Table of Content

15 November 2025, Volume 41 Issue 22

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Treatise

Impact of real-time response to stress through electronic communication and psychological resilience on occupational stress among geriatric nurses

XU Juanjuan, WANG Lei, JI Lingling, ZHANG Jingjing, ZHANG Lianhua, LI Shouchun

2025, 41(22):  3025-3029. 

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Objective To understand the real-time response to stress through electronic communication,psychological resilience,and occupational stress status of geriatric nurses,and analyze the impact of real-time response to stress through electronic communication and psychological resilience on occupational stress,and provide reference for reducing the level of occupational burnout among geriatric nurses. Methods Convenience sampling was used to select 194 geriatric nurses from 7 grade-A tertiary comprehensive hospitals in Shanghai as the survey subjects from July to August 2024. The electronic communication instant response stress scale,psychological resilience scale,and occupational stress scale were used for investigation,and the data were analyzed. Results The score of instant response to pressure through electronic communication for geriatric nurses was (30.24±6.46) points,the score of psychological resilience was (91.33±16.28)points,and the score of occupational stress was (317.52±58.39)points.The instant response to pressure through electronic communication of geriatric nurses was related to their age,years of service,professional titles,marital status,monthly income,and monthly night shift frequency(all P<0.05). The psychological resilience of geriatric nurses was related to their age,years of service,professional titles,monthly income,and monthly night shift frequency(all P<0.05). The occupational stress of geriatric nurses was related to their age,years of service,professional titles,marital status,monthly income,and monthly night shift frequency(all P<0.05). The occupational stress of geriatric nurses was positively correlated with the immediate response to pressure of electronic communication(r=0.685,P<0.01),and negatively correlated with psychological resilience(r=-0.577,P<0.01). The immediate response pressure of electronic communication was negatively correlated with psychological resilience(r=-0.576,P<0.01). The psychological resilience of geriatric nurses partially mediated the relationship between immediate response to stress through electronic communication and occupational stress,with a mediation effect of 0.288,accounting for 48.48% of the total effect. Conclusion The psychological resilience of geriatric nurses partially mediates the relationship between electronic communication immediate response stress and occupational stress. Improving the psychological resilience of geriatric nurses can help reduce their level of electronic communication immediate response stress and occupational stress.

Impact of boundary flexibility and work family conflict on occupational burnout among geriatric nurses

WANG Lei, XU Juanjuan, JI Lingling, ZHANG Lianhua, MA Yan, SHEN Dan

2025, 41(22):  3030-3035. 

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Objective To understand the current situation of boundary flexibility,work family conflict,and occupational burnout among geriatric nurses,and to explore the impact of boundary flexibility and work family conflict on occupational burnout. Methods A simple random sampling method was used to select 188 geriatric nurses from 11 tertiary comprehensive hospitals in Shanghai as the survey subjects from March to August 2024. The boundary flexibility scale,work family conflict scale,and occupational burnout scale were used for the survey,and the data were analyzed. Results The score of boundary flexibility for geriatric nurses was (52.82±10.28)points,the score of work family conflict was (58.43±11.32)points,and the score of occupational burnout was (60.68±11.56)points.The boundary flexibility of geriatric nurses was related to their ages,years of service,professional titles,average monthly income,average monthly night shifts,and number of children(all P<0.05). The work family conflict of geriatric nurses was related to their ages,years of service,professional titles,marital status,average monthly income,establishment status,average monthly night shifts,and number of children(all P<0.05). The occupational burnout of geriatric nurses was related to their ages,years of service,professional titles,marital status,average monthly income,average monthly night shifts,and number of children(all P<0.05). The boundary flexibility of geriatric nurses was negatively correlated with occupational burnout(r=-0.586,P<0.01),while work family conflict was positively correlated with occupational burnout(r=0.539,P<0.01). Boundary flexibility was negatively correlated with work family conflict(r=-0.628,P<0.01). Boundary flexibility and work family conflict can jointly explain 31.20% of the variation in occupational burnout among geriatric nurses. Conclusion The boundary flexibility and work family conflicts among geriatric nurses are closely related to occupational burnout. Improving boundary flexibility and reducing work family conflicts are beneficial for reducing the level of occupational burnout.

Effects of emotion regulation flexibility and psychological flexibility on job burnout in vascular surgery nurses

PENG Huijuan, SUN Yiping, YU Xuan, ZHANG Zhengping, TANG Qianqian, WANG Hui

2025, 41(22):  3036-3040. 

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Objective To explore the effects of emotion regulation flexibility and psychological flexibility on job burnout in vascular surgery nurses,and provide reference for reducing nurse burnout. Methods From April to May 2024,206 vascular surgery nurses from 11 grade-A tertiary hospitals in Anhui Province were randomly selected as the research subjects. The emotion regulation flexibility scale,psychological flexibility scale and job burnout scale were used to investigate,and the data were analyzed. Results The emotion regulation flexibility score of vascular surgery nurses was (46.28±6.42)points,the psychological flexibility score was (62.58±12.86)points,and the job burnout score was(62.69±12.52)points. Gender,age,years of work,professional title,average monthly income,average number of night shifts per month were the influencing factors of emotional regulation flexibility of vascular surgery nurses(all P<0.05). Age,years of work,professional title,average monthly income,average number of night shifts per month were the influencing factors of psychological flexibility and job burnout of vascular surgery nurses(all P<0.05). The higher the level of emotional regulation flexibility of vascular surgery nurses,the lower their job burnout level(r=-0.584,P<0.01). The higher the psychological flexibility level of vascular surgery nurses,the lower their job burnout level(r=-0.612,P<0.01). The higher the emotional regulation flexibility level of vascular surgery nurses,the higher their psychological flexibility level(r=0.622,P<0.01). Emotional regulation flexibility and psychological flexibility could jointly explain 43.20% of the total variance of job burnout. Conclusion Emotional regulation flexibility and psychological flexibility are independent influencing factors of job burnout. Improving the levels of emotional regulation flexibility and psychological flexibility can help reduce the level of job burnout of vascular surgery nurses.

Analysis of the relationship between leadership performance pressure,perceived non-compliant tasks,and occupational burnout among nurses in rehabilitation department

LI Yingfang, LI Danyang, WANG Jianfen, GUO Jingjing, WU Yanfang, LIU Na

2025, 41(22):  3041-3045. 

