Table of Content

15 July 2026, Volume 42 Issue 14

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Treatise—Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases

Survey on application status of radiation diagnosis and treatment resources in Zhenjiang City in 2024

HUANG Rui, XIE Shi, WU Jiayan

2026, 42(14):  1873-1877. 

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Objective To understand the current situation of the application of radiation diagnosis and treatment resources in Zhenjiang City，fill the gap in the investigation of radiation diagnosis and treatment resources in Zhenjiang City，provide a reference for the health management department to formulate health plans and allocate medical resources，and provide baseline comparison results for the subsequent development of radiation diagnosis and treatment resources in Zhenjiang City. Methods Based on the 2024 medical radiation protection monitoring project of medical and health institutions in Zhenjiang City，a unified questionnaire was used to investigate the basic situation of radiation diagnosis and treatment institutions，radiation diagnosis and treatment equipment，radiation staff and frequency of radiation diagnosis and treatment in Zhenjiang City，and the data were analyzed. Results There were 116 radiation diagnosis and treatment institutions in Zhenjiang City，and the number of radiology institutions was 35.96 per million population. There were 11 tertiary hospitals（9.5%），21 secondary hospitals（18.1%），and 84 primary and ungraded hospitals（72.4%）. There were 441 radiation diagnosis and treatment equipment，and the number of radiation diagnosis and treatment equipment was 136.70 per million population. There were 1 191 radiation workers，and the number of radiation workers was 369.19 per million population.The average number of radiology workers per device in different levels of hospitals was 4.34 in tertiary hospitals，1.91 in secondary hospitals，and 1.33 in primary and unclassified hospitals. In 2024，the total frequency of radiation diagnosis and treatment in Zhenjiang City was 3 489 524 person-times，of which 49.4% were from tertiary hospitals，followed by primary and ungraded hospitals with 29.8%，and secondary hospitals with the lowest proportion of 20.8%. The frequency of medical irradiation was 1 081.69 person-times per 1 000 population，including 530.53 person-times per 1 000 population for routine X-ray diagnosis，492.76 person-times for CT diagnosis，5.87 person-times per 1 000 population for interventional diagnosis and treatment，0.77 person-times per 1 000 population for radiotherapy，and 1.98 person-times per 1 000 population for nuclear medicine diagnosis and treatment. The interventional therapy，radiotherapy and nuclear medicine diagnosis and treatment were mainly concentrated in tertiary medical institutions.The highest utilization rate of equipment was CT equipment in tertiary hospitals，and the lowest was radiotherapy equipment. Conclusions The total amount of radiation diagnosis and treatment resources in Zhenjiang City has reached the middle and upper level of Jiangsu Province，but there are some phenomena such as uneven distribution of resources，insufficient number of radiology staff in secondary，primary and unclassified medical institutions，high frequency of CT diagnosis and application，and insufficient development of high-end diagnosis and treatment service capacity. The health administrative departments should pay attention to it，further optimize resource allocation，promote regional balanced development，strictly adhere to CT examination indications，and strengthen advanced diagnosis and treatment projects in a targeted manner，to meet the health needs of the people and serve their health.

Risk analysis of occupational exposure to organic compounds in printing industry

YUAN Lingyan, YANG Yuanjun, YANG Xiaojia, WANG Li, LI Dan, ZHOU Wenjie

2026, 42(14):  1878-1883. 

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Objective To understand the current situation of organics in printing enterprises，provide reference basis for supervision and enforcement，research and revision of occupational disease prevention and control regulations，standards and policy measures. Methods Using judgmental sampling method，46 printing enterprises in Nan'an District of Chongqing were selected to carry out occupational health status survey and hazardous factor monitoring from 2020 to 2023. The data were collated and analyzed. The risk assessment was carried out by using qualitative and semi-quantitative risk assessment models in the technical guidelines for occupational health risk assessment of chemical hazardous factors in workplaces，and the assessment results were compared. Results From 2020 to 2023，a total of 14 microenterprises，31 small enterprises and 1 medium-sized enterprise were monitored，with a total of 1 403 people exposed to occupational hazards and 615 people exposed to chemical toxins，of which the proportion of organics was relatively high，namely，benzene 28.46%，toluene 60.81%，xylene 58.54%，ethylbenzene 51.54%，1，2-dichloroethane 26.50%，n-hexane 40.81%，formaldehyde 7.97%，and trichloroethylene 0.33%. The qualitative analysis of the exposed samples revealed that the combined detection rates in 2022-2023 from high to low were xylene（73.26%），toluene（58.14%），ethylbenzene （52.33%），n-hexane（36.05%），1，2-dichloroethane（22.09%），and benzene（11.63%），and the difference in the detection rate among different years was statistically significant（P<0.05）. For different positions，the highest detection rate of toluene（74.07%） was found in the printing position，ethylbenzene and xylene were detected in the oil blending position，while toluene and xylene were detected in the laminating position. For the gluing post，the organism with the highest detection rate was xylene（61.54%），and toluene and xylene were detected at the highest rate of 90.00% in the other posts. The results of the qualitative risk assessment showed that exposure to benzene，toluene，n-hexane，and 1，2-dichloroethane had a risk level of 4（high risk） for most of the positions，and most of the risk levels for exposure to other organics were in the range of 2 and 3（low and medium risk）. The results of the semi-quantitative risk assessment method showed that most of the organotoxicants were in the low and medium risk categories for the risk levels assessed by the exposure ratio method. The composite index method assessed risk levels in which most organotoxins were in the medium risk category. Conclusions There is an occupational health risk of organic toxins in printing enterprises. The organic substances have diversity，the accurate characterization of organic substances is the basis of occupational health supervision and management and prevention of occupational diseases，and production technology is constantly updated and iterative，it is more important to strengthen the identification and monitoring of organic substances，and the combination of quantitative and qualitative detection，in order to protect the health of workers.

Application of comprehensive risk assessment methods for occupational disease hazards in coal enterprises

XU Nuo, LI Yanping, ZHAO Xupeng, ZHANG Yuanyuan, TONG Yun, WANG Xuefeng

2026, 42(14):  1884-1887. 

