Table of Content

01 July 2023, Volume 39 Issue 13

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Treatise

Analysis on influencing factors of work engagement in nurses from three hospitals in Zhengzhou City based on self-determination theory

DUAN Haoli, CHEN Songge, YI Yinping, TAO Lin

2023, 39(13):  1729-1732. 

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Objective To investigate the impact of satisfying basic psychological needs on work engagement in nurses,provide reference for improving nurses' work engagement. Methods The questionnaire survey was performed on 163 nurses who worked in three grade-A tertiary general hospitals in Zhengzhou City from August 2021 to March 2022 by the general information questionnaire,the basic psychological needs satisfaction scale and the Utrecht work engagement scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The total average score of work engagement in nurses was （53.84±14.02）points,the total average score of basic psychological needs satisfaction was （40.18±8.25）points,and there was a positive correlation between them（r=0.754,P<0.01）. The basic psychological needs satisfaction,job satisfaction and status of children were the influencing factors of nurses' work engagement（all P<0.01）. Conclusions The nurses' work engagement is at a low to medium level,and basic psychological needs satisfaction was at a low level. The nursing managers should pay attention to the basic psychological needs of nurses,and give them full understanding and support,optimize the work content of nurses to maximize their professional value,and further improve the level of work engagement.

Prevention and treatment of amygdalin on bone injury in cadmium-exposed rats and its effect on miR-302b-NF-κB-mTOR signaling pathway

BAI Yang, ZHANG Debing, WANG Shanan, QI Shipeng

2023, 39(13):  1733-1739. 

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Objective To investigate the preventive effect of amygdalin on bone damage in cadmium poisoning rats and its effect on microRNA-302b（miR-302b）-nuclear factor kappa-B（NF-κB）-rapamycin target protein（mTOR） signaling pathway. Methods Totally 100 clean-grade SD rats were divided into the control group,the cadmium exposure model group（30 mg/kg cadmium dichloride）,amygdalin low,medium and high dose groups（50.0,100.0,200.0 mg/kg）. The rats in the cadmium exposure model group,and the low-,middle- and high-dose amygdalin groups were given daily intraperitoneal injection of cadmium dichloride solution for 12 weeks. During this period,the rats in the low-,medium- and high-dose amygdalin groups were given the corresponding doses of amygdalin by gavage every day. The bilateral femoral tissues were obtained after the experiment,to measure the bone density（BMD）,trabecular number,trabecular thickness,trabecular dispersion,and femoral osteocalcin（OC） of the distal femur,as well as the levels of osteopontin（OPN）,osteoprotegerin（OPG）,femoral miR-302b,NF-κB,mTOR. Results Compared with the control group,the femoral BMD,trabecular number,trabecular thickness,femoral OC,OPN,OPG,and miR-302b levels in the cadmium exposure model group were significantly decreased（all P<0.05）,and the trabecular bone dispersion,femoral NF-κB,mTOR mRNA protein levels were significantly increased（all P<0.05）. Compared with the cadmium exposure model group,the femoral BMD[（1.21±0.19） vs （1.38±0.23）（1.55±0.26）（1.61±0.27）g/cm³],trabecular number[（2.36±0.39） vs （3.98±0.67）（4.69±0.78）（5.87±0.94）/mm²],trabecular thickness[（0.04±0.01） vs（0.07±0.01）（0.09±0.02）（0.12±0.02）mm],femoral OC[（328.91±105.85） vs （585.25±184.20）（895.25±298.52）（1 250.21±358.52）moL/mg）],OPN[（589.52±185.54） vs （854.29±258.22）（1 358.96±420.59）（1 852.20±595.20）moL/mg],OPG[（485.63±121.65） vs （741.25±222.69）（1 259.95±489.52）（1 752.63±652.85）moL/mg],miR-302b（0.69±0.11 vs 0.95±0.16,1.29±0.21,1.65±0.26） were significantly increased（all P<0.05）. And the trabecular bone dispersion[（0.68±0.14） vs （0.52±0.11）（0.48±0.09）（0.31±0.07）mm],femoral NF-κB（3.56±0.73 vs 1.37±0.21,2.90±0.41,2.02±0.23,0.95±0.48 vs 0.87±0.14,0.72±0.25,0.43±0.12）,mTOR mRNA protein levels（4.37±0.76 vs 3.52±0.25,2.57±0.65,1.55±0.21,1.02±0.36 vs 0.82±0.47,0.68±0.54,0.38±0.35） were significantly decreased（all P<0.05）. With an increase in the dosage of amygdalin administration,the BMD,trabecular number,trabecular thickness,femoral OC,OPN,OPG,and miR-302b levels in the amygdalin groups gradually increased,while the trabecular bone dispersion,femoral NF-κB,and mTOR mRNA protein levels gradually decreased,with a significant dose response relationship（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The amygdalin can significantly improve the number of trabecular bone structures,increase bone mineral density,and have a significant therapeutic effect on cadmium-exposed bone injury,its mechanism is related to the activation of miR-302b by amygdalin and the inhibition of NF-κB and mTOR expression.