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Objective To understand the current situation of leadership performance pressure,perceived non-compliant tasks,and occupational burnout among nurses in the rehabilitation department,and to analyze the relationship between the three. Methods A simple sampling method was used to select 176 rehabilitation nurses from 12 comprehensive hospitals in Hebei Province as the research subjects from August to September 2024.The leadership performance stress scale,non-compliance task perception scale,and occupational burnout scale were used for investigation and analysis. Results The leadership performance stress score of 176 rehabilitation nurses was (20.54±3.72)points,the non-compliant task perception score was (31.24±4.68)points,and the occupational burnout score was (60.53±12.58)points. There were statistically significant differences in the leadership performance pressure,perceived non-compliant tasks,and occupational burnout scores among rehabilitation nurses of different ages,nursing ages,professional titles,marital status,average number of shifts per month,and average monthly income(all P<0.05).The occupational burnout of rehabilitation nurses was positively correlated with leadership performance pressure(r=0.612,P<0.01),and positively correlated with perceived non-compliant tasks(r=0.588,P<0.01).Leadership performance pressure was positively correlated with perceived non-compliant tasks(r=0.671,P<0.01). The perception of non-compliant tasks partially mediated the relationship between leadership performance pressure and occupational burnout among rehabilitation nurses,with a mediation effect value of 0.299,accounting for 41.88% of the total effect ratio. Conclusion The perception of non-compliant tasks partially mediates the relationship between leadership performance pressure and occupational burnout among rehabilitation nurses.Reducing the level of leadership performance pressure and non-compliant task perception among rehabilitation nurses is beneficial for lowering their level of occupational burnout.

Correlation analysis of work-family behavioral role conflict,psychological capital and occupational burnout among operating room nurses

ZHAO Jing, ZHOU Qin, GE Gere, LIANG Pengjuan, TIAN Shengtao, GUO Lina

2025, 41(22):  3046-3050. 

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Objective To investigate the work-family behavior role conflict,psychological capital and occupational burnout of operating room nurses,study their correlation,and provide reference for alleviating occupational burnout among operating room nurses. Methods From August to October 2024,194 operating room nurses from 5 tertiary general hospitals in Zhangjiakou were selected by simple random sampling. The work-family behavior role conflict scale,psychological capital scale and occupational burnout scale were used to assess their work-family behavior role conflict,psychological capital and occupational burnout status. The differences in role conflict,psychological capital and occupational burnout scores among different influencing factors were compared and their correlation was analyzed. Results The scores of work-family behavior role conflict,psychological capital and occupational burnout of operating room nurses were (83.42±14.76),(91.48±16.82) and (61.36±13.58)points,respectively.The influencing factors of occupational burnout scores of operating room nurses were age,length of service,professional title,marital status,average monthly income,average weekly working hours and average number of night shifts per month(all P<0.05). The influencing factors of work-family role conflict and psychological capital score were age,length of service,professional title,average monthly income,average weekly working hours,and average number of night shifts per month(all P<0.05). The burnout score of operating room nurses was positively correlated with the work-family role conflict score(r=0.538,P<0.01),and negatively correlated with psychological capital(r=-0.492,P<0.01). The work-family role conflict was negatively correlated with psychological capital(r=-0.485,P<0.01). The psychological capital of operating room nurses had a partial mediating effect between work-family role conflict and job burnout,with a mediating effect of 0.273,accounting for 46.68% of the total effect. Conclusion The occupational burnout of operating room nurses is positively correlated with work-family behavioral role conflict and negatively correlated with psychological capital. Psychological capital can reduce the impact of work-family behavioral role conflict on occupational burnout of operating room nurses,and improving the level of psychological capital can reduce the level of occupational burnout of operating room nurses.

Investigation and job burnout and its countermeasures in nurses with different nursing age in breast surgery of grade-A tertiary hospitals in Quanzhou City

LAN Fangchen, LI Wenhui, WANG Xiaoling, CHEN Huilan, YAN Haixia

2025, 41(22):  3051-3055. 

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Objective To explore job burnout level of nurses with different nursing age in breast surgery of grade-A tertiary hospitals in Quanzhou City,analyze influencing factors of job burnout and formulate targeted intervention strategies accordingly. Method From January 2021 to October 2024,a cluster sampling method was used to select 100 nurses from the breast surgery department of grade-A tertiary hospitals in Quanzhou City as the research subjects. They were divided into low nursing age group (<5 years,n=30),middle nursing age group(5-10 years,n=40) and high nursing age group(>10 years,n=30) according to their nursing age.The general data of nurses were collected.The job burnout level(emotional exhaustion,depersonalization,low personal accomplishment) was analyzed by Maslach burnout inventory. The job burnout in nurses with different demographic characteristics was analyzed by univariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Results The scores of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization in high nursing age group were (4.01±0.81) and (4.34±0.37)points,lower than those in middle nursing age group[(4.43±0.66) and (4.62±0.52)points] and low nursing age group[(4.97±0.72) and (5.01±0.41)points]. The low personal achievement score of the high nursing age group was (4.89±0.64)points,which was higher than that of the medium nursing age group[(4.54±0.53)points] and the low nursing age group[(4.18±0.67)points](both P<0.05).Univariate analysis showed that there were no statistically significant differences in gender,education level,job nature,affiliation,and marital status among nurses of different nursing ages(all P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the age and professional title of nurses with different nursing ages,and with the increase of nursing age,the age and professional title of nurses gradually increased(both P<0.05).With the increase of nursing age,the lower the age and professional title,the more frequent the white/night shift,the higher the job burnout level(P<0.05).The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that age,professional title and job nature were risk factors of job burnout(all P<0.05). Conclusion There are differences in job burnout level among nurses with different nursing age in breast surgery of grade-A tertiary hospitals in Quanzhou City,and it is influenced by multiple factors. The demographic characteristics such as nursing age,age,professional title and white/night shift are closely related to job burnout. In the nursing management of breast surgery,these factors should be fully considered,personalized intervention measures should be formulated for nurses with different nursing age,professional titles,work scheduling characteristics to improve psychological state of nursing staffs.