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Objective To apply the comprehensive risk assessment method for occupational disease hazards in workplaces to conduct comprehensive risk assessment for occupational disease hazards in coal enterprises，explore the scientificity of this method，understand the risk level of occupational disease hazards in coal enterprises，and improve management efficiency. Methods From February to December 2023，this study employed stratified sampling and systematic sampling to select 49 coal mining enterprises as pilot units. The risk matrix method was used to determine the comprehensive risk levels of occupational disease hazards in these pilot units. Results Among the study subjects，28 enterprises（57.1%） were classified as Grade III for occupational disease hazard exposure risk，while 21 enterprises（42.9%） were Grade II. In terms of occupational health management status，8 enterprises（16.3%） were rated as Grade C（<70 points），and 3 enterprises（6.1%） as Grade B（70-89 points）. After comprehensive evaluation，8 enterprises（16.3%） were categorized as Class C for comprehensive risk of occupational disease hazards，and 26 enterprises（53.1%） as Class B. The severe Class C enterprises were predominantly large-scale coal mining enterprises，accounting for 12.2%，while Class B enterprises were also concentrated in large-scale enterprises，accounting for 46.9%. Conclusion This evaluation not only validates the effectiveness of the method，but also provides empirical data support and decision-making reference for precise prevention and control and scientific supervision of occupational disease hazards in the coal industry.

Research on correlation between role overload，work-family conflicts and occupational burnout of nurses in military hospitals

ZHANG Lili, ZONG Jing, ZHEN Lihua, WANG Chunying

2026, 42(14):  1888-1892. 

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Objective To understand the current situation and relationship between occupational burnout，role overload and work-family conflict among nurses in military hospitals，explore the mediating role of role overload，and provide reference for reducing nurses' occupational burnout. Methods From December 2024 to January 2025，196 nurses in a certain military hospital were collected by using the convenient sampling methodas the survey subjects，they were investigated by the role overload scale，the work-family conflict scale and the job burnout scale，and the data were analyzed. Results The role overload score of 196 nurses in military hospital was （16.36±3.76）points，the work-family conflict score was （56.84±8.54）points，and the occupational burnout score was （58.66±10.26）points. There were statistically significant differences in the role overload score among military hospital nurses in different gender，age，years of work experience，professional title，average monthly income，number of night shifts per month，number of children and marital status（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of work-family conflict and occupational burnout among military hospital nurses in different age，years of work experience，professional title，average monthly income，number of night shifts per month，number of children and marital status（all P<0.05）. The role overload level and work-family conflict level of military hospital nurses were positively correlated with the occupational burnout level（r=0.602，0.629，both P<0.01），and the role overload level was positively correlated with the work-family conflict level（r=0.559，P<0.01）. The role overload partially mediated the relationship between work-family conflict and occupational burnout among nurses in military hospitals，with an effect value of 0.249，accounting for 43.38% of the total effect. Conclusions The role overload and occupational burnout levels of nurses in military hospitals are relatively high，and role overload partially mediates the relationship between work-family conflict and occupational burnout. Reducing role overload and work-family conflict is beneficial for reducing the level of professional burnout among nurses.

Research on correlation between role overload pressure，psychological resilience and occupational burnout among geriatric nurses

NI Lina, CHEN Xiangrong, WANG Xinyao, WU Gaoxian, XU Yan, CHEN Lili

2026, 42(14):  1893-1897. 

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Objective To understand the status of role overload pressure，psychological resilience and occupational burnout of geriatric nurses，explore the relationship between the three，and provide reference for reducing occupational burnout among geriatric nurses. Methods From January to February 2025，a random sampling method（random number table method） was used to select 179 geriatric nurses from six grade-A tertiary comprehensive hospital in Wuhan City as the survey subjects. The role overload stress scale，psychological resilience scale and occupational burnout scale were used for the survey，and the data were analyzed. Results The score for the role overload pressure of geriatric nurses was （19.25±4.15）points，the score for psychological resilience was （94.46±18.34）points，and the score for occupational burnout was （61.52±12.38）points. There were statistically significant differences in the role overload pressure among geriatric nurses with different age，working hours in geriatrics，technical titles，monthly salaries，average number of night shifts per month，and marital status（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the psychological resilience among geriatric nurses with different age，working hours in geriatrics，technical titles，monthly salaries，andaverage number of night shifts per month（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the occupational burnout among geriatric nurses with different age，working hours in geriatrics，technical titles，monthly salaries，and average number of night shifts per month（all P<0.05）. The role overload pressure of geriatric nurses was positively correlated with occupational burnout（r=0.518，P<0.01），while psychological resilience was negatively correlated with occupational burnout（r=-0.486，P<0.01）.The role overload pressure was negatively correlated with psychological resilience（r=-0.526，P<0.01）.The role overload pressure and psychological resilience jointly explained 32.30% of the variation in occupational burnout among geriatric nurses. The psychological resilience partially mediated the relationship between role overload stress and occupational burnout，with a mediation effect value of 0.248，accounting for 42.11% of the total effect. Conclusions The occupational burnout of 179 geriatric nurses is at a high level，and role overload pressure and psychological resilience are important variables that affect occupational burnout. The psychological resilience can alleviate the impact of role overload pressure on occupational burnout among geriatric nurses. On the basis of reducing role overload pressure，improving psychological resilience can help reduce occupational burnout level.

Mediating role of empowering leadership in the relationship between technology overload and job burnout among emergency department nurses

ZHU Qin, HUANG Beibei, WU Weiwei, XIE Xingwen, LI Wenjuan

2026, 42(14):  1898-1903. 

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Objective To study the mediating role of empowering leadership in the relationship between technology overload and job burnout of emergency department nurses，so as to provide a basis for improving the empowering leadership of emergency department nurses，reducing technology overload and alleviating job burnout. Methods From October 2024 to January 2025，182 emergency department nurses from 8 grade-A tertiary general hospitals in Jiangsu Province were selected as the survey subjects by simple random sampling. The technology overload scale，empowering leadership scale and job burnout scale were used to investigate and analyze the correlation between the three. The differences in technology overload，empowering leadership and job burnout scores among different factors were compared. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of technology overload，empowering leadership and job burnout of emergency department nurses. A structural equation model was established using AMOS 24.0 software to analyze the mediating role of empowering leadership in technology overload and job burnout. Results The scores of technical overload，empowering leadership and job burnout of emergency department nurses were （30.48±6.74），（35.76±7.12） and （61.16±10.64）points，respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of technical overload，empowering leadership and job burnout among emergency department nurses with different age，nursing working hours，professional and technical level，marital status and average monthly income among emergency department nurses（all P<0.05）. Age ≥40 years，nursing working hours ≥10 years，junior professional and technical level，married（divorced） marital status and average monthly income <15 000 yuan were independent risk factors for technical overload，empowering leadership and job burnout of emergency department nurses（all P<0.05）. The technical overload of emergency department nurses was positively correlated with the job burnout score（r=0.574，P<0.01），and negatively correlated with empowering leadership（r=-0.486，P<0.01）. The empowering leadership was negatively correlated with the job burnout score（r=-0.469，P<0.01）. The empowering leadership played a partial mediating role between technical overload and job burnout，with a mediating effect value of 0.270，accounting for 35.90% of the total effect. Conclusion The empowering leadership played a partial mediating role between the technical overload and job burnout of emergency department nurses. Improving the empowering leadership level of emergency department nurses and reducing the technical overload level are conducive to reducing the level of job burnout.