Analysis of occupational stress and its influencing factors among professional and technical staff of occupational health control institutions in Shandong Province

LI Wanru, HU Peishan, ZHANG Zhihu

2023, 39(13):  1740-1743. 

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Objective To understand occupational stress among professional and technical staff of occupational health control institutions in Shandong Province,analyze its influencing factors. Methods From October to November 2021,a convenience sampling method was used to survey 380 occupational health professional and technical personnel in 73 occupational health control institutions in Shandong Province,and they were investigated by the general condition questionnaire,effort-reward imbalance（ERI） inventory and job burnout scale. The occupational stress of occupational health professionals and technicians with different population characteristics was compared,the relationship between occupational stress and job burnout was analyzed by using simple correlation,and the factors affecting occupational stress of occupational health professionals and technicians were analyzed by using logistic regression. Results The ERI index of professional technicians in occupational health prevention and control institutions in Shandong Province was 0.98±0.18,and the detection rate of occupational stress was 47.6%. The univariate result analysis showed that factors such as age,marital status,working years,weekly overtime hours,monthly income level,and stress self-assessment had different degrees of influence on the ERI index（all P<0.05）. The Spearman correlation analysis showed that the the job burnout and stress self-rating score were positively correlated with the ERI index（r=0.32,0.38,both P<0.01）. The logistic regression analysis results showed that,for the risk of high occupational stress,older people were higher than younger people（P<0.05）,those with higher monthly income levels were higher than those with lower levels（P<0.05）,those with longer weekly overtime hours were higher than those with shorter duration（P<0.01）,and those with higher stress self-rating score were higher than those with lower score（P<0.01）. Conclusions The occupational stress is common among occupational health professional and technical staff. The age,monthly income level,weekly overtime hours,and perceived stress level are the main influencing factors of occupational stress,so it is necessary to take relevant measures to intervene in time to avoid or reduce the occurrence of occupational stress among professional and technical staff.

Analysis on characteristics of noise-exposed workers in a automobile manufacturing enterprise in Wuhan City and verification and evaluation on protective effect of hearing protectors

ZHANG Li, HE Peng, GENG Hongbo, XIONG Jiaqi, QIN Zihang

2023, 39(13):  1744-1748. 

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Objective In order to ensure the occupational health of employees and reduce noise hazards,the individual fit testing of hearing protectors was carried out. Methods From August to November of the 2021,three kinds of hearing protectors were selected,and the protective effect was verified of the 501 on-duty employees from 11 departments in a automobile manufacturing enterprise in Wuhan City by the binaural protection verification system,the employee's binaural personal attenuation rating was tested. Results There were many noise-exposed positions in a automobile manufacturing enterprise in Wuhan City,accounting for about 50% of the total positions exposed to occupational hazards. The occupational health examination during the on-the-job period found that more than 150 people had abnormal hearing,accounting for about 4% of the total number of employees,and the age distribution was younger. The average one-time pass rate of 1110 earplug was 64.3% and the average one-time pass rate of all three kinds of earplugs was 31.9%. The training of earplug wearing played positive roles on correcting earplugs wearing and improving personal attenuation rating（PAR） value. A significant difference in PAR value was observed before and after the training. It was found that four employees are not suitable for the currently used 1 110 earplug. Conclusion The employees in a automobile manufacturing enterprise in Wuhan City have limited understanding of earplug protection knowledge,the one-time pass rate of earplug is relatively low,which means that relevant personnel should be trained in wearing methods and necessary education before applying hearing protectors.

Mediating effect of emotional labor on psychological violence and job burnout of outpatient nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals

YANG Maoqiong, ZHANG Hongying, LUO Yanfang

2023, 39(13):  1749-1753. 

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Objective To investigate the status of psychological violence,emotional labor and job burnout among outpatient nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province,analyze the mediating effect of emotional labor in psychological violence and job burnout. Methods Using convenience sampling method,268 outpatient nurses from 12 grade-A tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province were investigated by the general information questionnaire,emotional labor scale,workplace psychological violence scale and job burnout scale from March to May in 2022. Results The scores of emotional labor,workplace psychological violence and job burnout of 268 outpatient nurses from 12 grade-A tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province were （49.54±11.67）,（24.51±8.94） and （67.49±12.84）points,respectively. There was statistically significant differences in the scores of emotional labor,workplace psychological violence and job burnout among outpatient nurses at different age,gender,marital status,contract type,education level,professional title,income level,and weekly overtime（all P<0.05）. The correlation analysis showed that the total score of job burnout was positively correlated with the total score of emotional labor and workplace psychological violence（all P<0.05）,and the total score of emotional labor was positively correlated with the total score of workplace psychological violence（P<0.05）. The mediating effect analysis showed that emotional labor partially mediated the relationship between workplace psychological violence and job burnout,the mediating effect was 0.188,accounting for 26.67 % of the total effect. Conclusion The level of job burnout of outpatient nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals is high,the workplace psychological violence and emotional labor have a direct impact on job burnout,and creating a good working environment to reduce workplace psychological violence and job burnout can effectively improve job burnout of outpatient nurses.