Investigation on occupational hazards of 7 lithium-ion battery manufacturers based on the entire industrial chain

QI Yuqian, WANG Guohai, FU Qiang, LU Qiang, ZHU Jianquan, TAN Lifeng

2025, 41(22):  3056-3062. 

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Objective To investigate and identify the occupational hazard factors across all the operational positions in the lithium-ion battery production industrial chain for providing scientific basis for putting forward targeted prevention and control countermeasures. Methods Seven representative manufacturers in Changzhou,covering the entire lithium-ion battery industrial chain(including cathode materials,anode materials,separators,electrolytes,and battery assembly),were selected as the research subjects. The field investigation of occupational health was carried out by means of questionnaire. The results of occupational hazard factors test were analyzed by collecting the test reports of occupational hazard factors from 2022 to 2024,and were further carried out the occupational hazard classification as well as the contact grade classification in accordance with the relevant national occupational health standards. Results The occupational hazard factors were identified in the 7 lithium-ion battery manufacturers covering the entire industrial chain,involving 5 production units(cathode material,anode material,electrolyte,separator,and assembly) across 18 operational positions,including 8 types of dust such as other dust,graphite dust,carbon black dust,alumina dust,polyethylene dust,aluminum metal dust,welding fume and copper dust,8 types of toxic substances like ethyl acetate,cobalt and its compounds,zirconium and its compounds,nickel and insoluble nickel compounds,fluorine and its compounds,hydrogen fluoride,dichloromethane as well as manganese and its compounds,and 3 types of physical hazards including noise,X-rays,and beta rays. Among all the jobs positions in the entire industry chain of lithium-ion battery production,the number of positions exposed to noise was the largest(94.44%),and the number of positions exposed to dust,poison and radioactive factors were 66.67%,61.11% and 11.11%,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(χ²=26.743,P<0.01). The compliance rate of all occupational hazard factors encountered in the above job positions was 100.00%,with all positions classified as level 0. Among the contact grades of dust exposure positions,the Ⅱ level was the most,accounting for 78.13%,and theⅠ,0,Ⅲ and Ⅳ levels accounted for 9.38%,6.25%,6.25% and 0,respectively,with no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).Among them,graphite dust(total dust) in the coating and drying position of the final assembly,aluminum metal dust in the weighing and feeding position of cathode material production were rated as contact level III. Moreover,among the exposure levels of toxic posts,the highest level was 0,accounting for 87.88%,while the levels Ⅱ,Ⅰ,Ⅲ and Ⅳaccounted for 6.06%,3.03%,3.03% and 0,respectively,with no statistically significant difference(P>0.05). Among them,cobalt and its compounds at the demagnetizing packaging position in cathode material production was rated as contact level III. Conclusion Attention should be paid to occupational hazard factors such as graphite dust in the coating and drying position of the final assembly,aluminum metal dust in the weighing and feeding position of positive material production,cobalt and its compounds in the packaging position of positive material production,and noise in the crushing and weighing and feeding positions of positive material production,final assembly sheet making and liquid injection,chemical skin(eye) burns that may be caused by hydrogen fluoride in primary and secondary injection positions,and the radioactive hazards caused by beta rays in the thickness measuring positions of diaphragm production as well as in the positive and negative electrode coating drying positions of battery assembly.

Mediating effect of emotional labor on emotional intelligence and job burnout in clinical nurses

WANG Qian, CHEN Chunyan, XUE Xiaoyan, ZHANG Dongmei, CHEN Shuo, GENG Guiling

2025, 41(22):  3063-3067. 

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Objective To explore the mediating role of emotional labor between emotional intelligence and job burnout in clinical nurses,so as to provide reference for the accurate formulation of nurses' mental health intervention strategies. Methods Convenience sampling was used to select clinical nurses from a tertiary hospital in Nanjing City as the research subjects from June to July 2024. General information survey,emotional intelligence scale,job burnout scale,and emotional labor scale were used for questionnaire survey,and structural equation modeling was used to analyze the mediating effect of emotional labor. Results A total of 510 nurses were surveyed,with emotional intelligence scores of (84.61±18.12)points,job burnout scores of (66.90±23.16)points,and emotional labor scores of (57.48±12.20)points. Emotional intelligence was negatively correlated with burnout(r=-0.675, P<0.01). The total score and scores of each dimension of burnout were positively correlated with the total score of the surface acting dimension of emotional labor(r=0.092-0.140,all P<0.05),negatively correlated with the total score of the deep acting dimension(r=-0.513--0.375,all P<0.01),and positively correlated with emotional expression demands(r=0.042-0.127,all P<0.05). The mediating effect model fitted well,indicating that emotional labor partially mediated the relationship between emotional intelligence and burnout(β=0.034,P<0.05). Conclusion The level of burnout among clinical nurses is moderate,and emotional labor partially mediates the relationship between emotional intelligence and burnout. Nursing managers should further pay attention to nurse burnout and take targeted intervention measures to improve nurses' emotional intelligence. By adjusting work intensity,improving incentive mechanisms,and other measures,the surface acting and emotional expression demands of emotional labor can be reduced,and the level of deep acting can be improved,thereby reducing burnout.

Experimental study on the measurement of radiation dose to non-target tissues of patients in superficial x-ray therapy

YU Runqiu, JIANG Wenwen, MA Yongzhong, FENG Zechen, BAI Bin

2025, 41(22):  3068-3073. 