Impact of work-family value consistency and work-family conflict on occupational burnout among general surgery nurses

JIANG Lu, YUAN Yahong, DI Di, SHEN Ruting

2026, 42(14):  1904-1908. 

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Objective To explore the effect of work-family value consistency on job burnout in general surgery nurses，and to study the mediating role of work-family conflict between work-family value consistency and job burnout. Methods From August to September 2024，nurses from the general surgery departments of 11 grade-A tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu Province were randomly selected as the survey subjects. The work-family value consistency scale，work-family conflict scale and job burnout scale were used for investigation，and the data were analyzed. Results The work-family value consistency score of general surgery nurses was （14.35±3.12）points，the work-family conflict score was （60.42±12.51）points，and the job burnout score was （62.86±11.32）points. There were statistically significant differences in job burnout scores among different age，professional title，years of work experience，average monthly income，average number of nights per month，and marital status（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in work-family value consistency scores and work-family conflict scores among different age，professional title，years of work，average monthly income，and average number of nights per month（all P<0.05）. The job burnout of general surgery nurses was negatively correlated with the work-family value consistency（r=-0.586，P<0.01），and positively correlated with work-family conflict（r=0.625，P<0.01）.The work-family value consistency was negatively correlated with work-family conflict（r=-0.639，P<0.01）.The work-family value consistency of general surgery nurses could directly predict job burnout，and could also indirectly predict job burnout through work-family conflict，with an indirect effect value of -0.288，accounting for 41.14% of the total effect. Conclusion General surgery nurses with higher work-family values consistency have lower work-family conflict and burnout levels. Work-family values consistency of general surgery nurses can affect burnout directly or through the mediating effect of work-family conflict.

Analysis on radiation level of non-medical radiation places in Xi'an City from 2022 to 2024

JIANG Lihong, ZHENG Sujin, SUN Leihuan, WU Wenjing, GUO Cancan, ZHANG Bin

2026, 42(14):  1909-1912. 

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Objective To understand the current situation of nuclear technology application and radiation protection in non-medical institutions（excluding confidential enterprises and pet hospitals） in Xi'an City，provide data support and theoretical basis for the relevant departments to formulate supervision plans and implementation standards. Methods A stratified sampling method was used to extract some radioactive workplaces in six main categories of nuclear technology application projects in Xi'an City from 2022 to 2024，such as accelerators，industrial flaw detection，baggage inspection instruments，nuclear instruments，unsealed source places，and sealed source logging. The protective testing was carried out according to corresponding standards，and the data were analyzed. Results The non-medical institutions using nuclear technology in Xi'an City were on the rise from 2022 to 2024. The industrial flaw detection was the main non-medical application item in this area. The radiation level in non-medical radiation workplaces in Xi'an City in the past three years did exceed the dose limit specified by the relevant standards. The radiation level in industrial radiographic inspection workplaces was the highest，which was （2.14±8.41）μSv/h，while the radiation level in accelerator workplaces was the lowest，which was （0.18±0.12）μSv/h. There was statistically significant difference in detection results among different survey items（H=37.658，P<0.05）. Conclusions The radiation level in non-medical radiation workplaces of Xi'an City is generally at a low level under normal operation，but some points（such as the entrances and exits of baggage inspection equipment，mobile flaw detection site，and the outer surface of the source container） are higher than the average level. Therefore，the relevant units and competent departments need to enhance their awareness of protection，strengthen the management of radiation sources，and pay attention to the occupational health management of radiation workers.

Wide-range urinary iodine analysis method for fully automatic iodine analyzer

QIN Fangfang, CHEN Siyi, HUANG Yantao, FAN Yunyan

2026, 42(14):  1913-1917. 

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Objective To establish a wide-range detection method for urinary iodine using an automatic iodine analyzer，screen suitable parameters，and verify the reliability of the results for iodine content determination in urine. Methods The iodine content in urine within the range of 0-600 μg/L was detected using an automatic iodine analyzer.Through screening experimental parameters and verification，the characteristic parameters of the method were confirmed，and the new method was compared with the industry standard method. Results The linear range of this method was 0-600 μg/L，with a correlation coefficient r of 0.999 9-1.000 0，showing a good linear relationship. The detection limit was 1.89 μg/L，the recovery rates of low，medium，and high concentrations were 97.66%-102.84%，93.75%-99.76%，and 96.19%-102.21%，respectively. The coefficient of variation of precision for low，medium，and high concentration samples was 2.88%，2.15%，and 0.34% respectively，meeting the requirements of methodological evaluation.The new method and the industry standard method were used to simultaneously detect 25 urine samples，and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the results（t=0.640，P>0.05）. Conclusion The wide-range detection method established for the automatic iodine analyzer has a linear range of 0-600 μg/L，which is wider than the 0-300 μg/L linear range of the industry standard method. This method reduces the rate of retesting，uses relatively less reagents，and achieves automation of samples，reagents，and detection，significantly improving the detection efficiency，and is suitable for large-scale urine iodine sample detection.

Analysis of targeted next-generation sequencing results of nasopharyngeal swabs from 40 children patients of suspected pertussis in a certain district of Beijing

LIU Yuwei, JI Xiaowen, WANG Yuanyuan, LI Ying, PENG Tao, ZHANG Yanchun

2026, 42(14):  1918-1923. 

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Objective To investigate the respiratory pathogen spectrum in patients with suspected pertussis using targeted next-generation sequencing（tNGS）. Methods Nasopharyngeal swabs and serum samples were collected from children patients with suspected pertussis in a district of Beijing from September to November 2023. Real-time polymerase chainreaction（PCR），bacterial culture of Bordetella pertussis，and tNGS were performed in nasopharyngeal swabs samples，and pertussis toxin IgG was performed in serum samples. The respiratory pathogen spectrum was analyzed based on tNGS results. Results A total of 40 nasopharyngeal swab and 40 serum samples from 40 patients of suspected pertussis were collected. The confirmed positive diagnosis rate of pertussis was 80.00%（32/40）. 22 patients could be diagnosed by pathogen-detecting methods（real-time PCR method or B. pertussis culture），while 21 patients could be diagnosed by serological testing methods. 17 patients were positive for B. pertussis targets by tNGS，and all being real-time PCR method positive patients. Pathogens number detected per sample ranged from 1 to 5 by tNGS，with B. pertussis targets ranking first or second in the number of multiple pathogen targets detected per sample. In 88.24%（15/17） of patients，two or more pathogens were detected，with haemophilusinfluenzae，staphylococcus aureus，streptococcus pneumoniae，and rhinovirus being the dominant types of pathogens. There was a positive correlation between the target concentration obtained from real-time PCR in 17 cases and the number of target reads obtained from tNGS. Conclusion NGS shows certain advantages in molecular quantitative identification during the early stages of pertussis patients and in recognizing multiple respiratory pathogens，and attention should be given to the study of mixed infections in pertussis patients.