Study on status quo and influencing factors of occupational fatigue of oncology nurses in eight grade-A tertiary hospitals of Sichuan Province

QIN Jing, XIAO Kaimei

2023, 39(13):  1754-1758. 

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Objective To investigate the occupational fatigue status and related influencing factors among oncology nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals. Methods Using the convenience sampling method,a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 253 oncology nurses from eight grade-A tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province from April to June 2022 by the occupational fatigue scale,occupational coping self-efficacy scale and life significance scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The scores of occupational fatigue,occupational coping self-efficacy and sense of meaning of life among 253 oncology nurses from grade-A tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province were （45.13±12.17）,（26.95±8.76） and （32.72±10.28）points,respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the occupational fatigue scores among oncology nurses with different marital status,length of service in oncology department,contract category,average weekly overtime hours,sports status,sleep quality and health status（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the professional coping self-efficacy scores among oncology nurses with different gender,length of service in oncology department,education level,contract category,monthly average number of night shifts,weekly average overtime hours,exercise status,sleep quality and health status（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of sense of life meaning among oncology nurses with different education level,monthly average number of night shifts,weekly average overtime hours,sports status,exercise quality and health status（all P<0.05）. The score of occupational fatigue was positively correlated with professional coping self-efficacy and sense of life meaning（all P<0.05）. The marital status,average overtime per week,sleep quality,health status,occupational coping self-efficacy and sense of meaning of life were the main influencing factors of occupational fatigue in oncology nurses（all P<0.05）,which could explain 40.6% of the total variance of occupational fatigue score. Conclusions The occupational fatigue level of oncology nurses from eight grade-A tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province is high,which is affected by many factors. The nursing managers should take targeted interventions to improve nurses' coping ability and occupational value,and balance work-family relationship to reduce their occupational fatigue and improve work engagement.

Mediating effect of time pressure on job burnout and job characteristics of nurses

BU Xiancui, HUANG Chunling, YANG Xiaoqian

2023, 39(13):  1759-1763. 

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Objective To explore the mediating effect of time pressure on job burnout and job characteristics of nurses. Methods From March to June 2021,236 nurses in various departments of Qinzhou Second People's Hospital were selected by random sampling method. The Demographic characteristics questionnaire,time pressure scale,job characteristics scale and job burnout scale were used for investigation,and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of time pressure in nurses was （31.84±5.45）points,the total score of job burnout was （70.11±14.61）points,and the total score of working characteristics was （106.04±21.32）points. The job characteristics were negatively correlated with job burnout（r=-0.596,P<0.05）,and negatively correlated with time pressure（r=-0.328,P<0.01）. The time pressure was positively correlated with job burnout（r=0.653,P<0.01）. The time pressure of nurses played a part of the mediating effect between job burnout and job characteristics,and,the mediating effect was 0.225,accounting for 39.34% of the total effect. Conclusions The job characteristics have a direct negative impact on job burnout,and the time pressure is a mediating factor between nurses' job characteristics and occupational burnout. Therefore,it is necessary to pay attention to the management of nurses' time pressure and the improvement of job characteristics to reduce their sense of job burnout.

Relationship between psychological distress,job burnout and sleep quality of interventional nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals

WANG Lizhao

2023, 39(13):  1764-1768. 

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Objective To investigate the status of psychological distress,job burnout and sleep quality of interventional nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals,explore the risk factors of sleep quality of interventional nurses. Methods A convenient sampling method was used to investigate 267 nurses in interventional department from 16 grade-A tertiary hospitals in western China from March to April 2022 with psychological distress scale,job burnout scale and Pittsburgh sleep quality index scale（PSQI）,and the data were analyzed. Results The scores of psychological distress,job burnout,and sleep quality index of interventional nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals were （24.37±7.16）,（67.55±10.36） and （7.96±3.1）points,respectively. Among them,62.92% of the nurses had sleep quality index ≥5 points. The univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the scores of psychological distress,job burnout and sleep quality among the interventional department nurses at different age,marital status,professional title and length of service（all P<0.05）. The correlation analysis showed that the total score of sleep quality index and the scores of each dimension of nurses in the intervention department of grade-A tertiary hospitals were positively correlated with the total score of psychological distress and the scores of each dimension,the scores of emotional exhaustion and the scores of depersonalization（all P<0.05）,and negatively correlated with the scores of personal accomplishment（all P<0.05）. The multiple regression analysis showed that psychological distress,emotional exhaustion,depersonalization,personal accomplishment and length of service were the main influencing factors of sleep quality of nurses in interventional department（all P<0.05）. Conclusions The sleep quality problem of nurses in interventional department of grade-A tertiary tertiary hospital is prominent,and it affected by psychological distress,job burnout,length of service and other factors. The nursing managers should take targeted intervention strategies according to the influencing factors,and improve the sleep quality of nurses in interventional department,so as to promote their physical function recovery and improve work engagement.