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Objective To experimentally measure the radiation dose of non-target tissues of patients in superficial X-ray therapy(SFXT),and to understand the dose received by tissues outside the target and organs under typical SFXT conditions,so as to provide experimental basis and guidance for evaluation of radiation hazard risk and protection of non-target tissues of patients. Method A SRT-100 superficial X-ray therapy system was used as the radiation source,and the surface doses corresponding to interested points of an ATOM 702 anthropomorphic phantom were measured.Fifteen measurement points were set on the surface of the phantom at locations corresponding to the eye lens,thyroid,breast,chest,abdomen and gonads,and each point was equipped with a thermoluminescent detector(TLD).A field size of Φ=10 cm was determined to simulate chest treatment conditions at 100 kV and 8 mA,with a cumulative dose of 32 Gy.The TLD Cube thermoluminescent dosimeter reader was used to measure the doses.The Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine the non-target radiation dose on the left and right sides of the simulated torso body surface,with P<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results Under unshielded conditions,the doses received by the left and right thyroid were 404.26 and 527.74 mGy,respectively.The doses received by the left and right breast were 512.62 and 446.74 mGy,respectively. The dose at the chest midline was 494.71 mGy. The doses received by the left and right eye lens were 22.09 and 27.44 mGy,respectively,and the doses received by the left and right gonads were 1.86 and 1.45 mGy,respectively.With the central axis of the irradiation field as the symmetry axis,the dose ranges at 27 points on the left and right sides of the torso surface were 0.31-512.62 mGy and 0.32-527.74 mGy,with average doses of 161.86 and 120.01 mGy,respectively.When the phantom surface was shielded with 0.35 mm Pb,the doses at the corresponding locations were reduced by over 90%. Conclusion The dose received by non-target tissues during superficial X-ray therapy is closely related to the distance from the irradiation field and the shielding conditions.It is essential to standardize the operational procedures for superficial X-ray therapy and non-target tissue protection to minimize the radiation risk to non-target organs of patients.

Effects of combined sleep deprivation and noise exposure on hippocampal neuroinflammation and pyroptosis

SONG Xiaoqiong, CHENG Mengzhu, MA Kefeng, SHE Xiaojun, CUI Bo

2025, 41(22):  3074-3080. 

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Objective To explore the effects of sleep deprivation and noise combined exposure on hippocampal neuroinflammation and pyroptosis,and to provide clues for clarifying the synergistic effects and mechanisms of these factors on the nervous system. Methods Forty-eight male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups：the control(C) group,the sleep deprivation(SD) group,the noise exposure(NE) group,and the sleep deprivation combined with noise exposure(SN) group. The sleep deprivation paradigm was established by employing the curling prevention by water(CPW) paradigm. The noise intensity was 115 dB SPL,and the duration lasted for 4 hours. The activity level of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and the content level of malonaldehyde(MDA) in the hippocampal tissues of the mice were determined using kits. The level of corticosterone(CORT) in the serum of the mice was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The expressions of inflammatory factors and genes and proteins related to pyroptosis in the hippocampal tissues of the mice were measured by quantitative real-time PCR(RT-qPCR) and Western Blot. Results Following sleep deprivation and noise exposure,the serum CORT levels in SD group of mice were significantly increased in comparison to C group(P<0.05). The serum CORT levels in NE group demonstrated an upward trend,yet the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05). The serum CORT levels in SN group were significantly increased(P<0.05). Compared with C group,the SOD activity in the hippocampus tissue of SD,NE and SN groups were significantly decreased(all P<0.05),and the MDA content were significantly increased(all P<0.05). These findings suggested that sleep deprivation and noise exposure could induce disturbances in the oxidation-reduction balance of hippocampal tissues. Additionally,the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-18(IL-18) and interleukin-1β(IL-1β) mRNA in the hippocampal tissues of SD,NE and SN groups were observed to have increased significantly in comparison to that of C group(all P<0.05). Further analysis revealed that compared to C group,SD,NE and SN groups exerted a pronounced influence on the hippocampal NOD-like receptor thermal protein domian associated protein 3(NLRP3)/cysteine aspartate-specific protease1(Caspase-1)/gasdermin-D(GSDMD) pathway associated with pyroptosis(all P<0.05). Additionally,factorial analysis indicated that sleep deprivation and combined noise exposure exerted an interactive effect on the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins(P<0.05). Conclusion Sleep deprivation and noise exposure alone and in combination can cause neuroinflammatory responses in the hippocampus,leading to neuronal pyroptosis,and the two have a synergistic effect,ultimately increasing the risk of neurological damage.

Epidemiological characteristics analysis of pertussis in Hedong District of Tianjin from 2018 to 2023

LI Yuanheng, SUN Qiuyun, WANG Haowu, FU Junli, GAO Yue, GUO Yuting

2025, 41(22):  3081-3085. 

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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in Hedong District of Tianjin from 2018 to 2023,and to provide reference for the prevention and control of pertussis. Methods The data of pertussis cases in Hedong District of Tianjin from 2018 to 2023 were collected,and the data were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology. Results A total of 213 cases of pertussis were reported in Hedong District of Tianjin from 2018 to 2023,with an average annual incidence of 4.43/100 000. The highest incidence rate was 183.96/100 000 at the age of 0-<1. The incidence was concentrated in 2-<15 years old(58.69%),with 6-<15 years old accounting for 40.38%. The total immunization rate of 2-<15 years old patients was 96.80%,and the immunization rate of 2-<5 years old patients was 100.00%. In the cluster of cases,the main source of infection was 2-<15 years old(71.43%),especially school-age children and adolescents aged 6-<15 years old(53.57%),and the main transmission route was“school-age children and adolescents→adults”. Conclusion The reported incidence of pertussis in Hedong District of Tianjin from 2018 to 2023 shows an overall increasing trend. Attention should be paid to the prevention and control of school-age children and adolescents with high vaccine coverage,and the whole-life cycle immunization strategy should be optimized.

Research on the status quo and influencing factors of nurses' attitude towards information security in grade-A tertiary hospitals in Tianjin City

CHEN Longxia, ZHANG Yajun, ZHANG Siai, SUN Hongyan

2025, 41(22):  3086-3090. 

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Objective To understand the current situation of nurses' attitudes towards information security in grade-A tertiary hospitals in Tianjin and explore its influencing factors,in order to provide reference for nursing managers to do a good job in clinical nursing management,improve nurses' safety attitude level,and ensure nursing information security. Methods Convenience sampling method was used to select 562 nurses from four grade-A tertiary hospitals in Tianjin from September 2024 to December 2024. General information survey,occupational identity scale(OIS),nurse's self-concept questionnaire(NSCQ),and information security attitude questionnaire(ISA-Q) were used for the survey,and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of nurses' information security attitude in grade-A tertiary hospitals in Tianjin was(88.55±27.88)points,with an average score of (2.95±0.93) points for each item,which was above average. The scores for different dimensions were as follows：Environmental control (8.48±3.00)points,maintaining equipment stability(11.30±3.85)points,information access restriction(11.66±3.86)points,work systematicity (23.86±7.88)points,enhancing professional responsibility(17.95±5.50)points,and continuing education and training(15.30±4.83)points. The results of multiple linear regression showed that length of service,educational level,technical title,position,occupational identity,and professional self-concept were the influencing factors of information security attitude(all P<0.01),which could explain 63.0% of the total variation. Conclusion The information security attitude of nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitalsin Tianjin is at a moderate to high level,among which length of service,educational level,technical title,position,professional identity,and professional self-concept are independent risk factors. It is suggested that hospital managers should strengthen the training of nurses' awareness of information security,establish a positive safety culture atmosphere,continuously strengthen nurses' professional self-concept,enhance their sense of professional identity,and thereby improve nurses' attitude towards information security.