Protective effect of flavones from vitis vinifera L on motor behavior disorders induced by rotenone in mice

SUN Wei, JIANG Apei

2026, 42(14):  1924-1929. 

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Objective To explore the protective effect and mechanism of flavones from vitis vinifera L（VTF） on motor behavior disorders in mice induced by rotenone. Method Totally 40 C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into four groups，with 10 mice in each group：control（Con） group，Rot group，Rot+VTF group，and VTF group. Rot group：rotenone was injected intraperitoneally for 3 consecutive weeks at a dose of 1.5 mg/（kg·d）. Rot+VTF group：mice were gavaged with VTF at a dose of 420 mg/（kg·d） first，and then injected with rotenone at a dose of 1.5 mg/（kg·d） after 1 hour. VTF group：VTF was administered by gavage at 420 mg/（kg·d）. The Con group：mice were injected with equal amounts of solvent. After 3 weeks，the motor behavior ability of mice was detected through suspension experiments，pole climbing experiments，and gait detection. The damage of dopaminergic neurons in mice were detected through immunohistochemical staining. Western blot and q-RTPCR were used to detect the microglia activation and M1 polarization levels in the midbrain. Results Compared with the Con group，the suspension test scores of mice in the Rot group decreased and the pole climbing test time was prolonged. Compared with the Rot group，the Rot+VTF group showed an increase in suspension test scores and a decrease in pole climbing test time，with statistically significant differences（all P<0.05）. The gait detection results showed that compared with the Con group，the stride length of the Rot group mice was shortened and the stride distance was increased. Compared with the Rot group，the mice in the Rot+VTF group showed an increase in stride length and a decrease in stride distance，with statistically significant differences（all P<0.05）. The immunohistochemical staining results showed that compared with the Con group，the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive dopaminergic neurons（TH+ cells） in the Rot group mice was significantly reduced，and the ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule1（IBA1） optical density value was increased in the midbrain. Compared with the Rot group，the number of TH+ cells increased and the IBA1 optical density value decreased in the Rot+VTF group，with statistically significant differences（all P<0.05）. The results of Western blot and q-RTPCR detection showed that compared with the Con group，the expression levels of IBA1，inducible nitric oxide synthase（iNOS），tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α），interleukin（IL）-1β and IL-6 in the midbrain of mice in the Rot group were increased. Compared with the Rot group，the expression levels of IBA1，iNOS，TNF-α，IL-1β and IL-6 in Rot+VTF group were decreased，with statistically significant differences（all P<0.05）. Conclusion VTF may alleviate the damage to dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain of mice induced by rotenone by inhibiting the microglia activation and M1 polarization-mediated inflammatory response，thereby improving dyskinesia in mice.

Pathogenic and molecular characteristics analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae in respiratory syndrome in Chengde City in 2024

ZHANG Cong, GAO Jie, DIAO Danhong, GUO Yujia, AI Xin

2026, 42(14):  1930-1934. 

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Objective To understand the serotype，multilocus sequence typing（MLST） typing，drug resistance and virulence gene carriage of Klebsiella pneumoniae in respiratory syndrome in Chengde City in 2024，so as to provide a reference for the prevention，control，and treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Chengde City. Methods A total of 166 respiratory syndrome specimens were collected from Chengde Medical University Affiliated Hospital，Chengde Central Hospital，Chengde Maternal and Child Health Hospital and Chengde County Hospital in 2024. Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated，cultured and identified. The serotype of the isolated pure bacteria was determined by polymerase chain reaction（PCR），the drug resistance phenotype was determined by drug sensitivity test，the MLST typing and the carriage of drug resistance genes and virulence genes were determined by whole genome sequencing. Results The isolation rate of Klebsiella pneumoniaein respiratory syndrome in Chengde in 2024 was 4.8%. A total of 8 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated in this study，among which 4 strains（50%） were K1 serotype，and the other 4 strains were other serotypes. A total of 7 sequence type（ST） types were detected（11，6 908，1 266，23，4 081，152，116），and ST11 was the relatively dominant type. A total of 11 drug resistance genes were carried，among which the carriage rate of sulbactam-hydrolyzing gene 11（SHV-11） was the highest（75%）. It was worth noting that 2 strains carried the Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase gene 2（KPC-2） gene. The drug sensitivity test showed that the resistance rate to ampicillin（62.5%） was the highest，followed by cefotaxime，ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin. All were sensitive to polymyxin E，ceftazidime/avibactam and tigecycline. The carriage rate of the Yersiniabactin（ybt）iron carrier gene was the highest（62.5%），and strain No. 4 carried all 4 detected virulence genes simultaneously，namely regulator of mucoidy protein A2（rmpA2），ybt，Aerobactin，Salmochelin. Conclusion The detection rate and drug resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae in respiratory syndrome in Chengde in 2024 are relatively low，but there are diverse ST types and drug resistance genes and virulence genes that are easy to spread. In the future monitoring process，more attention should be paid to Klebsiella pneumoniae，while continuing to strengthen the monitoring of rational use of antibiotics and hospital infection control work，in order to reduce the generation and clonal spread of drug-resistant and highly virulent strains，and avoid the outbreak and spread of large-scale epidemics.

Treatise—Food Safety and Nutrition

Survey on food consumption and nutritional knowledge awareness among students in some universities in Yangzhou in 2023

GUO Juan, FENG Shuang, YANG Liu, HUANG Jing, ZHU Yueqian

2026, 42(14):  1935-1940. 

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Objective To understand the food consumption and nutrition knowledge mastery of some college students in Yangzhou in 2023，and provide scientific basis for guiding college students to establish a balanced diet model. Methods A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to select survey subjects. The food frequency method was used to collect their frequency of consumption of various foods from January 1 to December 31，2023，and the questionnaire method was used to collect their knowledge of nutrition. Results The average daily consumption of grains，animal based foods，and nuts by college students in Yangzhou in 2023 were 518.46，410.81，and 22.73 g，all of which were higher than the recommended intake of the 2022 Chinese Dietary Guidelines for Residents and higher than the average daily intake per person for residents aged 18-59 in China from 2015 to 2017. Among them，the intake of boys was significantly higher than that of girls（P<0.05）. The average daily consumption of potatoes and fruits was 28.91 and 180.86 g，with boys having lower intake than girls. The average daily consumption of sugary drinks，biscuit cakes，preserved fruit，pickles，salted duck egg，and fried food were 239.29 mL，99.22 g，28.50 g，9.82 g，7.56 g，and 72.02 g. The average awareness rate of dietary nutrition knowledge was 50.48%. Conclusion College students in Yangzhou have an unreasonable dietary structure，with excessive intake of grains，livestock and poultry meat，insufficient intake of potatoes and fruits，and a high intake of sugary，high salt，and fried foods. The mastery of dietary nutrition knowledge is relatively low，and male students have relatively poor understanding of the rationality of dietary structure and the mastery of dietary nutrition knowledge. Relevant departments need to take targeted improvement measures.

