands.（3）Coping strategies,including problem-focused coping,emotion-focused coping,and avoidance-focused coping. Conclusions Nursing managers and educators should pay attation to understand the real experiences of practice nursing students,and develop effective teaching environments. Moreover,multiple and comprehensive measures should be taken to help nursing students deal with stress,enhance their willingness to stay in the profession,and stabilize the nursing team

Meta-analysis of bidirectional relationship between sleep and mental health in young adults

LIU Yanjie, HUANG Zan, ZHOU Yulan

2023, 39(24):  3432-3442. 

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Objective To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the bidirectional relationship between sleep and mental health in young adults. Methods PubMed,PsychINFO,Embase,Scopus,MEDLINE,PsycArticles,CNKI,and other databases were searched for Chinese and English literatures on the relationship between sleep and mental health of young adults from January 2012 to May 2023. Two researchers independently screened the included literatures,extracted data and evaluated their quality. Then meta-analysis was performed using Stata 14.0 software. Results A total of 36 studies were included in the meta-analysis,including 28 cross-sectional studies,4 cohort studies,and 4 intervention studies. The results showed that sleep quality was positively associated with depression（OR=2.71,95%CI：1.44-5.11）,anxiety（OR=3.73,95%CI：1.81-7.67） and stress（OR=4.17,95%CI：3.01-5.76）,sleep efficiency was positively correlated with depression（OR=2.02,95%CI：1.53-2.68） and anxiety（OR=1.73,95%CI：1.27-2.36）,sleep duration was positively correlated with depression（OR=1.45,95%CI：0.73-2.91）. The depression（OR=1.60,95%CI：1.17-2.18）,anxiety（OR=1.74,95%CI：1.32-2.31）,and stress（OR=1.22,95%CI：1.15-1.28） were positively correlated with sleep quality. Conclusion There is a bidirectional relationship between sleep quality and depression,anxiety,and stress in young adults,and it is necessary to further carry out longitudinal or intervention studies on the relationship between sleep and mental health,and comprehensively consider the most appropriate and economical interventions to address sleep and mental health problems.

Investigation and Research

Investigation on water quality and sanitation status of different drinking water equipment in schools from Hebei Province in 2021

LIU Jian, WANG Yan, YAO Jingjing, LIU Jie, YAN Hongyu, LI Ping

2023, 39(24):  3443-3445. 

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Objective To investigate the water quality and sanitation status of different drinking water equipment in schools from Hebei Province,provide reference for improving drinking water for school students and strengthening supervision and management. Methods All the schools in Hebei Province were stratified according to the different types of water supply equipment,and 40 schools were randomly selected from each group between April and June 2021. Any groups less than 40 schools were all enrolled. One water sample was collected from every selected school. A total of 245 water samples were collected and tested. Results The water quality of the pipe dual water supply was the best,with the qualified rate of 100.0% for all indexes. The qualified rate of the total number of colonies for the water dispenser was 95.0%,and the qualified rates of the other indexes were 100.0%. The water quality of water quality for the water boiler was the lowest,the qualified rates of color and turbidity were 97.5%,the qualified rates of total dissolved solids,oxygen consumption and total hardness were 95.0%,and the qualified rates of total bacteria,total coliform and Escherichia coli were 87.5%,87.5% and 95.0%,respectively. Except for oxygen consumption,total number of bacteria,total coliform and Escherichia coli,the qualified rates of other indexes for the water quality processors by different processes were 100.0%. Conclusions The schools should choose to use water quality processors with functions including membrane filtration,disinfection,heating and so on. It is better to replace the filter element regularly according to the relative provisions. In order to ensure the safety of drinking water and health for students,the health supervision departments should strengthen the supervision and management for water purification machine and deal with illegal behaviors in time.

Overview

Current situation and prevention and control countermeasures of occupational hazards in small and medium-sized enterprises in China

LU Yunchun, HUANG Chunyuan, JIANG Yueming

2023, 39(24):  3446-3450. 

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The occupational disease hazards of enterprises of different scales have different characteristics. Due to the weak awareness of occupational disease prevention and control,weak economic strength and social stability,and low production management level,small and medium-sized enterprises,compared with large enterprises,have weak infrastructure for occupational disease prevention and control,high difficulty in occupational hazard prevention and control,and high risk of occupational disease occurrence,which are the key and difficult points of occupational disease prevention and control supervision. This paper mainly summarizes the overview of small and medium-sized enterprises in China,the current situation of occupational disease hazards,the exposure level of occupational disease hazards,the main characteristics of occupational disease hazards,and the current status of prevention and control. It also summarizes the occupational disease prevention and control measures adopted in China,clarifies the focus and direction of occupational disease hazard prevention and control in small and medium-sized enterprises,in order to protect the occupational health rights and interests of workers.

Research progress on influencing factors of health-related quality of life on elderly patients with chronic diseases

LIU Zhiping, DUAN Jilong, LU Hongyan, ZHANG Xue, ZHANG Wenyue

2023, 39(24):  3451-3456. 

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Population ageing is one of the most important medical and socio-economic challenges worldwide. As the main group of chronic diseases,the elderly are affected by chronic diseases and their physiological functions are declining. Those can make a serious impact on the body and psychology of elderly patients with chronic diseases,resulting in changes on their life quality. This study review the definition,evaluation tools and influencing factors of health-related quality of life on the elderly patients with chronic diseases at home and abroad,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for improving the health level and life quality of elderly patients with chronic diseases.