Construction of evaluation index system for occupational safety literacy of nurses in emergency department

LIU Weiliang, WU Ping, XU Xueru, LIU Ye, CHEN Zhengrong, DUAN Zhiguang

2025, 41(22):  3091-3097. 

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Objective To construct the evaluation index system of occupational safety literacy of nurses in emergency department,and to provide reference for evaluating,cultivating,promoting and improving the occupational safety literacy of nurses in emergency department in China. Methods From June 1,2023 to March 10,2024,taking the occupational safety literacy of nurses in emergency department as the research object,and preliminarily constructed the evaluation index system through concept definition,theoretical support,text analysis,keyword co-occurrence analysis and thematic group discussion. Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process were used to determine the evaluation index system and the weight of each index. Results A total of 45 experts were invited for three rounds of consultation,and the effective recovery rates were 88.89%,77.50% and 83.87%,respectively. The academic attainment level of experts was 0.935,the familiarity of experts was 0.839,the expert judgment coefficient was 0.903,and the expert authority coefficient was 0.892. The Kendall’s coefficients of concordance of the three rounds of index system were 0.188,0.224 and 0.263,respectively(all P<0.01). Finally,the evaluation index system of occupational safety literacy of nurses in emergency department was constructed,including 3 first-level indicators,10 second-level indicators and 50 third-level indicators of occupational safety knowledge,occupational safety skills and occupational safety quality. Conclusion The evaluation index system of occupational safety literacy of emergency nurses constructed in this study is scientific,reliable,targeted and practical,and can be used as a reference for evaluating,training and assessing the occupational safety literacy of emergency nurses.

Correlation analysis of emotional intelligence,emotional labor,and coping style during standardized training for resident physicians

LI Peijuan, LIAO Ru, LI Xiaolin

2025, 41(22):  3098-3103. 

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Objective To understand the status and correlation of emotional intelligence,emotional labor,and coping styles during standardized training for resident physicians,and to provide reference for promoting and improving physician motivation and physical and mental health. Methods From May to July 2022,convenience sampling was used to select resident physicians who participated in standardized training at four training bases in Sichuan Province as the survey subjects.Wong and law's emotional intelligence scale(WLEIS),emotional labor scale(ELS),and the simplified coping style questionnaire(SCSQ) were conducted on the 249 residents,and the data were analyzed. Results The score of WLEIS of 249 residents was (77.87±14.13)points,the score of ELS was (42.80±6.88)points,the score of positive coping style was (1.91±0.43)points,and the score of negative coping style was (1.68±0.54)points. Correlation analysis showed that positive coping style was positively correlated with the total score and scores of various dimensions of emotional intelligence(r=0.334-0.531,all P<0.05),negatively correlated with the score of emotional labor surface acting dimension(r=-0.159,P<0.05),and positively correlated with the scores of deep acting and natural acting dimensions(r=0.236,0.335,both P<0.05). Negative coping style was positively correlated with surface acting and emotional labor(r=0.186,0.216,both P<0.05). Self-emotional expression and appraisal and emotional application ability of emotional intelligence,and natural acting strategies of emotional labor were the main factors that affected the selection of positive coping styles by residents,which could explain 40.2% of the total variation(R²=0.402,P<0.05). Conclusion During resident training,the overall emotional intelligence and emotional labor level of the resident physicians are relatively high,and they are more inclined to perform a positive coping style. The self-emotional expression and appraisal and emotional application ability of emotional intelligence,and natural acting strategies of emotional labor are significantly correlated with positive coping styles. Managers should pay attention to cultivating the relevant abilities of residents in a targeted manner,and residents should actively express their inner emotional experiences,thereby improving their level of positive coping and promoting physical and mental health development.

Analysis of monitoring results of adverse events following immunization in Fucheng District of Mianyang City from 2014 to 2023

LI Tao

2025, 41(22):  3104-3109. 

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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of adverse events following immunization(AEFI) in Fucheng District of Mianyang City from 2014 to 2023,and provide scientific basis for the safety evaluation of vaccination in Fucheng District of Mianyang City. Methods The monitoring case and vaccination data reported in Fucheng District of Mianyang City from 2014 to 2023 were collected and organized through the National AEFI Monitoring System,Sichuan Provincial Immunization Planning Information Management System,and China Immunization Planning Information Management System. A database was established using Excel 2010,and SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used for statistical processing. The count data was expressed in rate,and the rate comparison was conducted using χ² test,α=0.05. Results From 2014 to 2023,a total of 1 760 AEFI cases were reported in Fucheng District of Mianyang City,with no deaths reported. The reported incidence rate was 26.73/100 000,increasing from 25.60/100 000 in 2014 to 44.67/100 000 in 2023,with an average annual growth rate of 6.38%. The reported incidence rate showed an upward trend(χ²_trend=67.859,P<0.01). The incidence rate of general reactions was 24.52/100 000,and the incidence rate of abnormal reactions was 1.44/100 000. The reported incidence rate of AEFI in rural townships was higher than that in urban streets(χ²=55.917,P<0.01). The reporting time showed seasonal clustering characteristics with peaks(r=0.215,P<0.01),and more cases were reported from May to August. The male-to-female ratio of reported AEFI cases was 0.98∶1. The age group with the highest incidence of AEFI was 0-<2 years old,accounting for 51.82% of the cases. Conclusion The AEFI reports in Fucheng District of Mianyang City from 2014 to 2023 mainly focuses on general reactions,while the incidence of severe abnormal reactions was relatively low,reflecting good vaccine safety. However,it is still necessary to strengthen public health education,enhance the work ability of vaccination personnel,strengthen monitoring and improve monitoring sensitivity.