Treatise—Epidemiology and Preventive Health Care

Mediating role of digital health technology literacy in relationship between social support and mental health of in-service hospital employees

SUN Hong, YAN Tinghua, MOU Xiaodong, WANG Jun, YU Shuangmei

2026, 42(14):  1941-1945. 

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Objective To understand the mental health status of hospital employees and explore the mediating role of digital health technology literacy between social support and mental health. Methods From September to October 2023，a cluster sampling method was used to select 1 175 in-service employees in Affiliated Nanjing Hospital of Nanjing Medical University as survey subjects. The survey was conducted using the general situation scale，digital health technology literacy scale，social support scale，9-item patient health questionnaire depression scale，and 7-item generalized anxiety disorder scale，and the data were analyzed. Results The depression score of hospital employees was （5.25±1.12）points，with a total of 483 cases of mild depression or above. The anxiety score of hospital employees was （4.48±1.06）points，with a total of 386 cases of mild anxiety or above. The social support score for hospital employees was （34.28±5.82）points，and the digital health technology literacy score was （71.68±12.46）points. There were statistically significant differences in digital health technology literacy scores among hospital employees of different gender，age，years of service，and professional title（all P<0.01）.There were statistically significant differences in social support scores among hospital employees of different gender，age，years of service,professional title，and marital status（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in depression and anxiety scores among hospital employees of different gender，age，years of service，professional title，and marital status（all P<0.01）. The digital health technology literacy of hospital employees was negatively correlated with depression（r=-0.544，P<0.01） and anxiety（r=-0.572，P<0.01）. There was a positive correlation between social support and digital health technology literacy（r=0.312，P<0.01）. The digital health technology literacy partially mediated the relationship between social support，depression，and anxiety among hospital employees，with mediation effects of -0.263 and -0.227，accounting for 44.73% and 41.42% of the total effect. Conclusion The digital health technology literacy plays a partial mediating role between social support，anxiety，and depression among hospital employees，and the hospital managers can improve the level of digital health technology literacy among employees by strengthening digital health technology training，thereby improving their mental health status.

Effect evaluation of comprehensive convalescent mode on health promotion for occupational population working on plateau in a organization of Qingdao City

LIU Yawei, ZHAO Lu

2026, 42(14):  1946-1951. 

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Objective To evaluate the health promotion effect of the comprehensive convalescent mode for occupational population working on plateau in a organization in Qingdao City，provide reference for the convalescent mode for occupational population working on plateau. Methods A total of 240 occupational people on plateau from June 2023 to October 2024 were selected as the study subjects and randomized into a study group（n=120） and a control group（n=120） using a random number table method. The control group received conventional convalescent mode，while the study group received a comprehensive convalescent mode on the basis of the conventional one. Both groups underwent a three-month recuperation period. The variations of biochemical indexes [oxygen saturation（SpO₂），blood lipids and myocardial enzymes]，psychological indexes[self-rating anxiety scale（SAS），self-rating depression scale（SDS） and symptom check-list 90（SCL-90）] and other physical symptoms（dizziness，nausea，insomnia，palpitation and dyspnea） were observed before and after convalescence for both groups. Results After recuperation，the SpO₂ in control group increased compared with that before recuperation[（96.58±1.93）% vs（90.42%±2.72）%]，the lactate dehydrogenase（LDH）[（196.23±18.52）U/L vs（202.77±16.84）U/L）] and α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase（α-HBDH）[（120.26±13.35）U/L vs （124.06±13.27）U/L] decreased，with statistically significant differences（t=20.233，2.862，2.211，all P<0.05）. After recuperation，the SpO₂ in study group increased compared with that before recuperation（97.86%±1.41% vs 90.34%±2.66%），LDH[（181.12±21.81）U/L vs （204.31±17.21）U/L]，α-HBDH[（110.47±8.36）U/L vs （123.49±13.15）U/L]，SAS[（42.13±8.09）points vs（54.13±9.23）points]，SDS[（46.99±7.63）points vs （56.43±9.49）points] and SCL-90[（98.52±24.91）points vs （142.24±30.33）points] decreased，along with a reduction in the occurrence of other physical symptoms（18 cases vs 76 cases），with statistically significant differences（t=27.362，9.144，9.153，10.710，8.492，12.203，χ²=10.389，all P<0.05）. All these improvements were superior to those in the control group after recuperation[SpO₂：（97.86±1.41）% vs （96.58±1.93）%，LDH：（181.12±21.81）U/L vs（196.23±18.52）U/L，α-HBDH：（110.47±8.36）U/L vs（120.26±13.35）U/L，SAS：（42.13±8.09）points vs（51.58±10.07）points，SDS：（46.99±7.63）points vs （55.03±10.00）points，SCL-90：（98.52±24.91）points vs（135.72±31.21）points，other physical symptoms：（18 cases vs 53 cases）]，with statistically significant differences（t=5.866，5.785，6.808，8.014，7.002，10.205，χ²=16.585，all P<0.05）. Conclusion The comprehensive convalescent mode of a organization in Qingdao has a significant effect on the health promotion of the plateau working occupational population.

Analysis of the influencing factors of depressive symptoms among rural elderly people in Shandong Province based on the random forest algorithm

DING Ran, LIU Xiaoyu, LENG Minmin, YANG Lijuan, ZHANG Aihua

2026, 42(14):  1952-1958. 