Mediating role of organization-based self-esteem and life meaning between career calling and job burnout among employees in a manufacturing enterprise in Changsha City

WANG Wen, CHEN Yiwen

2023, 39(13):  1769-1773. 

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Objective To analyze the impact of career calling on job burnout and its internal psychological mechanisms,explore the mediating role of organization-based self-esteem and life meaning between career calling and job burnout. Methods From April to September 2022,a 3-stage tracking data survey was performed among 148 employees from a manufacturing company in Changsha City by the localizational DOBROW career calling scale,STEGER meaning in life questionnaire,PIERCE organization-based self-esteem scale,and MASLACH job burnout scale. SPSS 26.0 and PROCESS were used for the statistic analysis. Results The scores of career calling,organization-based self-esteem,meaning of life existence,meaning of life seeking,and job burnout among employees were （3.95±0.72）,（3.52±0.63）,（5.77±0.93）,（5.43±1.29） and （1.42±0.84）points,respectively. The regression analysis shows that career calling was positively correlated with organization-based self-esteem,meaning of life existence and meaning of life seeking（β=0.49,0.48,0.21,all P<0.05）,and negatively correlated with job burnout（β=-0.26,P<0.01）. The organization-based self-esteem and meaning of life existence were negatively correlated with job burnout（β=-0.21,-0.30,both P<0.05）. The organization-based self-esteem and meaning of life existence played a part of mediating role between career calling and job burnout,accounting for 46.6% of the total effect,and the the effect of meaning of life seeking was not significant. Conclusion Managers need to make good use of the motivational role of career calling to moderately enhance the sense of mission of the enterprise and individuals in enterprise management. In cultural construction,they should provide more incentives and recognition to high-performance employees,enhance their organizational self-esteem,reduce job burnout,and maintain their mental health.At the same time,managers should also pay attention to the possibility that an excessively high level of career calling may stimulate individuals' motivation to seek meaning in life,trigger work-family conflicts,and thereby increase individual job burnout. In management practice,it is important to avoid the negative impact that an excessively high level of career calling may bring.

Analysis on genotyping of foodborne Listeria monocytogenes in commercially available food of Shanghai in 2020

WANG Xiao, DING Jin, CUI Qiqi, ZHOU Yuqing, PAN Lifeng, HAO Lipeng

2023, 39(13):  1774-1778. 

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Objective To study the genotyping characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes（LM） in commercially available food of Shanghai in 2020. Methods Totally 62 strains in 2020 were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoreisi（PFGE） and whole genome sequencing（WGS）. Results PFGE clustering analysis of 62 strains of LM identified 17 types and the dominant band was type 1. The multilocus sequence typing（MLST） of WGS data showed 12 sequence type（ST） types and the dominant type was ST9. All carried fosfomycin antibiotic gene（fosX）,listeria pathogenicity island-1（LIPI-1）,listeria pathogenicity island-2（LIPI-2）,listeria pathogenicity island-3（LIPI-3） and other virulence gene. Some strains carried aminoglycoside antibiotic gene[ANT（6）-la],macrolide antibiotic gene（ErmB）,trimethoprim resistant gene（dfrG）,tetracycline resistant gene（tetM）,lincosamide antibiotic gene（lin）,and chloramphenicol antibiotic gene（cat）. There were strains resistant to tetracycline,chloramphenicol and erythromycin,with serotypes of 1/2a,1/2b,1/2c and 4b. Conclusion The molecular typing of foodborne Listeria monocytogenes in commercially available food of Shanghai in 2020 has high diversity,there are many pathogenic types,the comparison effect of homology is MLST>PFGE> serotype,carring a variety of virulence genes,and ome strains show drug resistance characteristics.

Detection and analysis of main food radionuclides around a uranium mine in Hebei Province from 2019-2021

YANG Yanwen, CHENG Yamei, GUO Dawei, ZHOU Kaijian, LUO Yingnan, DONG Xiaoju

2023, 39(13):  1779-1781. 

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Objective To investigate the radioactivity level of food around a uranium mine area in Hebei Province,establish the radioactivity baseline value during the normal operation of the uranium mine,improve the level of emergency monitoring of nuclear accidents,and provide a scientific basis for evaluating food safety risks. Methods The high-purity germanium gamma spectrometer was used to detect the radionuclides of the main food produced around a uranium mine area in Hebei Province from 2019 to 2021,and the data were analyzed. Results From 2019 to 2021,the specificactivity ranges of ²³⁸U,²³²Th,²²⁶Ra,⁴⁰K,¹³⁷Cs,which are main food radionuclides around the uranium mine,were method detection limit（MDL）-（1.14 ±0.23）, MDL-（0.163±0.047）,MDL-（1.02±0.11）,（8.5±1.5）-（319.0±32.0）, MDL-（0.295±0.084）Bg/kg,respectively. The annual effective dose caused by the main food produced around the uranium mine in 2019,2020 and 2021 was 93.54,42.43 and 154.71 uSv/a,respectively. Conclusion The level of radionuclides in food around a uranium mine in Hebei Province is far below the national limit,the annual accumulated effective dose of residents due to ingestion is consistent with the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation 2000 report,and the trace amount of artificial radionuclide 137Cs will not cause harm to the health of residents.