Analysis of the disease burden and economic risk caused by excessive sugar-sweetened beverage intake among adults in China

ZHAO Peiyan, PAN Dongyang, LEI Deyu, TENG Mingyu

2025, 41(22):  3110-3115. 

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Objective To analyze the trend of disease burden and economic risk caused by excessive intake of sugary beverages among adults in China,and provide policy basis for promoting high-quality development of human capital in China. Methods Based on the global disease burden research database,analyze the disease burden and potential economic risks caused by excessive consumption of sugary beverages in China. Results From 1990 to 2019,the total number of deaths caused by excessive intake of sugar-sweetened beverages in our country increased from 23 975 to 46 634,and the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) increased from 0.647 8 million person-years to 1.016 2 million person-years. In addition,when the mortality rate caused by excessive intake of sugar-sweetened beverages reaches 1‰,the corresponding cost would increase from 8.7 billion yuan to 362.331 billion yuan. Conclusion From 1990 to 2019,the disease burden attributable to excessive intake of sugar-sweetened beverages in China has shown an upward trend,posing certain potential risks to social and economic development. Prevention efforts should be strengthened,public health awareness should be enhanced,healthy eating habits should be cultivated,and efforts should be made to explore the establishment of a consumption tax on sugar-sweetened beverages based on a specific quantity-based assessment method.

Analysis of blood arsenic,blood selenium and blood antimony internal exposure levels in non-occupationally exposed population in Xinjiang

ZHU Yuming, WANG Chenchen, Rishalaiti Tayier, Dawureni Muhetaer, LIN Qin

2025, 41(22):  3116-3119. 

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Objective To provide reference for the formulation of environmental health policies by analyzing the internal exposure levels of arsenic,selenium and antimony in whole blood of non-occupationally exposed people in Xinjiang. Method From December 2020 to December 2022,a stratified random sampling method was used to select approximately 1 008 healthy residents(50% male and 50% female) in 6 age groups(3-<6,6-<12,12-<19,19-<40,40-<60,≥60 years old) of 3-89 years oldin four study sites,including Altay City,Shuimogou District of Urumqi City,Wuqia County,and Zephyr County,and three villages(communities) in each study site. A 1 mL fasting venous blood sample was collected,and the levels of blood arsenic,blood selenium and blood antimony were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS). Excel and SPSS 21.0 were applied to organize and analyze the data. Results The actual number of whole blood samples tested was 969. The M(P₂₅,P₇₅) of blood arsenic,blood selenium,and blood antimony in the non-occupationally exposed population in Xinjiang were 0.737(0.577,1.005),110.287 (95.477,126.056),and 5.264(3.610,7.162)μg/L,respectively.The differences in blood arsenic,blood selenium,and blood antimony concentrations among the four regions were statistically significant(χ²=52.300,96.164,53.939,all P<0.05). Two-by-two comparisons showed that the blood arsenic concentrations of Altay residents were statistically different from those of Wuqia County and Zephyr County(χ²=-4.430,-6.548,both P<0.05). The blood arsenic concentrations of Shuimogou residents were statistically different from those of Wuqia County and Zephyr County(χ²=-3.057,-5.186,both P<0.05). The blood arsenic concentrations of Wuqia County residents were statistically different from those of Zephyr County(χ²=-2.030,P<0.05),and Zephyr County residents had the highest blood arsenic concentration. The blood selenium concentration of the residents of Altay City was statistically different from that of Shuimogou District,Wuqia County and Zephyr County(χ²=-4.809,-9.065,-7.620,all P<0.05). The blood selenium concentration of the residents of Shuimogou District was statistically different from that of Wuqia County and Zephyr County(χ²=-4.438,-2.908,both P<0.05),and the blood selenium concentration of the residents in Wuqia County was the highest. Blood antimony concentrations of residents of Altay City,Shuimogou District and Wuqia County were statistically significant different from those of Zephyr County(χ²=3.654,7.184,2.350,all P<0.05). Blood antimony concentrations of residents of Shuimogou District were statistically different from those of Altay City,Wuqia County and Zephyr County(χ²=-3.471,4.705,7.184,all P<0.05),and the highest blood antimony concentration was observed in residents in Shuimogou District. There were statistically significant differences in blood arsenic,blood selenium,and blood antimony concentrations among residents of urban and rural areas(χ²=5.456,4.088,-8.127,all P<0.05). Among them,blood arsenic concentration(0.681 μg/L) and blood selenium concentration(106.822 μg/L) of urban residents were lower than those of rural areas(blood arsenic was 0.778 μg/L and blood selenium was 113.518 μg/L). Blood antimony concentrations were higher in urban residents(5.996 μg/L) than in rural areas(4.795 μg/L). There were no statistically significant differences in blood arsenic,blood selenium and blood antimony concentrations among residents of different age groups and genders(χ²=4.820,10.409,5.488,all P>0.05). Correlation analysis results showed that blood selenium was positively correlated with blood arsenic and blood antimony(r=0.350,0.090,both P<0.05),and blood arsenic was negatively correlated with blood antimony(r=-0.130,P<0.05). Conclusion There are regional and urban/rural differences in blood arsenic,selenium and antimony exposure levels in non-occupationally exposed populations in Xinjiang. There are large differences between the exposure levels in the population and the results of studies in other regions of China,which may be related to the differences in geographic areas,living habits of the population,and the degree of environmental pollution and exposure.

Research on the current status of self-directed learning abilities among medical students and its correlation with subjective well-being

SHI Lingyun, LIU Yuanyuan, SHI Li, HAN Chunxi, ZHANG Hong, WANG Tingting

2025, 41(22):  3120-3125. 