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Objective To analyze the current situation and influencing factors of depressive symptoms among rural elderly people in Shandong Province based on the random forest algorithm，aiming to provide a basis for preventing and controlling the occurrence of depressive symptoms in the elderly. Methods Convenience sampling was used to select 5 136 rural elderly people in Shandong Province from April to June 2024，and the patient health questionnaire was used to screen for depressive symptoms.The random forest algorithm was used to screen and rank the influencing factors of depressive symptoms，and multi-factor Logistic regression was used to analyze these influencing factors. Results The score of depressive symptoms[M（P₂₅，P₇₅）] among 5 136 rural elderly people was 1.00（0.00，4.00）points，and the overall detection rate was 19.5%.The random forest algorithm showed that sleep quality，self-rated health status，and medical payment method were the top three variables in terms of importance. The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that age≥80 years（OR=0.740，95%CI：0.556-0.985），monthly income of 1 000-<3 500 yuan（OR=0.704，95%CI：0.525-0.945），monthly income ≥3 500 yuan（OR=0.555，95%CI：0.341-0.903），medical payment method being resident medical insurance（OR=0.477，95%CI：0.351-0.649），alcohol consumption（OR=0.757，95%CI：0.600-0.954），good sleep quality（OR=0.190，95%CI：0.160-0.225），moderate social support level（OR=0.319，95%CI：0.170-0.601），and high social support level（OR=0.276，95%CI：0.144-0.529） were protective factors for depressive symptoms in the elderly（all P<0.05）. ≥4 types of medication（OR=1.527，95%CI：1.147-2.033），3-6 types of chronic diseases（OR=1.709，95%CI：1.176-2.483），≥7 types of chronic diseases（OR=2.022，95%CI：1.245-3.283），decreased vision（OR=1.492，95%CI=1.261-1.765），self-rated general health status（OR=3.875，95%CI：2.916-5.151） and self-rated poor health status（OR=5.295，95%CI：2.55-10.985），decreased ability in daily living activities（OR=1.894，95%CI：1.380-2.599），and decline in cognitive function（OR=1.371，95%CI：1.121-1.678） were risk factors for depressive symptoms in the elderly（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The incidence of depressive symptoms among the elderly in rural areas in Shandong Province is relatively high，and there are many influencing factors，including age，monthly income，medical payment method，types of medication，alcohol consumption，number of chronic diseases，vision，self-rated health status，cognitive function，sleep quality，activities of daily living，and social support level.Effective intervention measures should be jointly taken at all levels and targeted at key populations to reduce the occurrence of depressive symptoms among rural elderly people in Shandong.

Analysis of parents' cognition of HPV and factors influencing HPV vaccination decisions among female children aged 9 to 14 in Tianjin

YU Shuang, LI Yufeng, PAN Honglei, CHANG Limin, LI Yankun, DING Yaxing

2026, 42(14):  1959-1963. 

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Objective To understand the current status and related influencing factors of parents' knowledge about human papilloma virus（HPV） and HPV vaccines，as well as the HPV vaccination status of schoolgirls aged 9-14 in Tianjin，and to provide a theoretical basis for formulating relevant intervention measures. Methods A multi-stage sampling method was used to select mothers or fathers with independent behavioral capabilities of schoolgirls aged 9-14 in Tianjin as survey respondents. A self-designed questionnaire was conducted online through Wenjuanxing，and the data were analyzed. Results The overall awareness rates of parents regarding HPV-related knowledge，vaccine knowledge，and general knowledge were 49.79%，69.50%，and 55.15%，respectively. Parents aged 30-<40（OR=1.907，95%CI：1.348-2.697） and 40-<50（OR=1.427，95%CI：1.007-2.023），as well as those with a profession of doctor（OR=4.636，95%CI：2.698-7.967），had higher levels of knowledge. Parents who were fathers（OR=0.329，95%CI：0.265-0.408），had educational backgrounds of junior high school or below（OR=0.261，95%CI：0.169-0.401），and high school/vocational education（OR=0.393，95%CI：0.257-0.600），with incomes of 2-<50 000 yuan（OR=0.673，95%CI：0.560-0.809），and 0-<20 000 yuan（OR=0.470，95%CI：0.379-0.583），had lower levels of knowledge. The vaccination rate among schoolgirls aged 9-14 in Tianjin was 2.79%. In the group of girls aged 12 to 14（OR=2.086，95%CI：1.430-3.042），those with an income of 0-<20 000 yuan（OR=2.574，95%CI：1.409-4.704） exhibited a higher vaccination rate，while those residing in urban areas（OR=0.578，95%CI：0.375-0.890） had a lower vaccination rate. Conclusion Parents of girls aged 9 to 14 in Tianjin have poor knowledge regarding HPV and HPV vaccines，and the surveyed vaccination rate among girls is extremely low. Health departments and schools should strengthen health education for key populations and focus on key content through multiple methods and channels to enhance awareness and subsequently increase vaccination rates.

Analysis of epidemic characteristics of influenza in Tongren City from 2013 to 2023

YANG Xiaoting, LI Jianhua, ZHANG Junli, YAN Xiaoxu, LUO Jin

2026, 42(14):  1964-1968. 

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Objective To analyze the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of influenza in Tongren City based on the surveillance data and information of influenza in Tongren from 2013 to 2023，summarize the epidemic regular of influenza in Tongren，and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of influenza. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic characteristics of influenza in Tongren from 2013 to 2023. Results A total of 69 878 influenza like illness（ILI） were reported in Tongren from 2013 to 2023，the ILI% was 4.78%.The epidemic trend was general prevalence throughout the year，with no obvious seasonality，and occasional peak in summer，and the overall pattern fluctuated in waves.There was a statistically significant difference in ILI% in different years（χ²=37 255.922，P<0.01），and there was a statistically significant difference in ILI composition among different age groups（χ²=15 258.087，P<0.01）. From 2013 to 2023，a total of 13 420 samples were tested for nucleic acid，of which 1 918 were positive，with a positive detection rate of 14.29%，and there were statistically significant differences in the positive rate of influenza virus among different years，age groups，and months（χ²=333.566，737.266， 647.154，all P<0.01）. Influenza A and B viruses were mainly co-epidemic，seasonal influenza H3 subtype and new H1N1 were prevalent in influenza A，and Victoria was the main type of influenza B. The number of positive influenza nucleic acid in 5-<15 years old group was the highest（35.92%），followed by 15-<25 years old group（24.45%）. According to the monthly distribution of influenza cases，the epidemic level was higher from November to July of the following year，and the peak was concentrated from December to April of the following year. There was no statistically significant difference in the positive rate of influenza virus nucleic acid testing between males and females（P>0.05）. Conclusion In view of the epidemic situation of influenza in Tongren City，the prevention and control measures such as influenza early warning and prediction should be taken before the influenza epidemic，encouraging people to take 4-valent influenza vaccine，and positive non-drug intervention measures can also be taken to reduce the level of influenza activity.

Treatise—Environment and Health

Health risk assessment of Legionnaires' disease from cooling towers of central air conditioning systems in star-rated hotels and secondary and tertiary hospitals in a certain District of Beijing from 2018 to 2024

ZHANG Haixia, MA Jianxin, LI Wenjing, SUN Xiaobing

2026, 42(14):  1969-1974. 