Mediating role of perceived occupational benefit in relationship between COVID-19 fear and nursing work stress among clinical nurses

LI Bing, ZHOU Ju, JIANG Sinian, ZHU Min, ZANG Mouhong

2023, 39(13):  1782-1786. 

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Objective To investigate the current situation of coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19） fear,nursing work stress and perceived occupational benefit among 412 clinical nurses in Anhui Province,analyze the mediating role of perceived occupational benefit in the relationship between COVID-19 fear and nursing work stress. Methods From January to June 2022,412 clinical nurses from two tertiary public hospitals in Anhui Province were selected as the subjects by stratified sampling method. The survey tools were general information questionnaire,COVID-19 fear rating scale,nurses' nursing stressors scale and nurses' occupational benefit questionnaire. Results The total scores of COVID-19 fear,nursing stress and perceived occupational benefit among 412 clinical nurses in Anhui Province were （51.79±18.26）,（75.54±22.98） and （125.69±14.73）points,respectively. According to correlation analysis,there was a significant positive correlation between COVID-19 fear and nursing work stress scores of 412 clinical nurses in Anhui Province（P<0.05）,and a significant negative correlation between perceived occupational benefit and COVID-19 fear,nursing work stress scores（all P<0.05）. Bootstrap mediating effect test results showed that the mediating effect value of perceived occupational benefit between COVID-19 fear and nursing work stress among 412 clinical nurses in Anhui Province was 30.11%（P<0.01）. Conclusions The perceived occupational benefit,as an intermediary factor,can effectively regulate the relationship between COVID-19 fear and nursing work stress among 412 clinical nurses in Anhui Province. It is suggested that nursing administrators can enhance the level of perceived occupational benefit of clinical nurses through intervention ways,so as to indirectly reduce the distress of negative emotions,improve nursing quality,maintain patient safety,and promote the occupational health of nurses.

Job competency model for intermediate aged care workers in Shaanxi Province

JIN Chaoying, ZHA Ning, SHI Ruijie

2023, 39(13):  1787-1791. 

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Objective To develop a job competency model for intermediate aged care workers in Shaanxi Province,provide a theoretical basis for standardizing the assessment and selection of elderly care workers. Methods From February to December 2021,on the basis of literature review,semi-structured interviews and questionnaire surveys,the Delphi expert consultation method was applied to clarify the job competency indicators and entries for intermediate elderly care workers in Shaanxi Province. Results There were 19 experts in the correspondence,and the effective recovery rate of the questionnaires in the two rounds of expert inquiries was 100%,the positive degree of experts was 100%,the authority coefficient was 0.86,the coordination coefficient was 0.00-0.15,and the Kendall coefficient was 0.246（P<0.01）. The finalized job competency model of intermediate elderly care workers in Shaanxi Province covers 4 first-level indicators,14 second-level indicators and 54 third-level indicators. Conclusion The job competency model of intermediate elderly care workers in Shaanxi Province constructed in this study has a high degree of enthusiasm and authority of experts,a good degree of coordination of opinions,and a certain degree of scientificity,reliability,feasibility and promotion,which can provide basic compliance for standardizing the hierarchical training,hierarchical management,objective evaluation and assessment appointment of intermediate elderly care workers in Shaanxi Province.

Mediating effect of emotional labor strategy between psychological capital and empathy fatigue of clinical nurses

LU Junjun, CAO Xueqing, YANG Chunxia, HE Min, XU Shengyu

2023, 39(13):  1792-1796. 

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Objective To explore the different mediating effects of two emotional labors,including surface acting and deep acting,on the relationship between nurses' psychological capital and compassion fatigue. Methods By using the "Questionnaire Star" online survey method,260 clinical nurses in Nantong City of Jiangsu Province were investigated with the general information questionnaire,the psychological capital questionnaire,the emotional labor scale for nurses and compassion fatigue short scale From April to June 2022. SPSS 23.0 was used for statistical description and correlation analysis. PROCESS 3.5 plug-in was used for mediation effect test. Results The total average score of psychological capital of nurses was （4.85±0.47）points,the total average score of compassion fatigue was （2.77±0.63）points,the total average score of surface acting was （2.37±0.70）points,and the total average score of deep acting was （4.77±0.69）points. The psychological capital and its dimensions were negatively correlated with compassion fatigue and its dimensions,and surface acting,while positively correlated with deep acting. The compassion fatigue and its dimensions were negatively correlated with deep acting,while positively correlated with surface acting（all P<0.01）. The regression analysis showed that both surface acting and deep acting mediated between psychological capital and compassion fatigue,but their effects were opposite（surface acting：β=0.621,P<0.01;deep acting：β=-0.244,P<0.01）. The total mediating effect of the two pathways was -0.759（95%CI：-1.015--0.529）,accounting for 76.36% of the total effect. Conclusions The psychological capital can not only directly affect compassion fatigue of nurses,but also indirectly affect compassion fatigue through emotional labor. The managers can take targeted intervention strategies to improve nurses' psychological capital and deep acting,reduce surface acting,and then alleviate their compassion fatigue.