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Objective To explore the current status of self-directed learning abilities among medical students and its correlation with subjective well-being,in order to provide a theoretical basis for enhancing self-directed learning abilities in medical students. Method From October to December 2023,a questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 809 undergraduate students from the first to fifth year in two medical colleges located in Shanghai on the east coast of China and Urumqi on the west inland using a simple random sampling method. The self-directed learning scale was used to assess the students' self-directed learning abilities,while the adolescent student life satisfaction scale and the happiness scale were utilized to evaluate their subjective well-being.A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to analyze the correlation between medical students' self-directed learning abilities and their subjective well-being. Results Among the students who participated in the survey,555 were male,accounting for 30.7%,and 1254 were female,accounting for 69.3%. There were 1114 freshmen,accounting for 61.6%,395 sophomores,accounting for 21.8%,123 juniors,accounting for 6.8%,and 177 seniors and above,accounting for 9.8%.Female students had higher self-directed learning abilitiesscores[(75.02±15.90)points] than male students[(70.33±18.82)points], urban household students had higher self-directed learning abilities scores[(74.80±17.29)points] than rural household students[(71.33±16.16)points], the self -directed learning abilities scores of Urumqi students[(10.85±2.98)points] were higher than those of Shanghai students [(10.39±3.27)points](all P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the school(β=0.363,95%CI：0.243-0.482)and environment(β=0.335,95%CI：0.090-0.621) scores in the adolescent student life satisfaction scale were positively correlated with the self-directed learning abilities of medical students,and the positive emotion score in the happiness scale(β=0.242,95%CI：0.132-0.360)was positively correlated with the self-directed learning abilities of medical students,while the negative emotion score(β=-0.404,95%CI：-0.471--0.323) was negatively correlated with the self-directed learning abilities of medical students. Conclusion The self-directed learning abilities is closely related to the subjective well-being of medical students,and these findings are of great significance for understanding and improving medical education,especially in promoting students' overall well-being and academic achievement.

Scoping review of the assessment tools for activities of daily living in the elderly

BAO Lingqian, YU Xiaoyun, SHAN Xiao, ZHANG Yudie, QIAN Ying

2025, 41(22):  3126-3131. 

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Objective To compare the assessment tools for activities of daily living activities in elderly people at home and abroad,and provide reference for clinical staff to screen suitable tools for evaluating activities of daily living in the elderly. Methods A systematic search of Chinese and English databases was conducted,selecting literature related to the development or validation of activities of daily living assessment tools.A scoping review methodology was employed for analysis. Results A total of 34 studies were included,of which 20 focused on tool development and 14 on validation.There were a total of 20 tools,including 6 general-purpose tools and 14 specific-purpose tools. Conclusion There is a diverse range of activities of daily living assessment tools for the elderly,with a predominance of specific-purpose tools. The overall reliability of these tools is good,but there are still some deficiencies in validity.Clinical staff should consider comprehensively when selecting tools.In the future,it is recommended that intelligent technologies be integrated to enable personalized,real-time,and remote assessment of the activities of daily living of elderly individuals.

Analysis of research hotspots and trends of health food in China

HE Cairong, WANG Langhong, PANG Panxing, XU Zhongyue

2025, 41(22):  3132-3137. 

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Objective To review the research status,research hotspots and trends in the field of health food in China,and provides reference for the breakthrough and innovative development of the health food industry. Methods Based on bibliometric methods,this paper searched 2 388 research articles related to health food from January 1993 to November 2023,and analyzed the number of publications,institutions,authors,and keyword collinear,clustering,and emergent word graphs using CiteSpace software. Results From 1999 to 2023,the number of published papers showed an overall upward trend,and the main research institutions in China were Nanchang University,Jilin University and Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention,etc.,and the authors with a large number of papers were mainly YANG Dajin,LUO Rencai and TANG Yingzhang.A total of 12 cluster tags were formed in the papers in this field,and after removing the keywords related to the subject,the four keywords with the most frequent occurrence were illegal addition,Chinese patent medicine,preparation process,and health care function. Conclusion The research hotspots and trends focus on the safety and functionality of health foods,as well as the development and promotion of Chinese medicines in health foods.

Meta-analysis of the prevalence of burnout among intensive care unit nurses in China

TAN Xijin, CHEN Qiuxia

2025, 41(22):  3138-3142. 

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Objective To comprehensively evaluate the prevalence of severe burnout among intensive care unit(ICU) nurses in China using meta-analytic methods,providing a scientific foundation for future intervention strategies. Methods A systematic search was conducted to identify literature on burnout among ICU nurses in China. Databases included PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,Cochrane Library,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),VIP,Wanfang database,and China Biomedical Literature Database. The search covered studies published from the inception of each database up to August 9,2024. Two researchers independently performed literature screening,quality assessment,and data extraction,followed by meta-analysis using Stata 17.0 software. Results A total of 18 papers met the inclusion criteria,covering a total sample size of 5 290 ICU nurses. Meta-analysis showed that the estimated prevalence of severe emotional exhaustion among ICU nurses was 50.8%(95%CI：44.1%-57.4%),the prevalence of severe depersonalization was 42.4%(95%CI：34.1%-51.0%),and the prevalence of severe personal accomplishment deficiency was 59.9%(95%CI：46.9%-72.3%). Further subgroup analyses showed that ICU nurses aged 18-30 years,with a specialist degree,1-<5 years of ICU experience,from the eastern region,and in studies conducted from 2011 to 2017 had a relatively high prevalence of severe burnout. Conclusion Burnout among ICU nurses in China is relatively common and is influenced by multiple factors,including age,educational background,years of experience,and geographic location. Healthcare administrators and nursing leaders should focus on specific subgroups of ICU nurses and implement targeted intervention strategies to reduce their burnout levels.

Meta-analysis on the correlation between chronic disease and falls in older adults

WANG Weihong, HAN Rui, NIU Sen, SONG Hongying, QI Jinfang

2025, 41(22):  3143-3148. 