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Objective To investigate health risk of Legionnaires' disease from cooling towers of central air conditioning ventilation systems in star-rated hotels and secondary and tertiary hospitals in a certain District of Beijing from 2018 to 2024. Methods From May to September each year from 2018 to 2024，on-site inspections were conducted on the operational cooling towers within central air conditioning systems of 20 star-rated hotels and 26 secondary and tertiary hospitals，a questionnaire survey about usage status and management practices was conducted at the same time.The cooling water were collected from on single or group of cooling towers at each facility and analyzed for Legionella pneumophila，turbidity，and free chlorine residual. The health risk assessment of Legionnaires' disease in each unit's cooling tower was evaluated by using a cooling tower Legionnaires' disease health risk index model to calculate the cooling tower Legionnaires' disease health risk index. Results The detection rates of Legionella pneumophila in cooling water from hotels and hospitals were 26.32% and 9.09%，respectively，with a statistically significant difference（χ²=4.273，P<0.05）.The cooling tower water condition was primarily assessed as low risk，accounting for 70.0% of cases in star-rated hotels and assessed as medium risk，accounting for 53.8% of cases in hospitals.95.0% of hotel cooling towers and 61.5% of hospital cooling towers were assessed as high risk，due to absence of drift eliminators of cooling tower.There was no statistically significant difference in the average risk index for Legionella proliferation between hotels（15.96） and hospitals（16.14）（t=-0.105，P>0.05）. Legionella-containing aerosol transmission risk indexs and population infection risk indexs of cooling towers were statistically significant differences between hotels and hospitals（t=2.126，Z=-5.923，both P<0.05）. The average health risk index of Legionnaires' disease in hotels and hospitals were 50.52 and 60.84，respectively，with a statistically significant difference （t=-3.204，P<0.05）. Conclusion Both star-rated hotels and secondary and tertiary hospitals face certain health risks of Legionnaires' disease associated with their cooling towers.Engineering managers for hotels and hospitals need to conduct regular maintenance，cleaning，disinfection，and testing of the cooling towers.Additionally，drift eliminators should be installed to reduce the diffusion of aerosols into the environment，in order to effectively control the proliferation of Legionella bacteria in the cooling water of the central air conditioning cooling tower and reduce the risk of transmission via bacteria-containing aerosols.

Analysis of monitoring results of heat，ventilation，and air conditioning systems in public places in Beijing from 2015 to 2023

HE Liwei, JIA Yuping, CAO Wenjing, DU Chenlei, YAO Xiaohui, ZHAO Rui

2026, 42(14):  1975-1979. 

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Objective To investigate the sanitary condition of heating，ventilation，and air conditioning（HVAC） systems in public places in Beijing，including the fresh air volume，supply air quality，the sanitary status of system components，and Legionella pneumophila contamination. The influencing factors were also analyzed to provide data support and a scientific basis for enhancing the sanitary management of HVAC systems in public places. Methods The monitoring data of total bacterial count（TBC），total fungal count（TFC），β-hemolytic streptococcus（BHS） and inhalable particles（PM₁₀） in the supply air，TBC，TFC，and dust accumulation on the surface of the air condition parts，Legionella pneumophila in cooling/condensate water and fresh air volume rate per person of HVAC systems in public places in Beijing from 2015 to 2023 was summarized and analyzed. Results The overall qualification rate of HVAC systems in public places in Beijing remained stable from 2015 to 2023，with an overall qualification rate of 92.83%（23 564/25 385）. The qualification rate in urban and non-urban areas was 93.30% and 92.09%，respectively，with urban areas having a higher qualification rate than non-urban areas（χ²=13.323，P<0.05）. The qualification rates of hospital waiting room，accommodation，shopping center and other places were 89.76%，93.49%，95.41% and 97.24%，respectively，showing a statistically significant difference（χ²=279.030，P<0.05）. The qualification rates of TBC，TFC in air supply and fresh air volume rate per person were 72.29%，82.34% and 85.69%，respectively，while qualification rates for other indicators exceeded 90%. The qualification rates of TBC，TFC，BHS and PM₁₀ in the supply air of air handling unit（AHU） systems were higher than those of fan-coil unit（FCU） with fresh air systems（χ²=62.319，35.858，7.483，7.755，all P<0.05）. Conclusion The overall qualification rate of HVAC systems in public places in Beijing was at a high level from 2015 to 2023. However，it is still necessary to pay attention to the quality of air supply and enhance management.

Treatise—School Health

Relationship between family cohesion and learning engagement，and the mediating role of perceived social support

LI Qian, GUO Zhihui, YIN Ziyan

2026, 42(14):  1980-1984. 

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Objective To explore the relationship between family cohesion and learning engagement among junior high school students at a junior high school in Baoji City，as well as the mediating role of perceived social support，in order to provide references for improving students' learning engagement. Methods In September 2024，a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on the learning engagement scale，family cohesion scale，and perceived social support scale among junior high school students in a junior high school in Baoji City，and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of family cohesion，learning engagement and perceived social support among 464 junior high school students in Baoji City was （64.65±12.58），（66.71±22.85） and （60.09±14.60）points，respectively. There was a positive correlation between family cohesion and learning engagement among junior high school students（r=0.431，P<0.05），and a positive correlation with perceived social support（r=0.615，P<0.05）. There was a positive correlation between learning engagement and perceived social support among junior high school students（r=0.409，P<0.05）.Perceived social support partially mediated the relationship between family cohesion and learning engagement（β=0.525，t=5.533，P<0.01），and the mediating effect was significant，accounting for 33.16% of the total effect. Conclusion Family cohesion of junior high school students in a certain junior high school in Baoji City positively predicts their learning engagement，with perceived social support partially mediating the role. Therefore，boosting both family cohesion and perceived support can help promote the learning engagement level of junior high school students.

Health Management and Research

Analysis and evaluation of equipment configuration of grassroots infectious disease emergency teams in Tianjin

XIAO Hui, ZHANG Shuo, WEI Zhixia, XIE Xiaohua, ZHANG Ying

2026, 42(14):  1985-1989. 

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Objective To systematically assess the equipment configuration status of grassroots infectious disease emergency teams across all 16 districts of Tianjin Municipality，identify key deficiencies，and promote the standardization，practicality，and balanced distribution of equipment. This aims to narrow the capability gaps among regions and enhance the overall quality and efficiency of the city's grassroots emergency response. Methods Based on the "Guidelines for the Construction of Municipal and County-Level Grassroots Infectious Disease Emergency Teams（2023 Edition）" issued by the National Disease Control and Prevention Administration， a three-level evaluation index system was established，focusing on completeness（60%），standardization（30%），and timeliness（10%）. A full-coverage on-site inspection and sample verification of materials were conducted on all 16 emergency teams in Tianjin in June 2025. The inspection covered 3 major categories and 106 types of equipment，evaluated across four dimensions：quantity，specifications，labeling，and expiration date validity. Results The coverage rate was highest for team identification and labeling equipment（96.18%） and lowest for specialized operational equipment（91.51%）. In the outer suburban districts（Ninghe，Jizhou，Jinghai，Wuqing and Baodi），the average coverage rates for the three equipment categories were only 79.10%，79.10%，89.55%，88.06%，and 88.06%，respectively. The citywide average qualification rate for equipment expiration dates was 64.16%. Conclusion The grassroots emergency teams in Tianjin face three major issues：structural shortages of professional equipment，severe imbalance in configuration favoring outer suburban districts，and inefficient management of material expiration dates. Recommendations include optimizing equipment allocation，strengthening standardization and information-based management，enhancing governmental financial support and social donation channels to promote the long-term stable development of the public health emergency response system.