Mediating effect of psychological contract breach between emotional labor and affective commitment in nurses

HU Jiaxing, SHU Yusheng, BAI Lu, WANG Xinwei, DOU Yingru, SUN Xiuyun

2023, 39(13):  1797-1802. 

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Objective To explore the mediating effect of psychological contract breach on nurses' emotional labor and affective commitment,provide the reference for improving nurses' affective commitment level. Methods In May 2022,887 clinical nurses from three general hospitals in Jiangsu Province were selected by the convenience sampling as research subjects. The nurses were investigated by the general information questionnaire,nurses' emotional labor scale,psychological contract questionnaire and emotional commitment scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The overall averaged score of emotional labor of 887 nurses was（3.61±0.72）points,the overall averaged score of psychological contract breach was （2.34±0.70）points,and the overall averaged score of affective commitment was （3.47±0.85）points. The emotional labor and psychological contract breach were negatively correlated with affective commitment（r=-0.174,-0.587,both P<0.01）. There was a positive correlation between emotional labor and psychological contract breach（r=0.381,P<0.01）. The structural equation model results showed that psychological contract breach played a complete mediating role between surface acting,emotional expression requirements and affective commitment in nurses,with the proportion of effect was 100%,and played a partial mediating role between deep acting and affective commitment, with the proportion of effect was 36.95%. Conclusion The emotional labor can indirectly affect nurses' affective commitment through psychological contract breach,suggesting that nursing managers can improve emotional labor and improve nurses' affective commitment from the perspective of reducing psychological contract breach.

Influence of education level on awareness of nutrition and health knowledge of permanent residents in Rugao City

SHI Xiangling, TAN Weiwei

2023, 39(13):  1803-1808. 

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Objective To know the influence of cultural level on the awareness of nutritional and health knowledge among permanent residents in Rugao City,provide theoretical basis for carrying out targeted nutrition and health education. Methods The face-to-face questionnaire survey was used to conduct the cross-sectional survey of nutrition knowledge among 330 permanent residents in Rugao City in April 2021. The residents were divided into low education level group,medium education level group and high education level group according to their educational levels. SPSS 25.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results The residents with high education level had the highest pass level（70.87%） and those with low education level had the highest fail level（51.47%）. The total score of the low education level group[M（P₂₅,P₇₅）] was 59.25（53.13,64.50）points,which was significantly lower than that of the medium education level group[65.00（57.00,68.50）points] and the high education level group[66.00（60.00, 70.50）points]（P<0.01）. The knowledge score was positively correlated with the education level（r=0.302,P<0.01）. There were statistically significant differences in the knowledge scores and correct rates of food and nutrients,food selection,dietary recommendation,nutrition and health,food safety and food saving among residents of low,medium and high education level groups（all P<0.05）,among which the correct rates of food and nutrients in three groups（53.79%,54.88% and 61.11%）. There were statistically significant differences in choices in terms of website search,books/newspapers/periodicals/magazines and publicity lectures among three groups,and Wechat/Weibo/Douyin/Kuaishou and other software provide the most selective way for residents in each group（85.29%,85.07% and 90.55%） to acquire nutrition and health knowledge. Conclusions The overall level of nutrition and health knowledge of permanent residents in Rugao City is low,and the education level directly affects nutrition cognition,with a positive correlation. The groups with different education level have different scores,correct rates of six categories of nutrition knowledge and access methods. It is suggested that the content and the way of nutrition education should be selected according to the different objects.

Analysis on epidemic situation of notifiable infectious diseases based on network direct reporting system in Lianyungang City from 2012-2021

CHEN Yuge, ZHENG Yanze, LI Haipeng, LI Di, XIE Bingyan

2023, 39(13):  1809-1813. 