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Objective To explore the correlation between chronic diseases and falls in older adults through meta-analysis,so as to evaluate the impact of chronic diseases on the risk of falls in older adults. Methods Search CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,CBM,Embase,PubMed,WOS,and other databases,with the search time being from the establishment of the database to January 1,2025. Older adults aged 60 years and older who met the inclusion criteria were selected as study subjects,and the selected studies included cohort studies and case-control studies. RevMan 5.3 software was used for data analysis to summarize the fall rate of the elderly and explore the correlation between chronic diseases and falls. To ensure the quality of the studies,the Newcastle-Ottawa scale(NOS) scoring system was used for evaluation. Results The fall rate of the elderly reached 24%,and among many chronic diseases,diabetes mellitus(OR=1.20,95%CI：1.12-1.29), hyperlipidemia(OR=1.10,95%CI：1.02-1.19), anxiety or depression(OR=1.43,95%CI：1.31-1.57), cognitive dysfunction(OR=1.41,95%CI：1.17-1.69), sleep disturbance(OR=1.75,95%CI：1.25-2.47), cardiovascular disease(OR=1.18,95%CI：1.08-1.28), cerebrovascular disease(OR=1.53,95%CI：1.36-1.73), respiratory disease(OR=1.11,95%CI：1.06-1.15), osteoarthritis(OR=1.40,95%CI：1.30-1.50), osteoporosis(OR=1.31,95%CI：1.19-1.44) and visual impairments(OR=1.23,95%CI：1.15-1.33), and hearing(OR=1.62,95%CI：1.34-1.96) impairments increased the risk of falls in older adults. Conclusion Among many chronic diseases, sleep disorders, hearing impairment and cerebrovascular diseases have a particularly significant impact on falls in the elderly,so it is very important for the elderly to maintain adequate sleep and a healthy body.

Investigation and Research

Analysis of the characteristics of new pneumoconiosis cases in a district of Beijing from 2014 to 2023

GUO Yuanyuan, YUN Shuiying, WANG Mingliang, XU Deyue, YANG Bo, YAN Yunzheng

2025, 41(22):  3149-3152. 

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Objective To analyze the characteristics of new pneumoconiosis cases in a district of Beijing from 2014 to 2023. Methods The newly diagnosed and reported pneumoconiosis cases from 2014 to 2023 were collected and analyzed through the“China Disease Prevention and Control Information System" subsystem "Occupational Disease and Health Hazard Monitoring Information System". Results A total of 114 new pneumoconiosis cases were reported in a certain district of Beijing from 2014 to 2023,mainly silicosis(69.3%),and the number of stage I pneumoconiosis cases was the highest(82 cases,71.93%). The average age of diagnosis for the cases was (61.48±11.75)years,and the average length of dust exposure was (21.71±10.04)years. The cases were mainly concentrated in the mining industry(77 cases,67.54%) and large enterprises(98 cases,85.96%),and the main types of work were crushing and other types of work in the factory. There were statistically significant differences in disease types of pneumoconiosis among different diagnosis age,dust exposure age,industry and enterprise scale(all P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the age of diagnosis and the length of dust exposure among different genders,types of pneumoconiosis,starting date of exposure,types of work and industry types(all P<0.05). Conclusion From 2014 to 2023,the overall incidence of new occupational diseases in a certain district of Beijing showed a downward trend,with a high proportion of pneumoconiosis cases. It is necessary to continue to strengthen the prevention and control of occupational diseases and protect the health rights and interests of workers.

Health Management and Research

Quantitative comparative analysis of provincial occupational disease prevention and control "14th Five-year plan" policy based on the PMC index model

GAO Meili, LAN Tian, WANG Xiaoshun, WANG Luyang, BI Mingli, DING Xiaowen

2025, 41(22):  3153-3158. 

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Objective Based on the “National Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Plan(2021-2025)”,the study analyzes the "14th Five-Year Plan" policy for occupational disease prevention and control formulated by various provincial administrative regions in China,identifies differences and advanced practices,and provides a basis for the optimization and improvement of future occupational disease prevention and control policies. Methods Policy documents for occupational disease prevention and control in the "14th Five-Year Plan" formulated by China and various provincial administrative regions were collected. Evaluation indicators were designed through literature review and expert interviews. Text mining was conducted on policy samples using ROSTCM 6.0 software,and a policy tool theory and policy modeling consistency(PMC) index model were constructed. Quantitative comparative research was conducted on sample policies from a provincial comparative perspective. Results A total of 28 policy documents for occupational disease prevention and control at the provincial level in the "14th Five-Year Plan" were included. The average PMC index was 9.43,with 1 document achieving perfect coverage,24 being excellent,and 3 being good. Among the first-level indicators,the PMC index for policy evaluation was 0.60(acceptable level),while the others were all above 0.90(excellent level). All provincial administrative regions basically followed the work guidelines and ideas of the national plan,covering aspects such as hazard prevention and control,small,medium,and micro enterprises,regulatory enforcement,and technological innovation. There were differences in seven second-level indicators,including independent innovation,background description,and indicator quantification. Conclusion The overall quality of policy for occupational disease prevention and control at the provincial level in the "14th Five-Year Plan" is excellent,demonstrating scientific and rationality. In terms of policy content,aspects such as background description,indicator quantification,and clear responsibilities can be further refined to enhance their guidance. Additionally,each region can draw on the good experiences and practices of other provincial administrative regions,identify gaps and breakthrough points,and lay the foundation for optimizing their own occupational health policies and formulating the "15th Five-Year Plan" for occupational disease prevention and control.

Overview

Research progress on short-form video addiction in college students

LING Zheyi, CAO Meijuan

2025, 41(22):  3159-3163. 

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Short-form video addiction has a serious negative impact on physical and mental state,behavioral health and academic development of college students,it has gradually become a common concern in the society.This paper reviews the definition,current situation,assessment tools,influencing factors and intervention measures of short-form video addiction,aiming to provide references for further improving the assessment tools for college students' short-form addiction,developing intervention strategies that are suitable for Chinese college students,and reducing their level of short-form addiction.

Research progress on job crafting behaviors among nurses

WANG Jingrui, LIU Shujuan, LI Kaixin, CHI Yujiao, WANG Junting

2025, 41(22):  3164-3168. 

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Nurses' job crafting behavior refers to the process of nurses' active adjustment and optimization of work tasks,work relationships and work cognition according to the work situation and personal needs in the work environment,which is a key strategy to enhance work adaptability and satisfaction. Nurses' job crafting behavioris prevalent in clinical nursing work,characterized by initiative,flexibility and continuity,and has an important impact on occupational satisfaction,patient care quality and personal career development. This paper reviews the influencing factors,measurement tools,and intervention strategies of nurse job crafting behavior,with a view to providing reference for clinical nursing practice in China,and promoting nurses' career development and the continuous improvement of nursing quality.