Research on the construction of an evaluation index system for medical emergency support capacity in major events based on the Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process

TIAN Kai, LI Lianchong, JIN Xin, LIU Xianduo, SHAO Linjing

2026, 42(14):  1990-1996. 

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Objective To establish a scientific，accurate and effective evaluation index system for medical-emergency support capacity during major events，so as to provide a reference for rationally assessing and improving the capacity of relevant medical institutions in Tianjin，and for comprehensively promoting the high-quality development of medical-emergency support in the city. Methods On the basis of literature retrieval and analysis，expert interviews and theoretical research，a draft evaluation index system for medical-emergency support capacity in major events was preliminarily formulated. The Delphi method and the analytic hierarchy process（AHP） were applied to finalize the index system and calculate the weights. Results The two rounds of expert consultation showed high positive response，authority coefficient and coordination of opinions. The final evaluation index system for medical-emergency support capacity during major events comprised 7 first-level indicators，including organization management，team management，material management，financial management，mission management，in-hospital treatment-support management and satisfaction management，23 second-level indicators，such as establishment of organizational system，establishment of medical expert database，creation and updating of material ledgers，etc.，and 53 third-level indicators，such as clarifying management rules，personnel responsibilities and work procedures; forming large-，medium- and small-scale professional medical-emergency support teams under the principle of "combining peacetime with emergency，full-time with part-time"; timely equipping and updating necessary instruments，medicines and consumables for the teams，etc.. Conclusion The constructed evaluation index system is well-structured and reasonably weighted，with high reliability，and can serve as an effective tool for assessing，managing and decision-making regarding medical-emergency support capacity in major events.

Overview

Research progress on influencing factors and intervention measures of the professional quality of life among nurses

LYU Yue, SUN Ying, ZHAO Nuo

2026, 42(14):  1997-2001. 

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The professional quality of life among nurses refers to the quality of life obtained by nurses in the process of providing nursing services. It is a key indicator for evaluating the professional mental health of nurses and includes three core dimensions：empathy satisfaction，burnout，and secondary traumatic stress. This article reviews the professional quality of life of nurses from four perspectives：related concepts，current domestic and international situations，influencing factors，and intervention strategies，in order to provide reference for improving the physical and mental health of nurses，enhancing professional quality of life，stabilizing the nursing team，and ultimately elevating the overall quality of nursing care.

Research progress on the mechanism and staged diagnosis and treatment of carbon disulfide poisoning with traditional Chinese medicine

HU Jiaxu, MENG Xuejiao, TU Lei

2026, 42(14):  2002-2006. 

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Carbon disulfide（CS₂） poisoning can lead to multiple system damages，including neurological dysfunction，microcirculatory disorders，and oxidative-inflammatory imbalances. Current treatment methods have limitations，and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has shown unique advantages and potential in the prevention and treatment of CS₂ poisoning. This article systematically reviews the application of TCM in the prevention and treatment of CS₂ poisoning，covering strategies such as using calamus and polygala to promote synaptic regeneration，tonifying herbs to improve mitochondrial function，and herbal enemas or nasogastric administration to clear blood toxins，as well as the synergistic effects of vitamin B complex and Danshen injection. Clinical studies and mechanism analysis have confirmed that TCM can effectively reduce poisoning damage by activating the brain-derived neurotrophic factor（BDNF） signaling pathway，regulating oxidative-inflammatory homeostasis，and improving microcirculation at multiple targets. However，the research highlights challenges in translational medicine，such as the complexity of TCM compound components，insufficient evidence-based support，and the lack of standards for integrating TCM and Western medicine. Related research proposes innovative directions，including using systems biology to analyze mechanisms，conducting multicenter clinical trials，leveraging cutting-edge technologies to simulate synergistic effects，and developing personalized treatment plans through big data，aiming to promote deeper application and theoretical development of TCM in the prevention and treatment of CS₂ poisoning.

Research progress on occupational exposure risk and protection of medical staff under the background of emerging biomedical technologies

YAN Heng, ZHANG Qin

2026, 42(14):  2007-2010. 

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Emerging biomedical technologies，as the core driving force for medical progress and the development of health and medical care，have demonstrated revolutionary potential in the fields of disease prevention，diagnosis and treatment.Among them，technologies such as cell therapy and gene therapy have demonstrated significant clinical value in the diagnosis and treatment of difficult diseases.As the core participants in the entire process of technology application，medical staff are involved in multiple key links such as laboratory cell preparation，diagnosis and treatment operations，and sample processing，and are confronted with diversified occupational exposure risks that are different from traditional medical scenarios.This article systematically reviews the relevant research achievements at home and abroad.Starting from the core types of emerging biomedical technologies and the participation links of medical staff，it comprehensively analyzes the characteristics and influencing factors of biological，chemical，physical and psychosocial exposure risks，integrates the core contents and application differences of existing protective measures and guidelines at home and abroad，and summarizes the current research consensus and disputes，clarifies core issues and future research directions，in order to provide evidence-based references for building a scientific and efficient clinical protection system and safeguarding the occupational health of medical staff.

Research advances in the relationship between occupational sedentary behavior，physical activity and fitness

YIN Honggang, GUO Xiaozheng, WANG Dao, WANG Chen

2026, 42(14):  2011-2016. 

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The adverse effects of occupational sedentary behavior（SB） on the fitness of office workers have garnered significant attention. However，existing reviews lack differentiation between occupational and leisure sedentariness，and consensus on physical activity（PA） interventions to mitigate SB-related risks remains elusive. This paper systematically reviews the definitions and classifications of SB，examines the differential health impacts of prolonged sitting durations（6，8，12 hours） on health，and synthesizes evidence of improvement of PA strategies（e.g.，step counts，exercise intensity，sedentary breaks）. Research has found that occupational SB is strongly associated with overweight/obesity（particularly in males），reduced muscle strength，and impaired mental health，while daily steps ≥7 000 or 30 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA significantly reduces all-cause mortality. The current research has problems such as conceptual ambiguity，sampling bias，and insufficient mechanistic exploration. Future research should employ randomized controlled trials to establish precise dose-response relationships between SB patterns and PA，integrating objective monitoring technologies to advance tailored health interventions.