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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and disease spectrum changes of notifiable infectious diseases in Lianyungang City,provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies and measures of infectious diseases. Methods The data of notifiable diseases in Lianyungang City from 2012 to 2021 were collected,and descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the data. Results There was no class A infectious diseases reported in Lianyungang City from 2012 to 2021,a total of 29 kinds of class B and C infectious diseases were reported,including 112 905 cases,with an annual incidence of 252 64/100 000. 170 patients died,with an annual mortality rate of 0.38/100 000 and a fatality rate of 0.151%. The cases from April to July accounted for 45.13% of total cases,the patients aged ≤14 years old accounted for 62.95%,the male to female ratio was 1.63 ∶ 1,and the population was mainly scattered children,farmers and preschool children,accounting for 74.87%. The intestinal infectious diseases accounted for 54.27%,respiratory infectious diseases accounted for 29.02%,blood-borne and sexually transmitted diseases accounted for 15.56%,and natural and insect-borne infectious diseases accounted for 1.16%. The top five diseases of the incidence were hand,foot and mouth disease（115.54/100 000）,tuberculosis（36.80/100 000）,syphilis（25.08/100 000）,hepatitis（17.23/100 000） and mumps（16.93/100 000）. The top four in the death spectrum were AIDS（0.172/100 000）,tuberculosis（0.081/100 000）,rabies（0.069/100 000） and hemorrhagic fever（0.038/100 000）. Conclusions The morbidity and mortality of the notifiable infectious diseases in Lianyungang City show a decreasing trend from 2012 to 2021. The hand,foot and mouth disease,tuberculosis,syphilis,hepatitis and AIDS are the key points of prevention and control in the future,brucellosis prevention and control in some areas should be paid attention to,and Lianyungang City should continue to implement the policy of prevention first,prevention combined with comprehensive treatment.

Study on sleep quality and influencing factors of officers and soldiers of a troop stationed on plateau

LIU Tianlu, ZHANG Linyuan, LIU Xiwen, HAN Fuyu, ZHANG Lanfang, DU Juan

2023, 39(13):  1814-1816. 

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Objective To understand the sleep quality of officers and soldiers of a certain unit stationed on the plateau,analyze its influencing factors. Methods From November to December in 2021,a questionnaire was conducted on 108 officers and soldiers stationed on the plateau by using the basic data questionnaire,the Pittsburgh sleep quality index（PSQI） and the multidimensional fatigue inventory-20（MFI-20）,and the data were analyzed. Results The total sleep quality score of 108 officers and soldiers stationed on the plateau was （8.61±3.78）points,of which 50% had poor sleep quality. The multiple regression analysis showed that marital status and fatigue were the main factors affecting the sleep quality of officers and soldiers stationed on the plateau（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The sleep quality of officers and soldiers stationed on the plateau environment is affected by marital status and fatigue,so targeted measures can be taken to improve their sleep quality.

Status quo of career planning in nursing graduate students and its correlation with professional values and psychological capital

LIN Huan, GE Hongxia, LI Na, LIU Wenchong, SHI Liying, SHAO Ke

2023, 39(13):  1817-1821. 

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Objective To investigate the status quo of career planning in nursing graduate students,explore the influence of professional values and psychological capital on career planning. Methods From February to April in 2022,210 nursing graduate students from Class 2019 to Class 2021 from six universities in Shandong Province were selected by the convenience sampling method. The investigation was performed by the nursing professional values scale,psychological capital scale and nursing career planning scale of nursing college students,and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of career planning,professional values and psychological capital of 210 nursing graduate students was （94.97±12.73）,（101.75±15.07） and （115.11±16.25）points, respectively. The total score of professional values was positively correlated with the total score of career planning（r=0.454,P<0.01）,and the total score of psychological capital was positively correlated with the total score of career planning（r=0.620,P<0.01）. The professional values and psychological capital were the predictive variables of career planning（β=0.179, 0.497,both P<0.05）. Conclusion The career planning of 210 nursing graduate students from six universities in Shandong Province is general,and students with better professional values and psychological capital have better career planning.

Mediating role of active coping between social support and turnover intention among nursing students at two traditional Chinese medicine hospitals of Xi'an City

HAN Hongna, YANG Haixia, YANG Ying, GAO Xueni, ZHANG Jia, CHENG Fan

2023, 39(13):  1822-1826. 

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Objective To explore the mediating effect of positive coping styles between social support and turnover intentions of nursing students using structural equation modeling. Methods From February to March 2022,a questionnaire survey was conducted among 203 nursing students at two traditional Chinese medicine hospitals of Xi'an City by the general information questionnaire,the turnover intention questionnaire,the social support rating scale,and the simple coping style questionnaire,and the data were analyzed. Results The score of turnover intention,social support and active coping among nursing students in traditional Chinese medicine hospitals was （14.79±2.10）,（33.42±6.24） and （20.57±6.16）points,respectively. The social support and active coping were negatively correlated with turnover intention,and the social support was positively correlated with positive coping（all P<0.01）. The positive coping partially mediated the relationship between social support and turnover intention. Conclusion The nursing managers and educators should take effective measures to improve nursing students' coping style when facing clinical problems in the studentship stage,improve their social support level,and reduce their turnover intention,so as to stabilize the nursing team and cultivate high-quality reserve talents.

Investigation of myopia among children and adolescents in Liunan District of Liuzhou City from 2018-2021

JIANG Qianqian, LI Yanfei, LAN Jian, LI Mengyue

2023, 39(13):  1827-1830. 

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Objective To understand the trend and influencing factors of myopia in children and adolescents in Liunan District of Liuzhou City,provide reference for formulating prevention and control measures. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select students from nine schools in Liunan District of Liuzhou City from 2018 to 2021. The far vision examination,refraction test and questionnaire survey were performed,and the data were analyzed. Results From 2018 to 2021,the myopia rates of children and adolescents in Liunan District of Liuzhou City were 57.86%,56.88%,56.44% and 55.94%,respectively,showing a downward trend in general,and the difference was statistically significant（χ²_trend=9.678,P<0.05）. The myopia rates of girls were higher than those of boys,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that changing seats regularly（OR=1.136,P<0.05）,adjusting the height of desks and chairs according to students' height（OR=1.083,P<0.05）,doing eye exercises at school（OR=1.042,P<0.01）,taking breaks outdoors during recess（OR=1.902,P<0.01）,and parents limit children's time of watching TV,playing computer or video games（OR=0.828,P<0.05） were protective factors for myopia. The long time for homework/reading and writing after school（OR=1.139,P<0.01）,near work for long time before resting（OR=0.893,P<0.01）,reading books or electronic screens when walking or taking a bus（OR=0.788,P<0.01）,turning off the lights when looking at electronic screens after dark（OR=0.881,P<0.05）,and lying or prostrating to read books or electronic screens（OR=0.828,P<0.05） were risk factors for myopia. Conclusions From 2018 to 2021,the myopia rate of children and adolescents in Liunan District of Liuzhou City is decline year by year,but it is still at a high level. It is necessary to develop myopia prevention and control measures from individuals,families and schools according to the influencing factors of myopia,to reduce the risk of myopia among children and adolescents.

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of injuries among primary and secondary school students in Guilin City from 2016-2020

XIAO Song, TANG Jie, JIANG Xingxing, HE Kailian, SHI Wuxiang, LI You

2023, 39(13):  1831-1835. 

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Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of injuries among primary and secondary school students in Guilin City from 2016 to 2020,provide reference and basis for putting forward targeted and feasible intervention strategies. Methods From 2016 to 2020,the injury data of primary and secondary school students who were treated in the outpatient and emergency departments of sentinel hospitals for the first time due to injury in Guilin City were collected to analyze the epidemic situation and characteristics. Results In Guilin City,a total of 9 842 injuries were reported among primary and secondary school students aged 6-<19 years,including 6 674 injuries in boys and 3 168 injuries in girls,with a male-to-female ratio of 2.11 ∶ 1. The injuries mainly occurred in schools and public places,roads/streets and homes,accounting for 36.94%（3 636 cases）,19.42%（1 911 cases） and 19.29%（1 899 cases）,respectively. The main causes of injuries were fall,blunt force injury and knife/sharp force injury,accounting for 52.79%（5 196 cases）,13.30%（1 309 cases） and 12.77%（1 257 cases）,respectively. The top three injury sites were head,upper limb and lower limb,accounting for 33.58%（3 305 cases）,26.29%（2 587 cases） and 25.75%（2 534 cases）,respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the place,cause,activity,nature and location of injuries among primary and secondary school students of different age and gender（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The occurrence of injuries among primary and secondary school students in Guilin City from 2016 to 2020 is influenced by a variety of factors,and injury prevention education should be carried out to reduce the occurrence of injuries to protect the health of students by addressing the different characteristics of injury occurrence among primary and secondary school students in Guilin City.

Analysis and prediction of sub-health outcomes of undergraduate nursing students based on classification and regression tree model

ZHANG Man, CUI Yi, DU Juan, ZHENG Xutong, GAO Dan, LANG Hongjuan

2023, 39(13):  1836-1840. 

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Objective To understand the sub-health status of undergraduate nursing students and predict their characteristic population by the classification and regression tree model. Methods From December 2021 to March 2022,363 nursing students enrolled in a university inXi'an City were collected by the convenience sampling,the sub-health status of nursing students were investigated by the suboptimal health status questionnaire-25（SHSQ-25）,and the data were analyzed. Results The sub-health detection rate of nursing students was 90.6%. There were statistically significant differences in the sub-health scores among undergraduate nursing students with different place of birth,self-rated stress level,and hours of sleep per night（all P<0.05）. The highest sub-health score[（80.57±16.12）points] was found in undergraduate nursing students with insomnia and staying up late habit,mental state was seriously or extremely affected by staying up late,and staying up late more than three times in a week,and the the lowest sub-health score[（46.18±10.94）points] was found in undergraduate nursing students who did not stay up late in the recent week. Conclusion The sub-health status of undergraduate nursing studentsin a university in Xi'an City is moderate or above,and affected by the grade,stress level,and the habit of staying up late,so the nursing educators should conduct scientific and effective health-related activities and knowledge lectures to improve the health awareness and status of undergraduate nursing students according to theirplace of birth,insomnia status,and reasons for staying up late.

Study on sleep status and influencing factors of students in a medical college in Shanxi Province

LIAN Xinyu, WANG Ying, XU Miao, JIA Binbin, CHENG Jingmin

2023, 39(13):  1841-1845. 

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Objective To carry out the investigation on overall sleep status of students in a medical college in Shanxi Province,analyze the factors affecting their sleep status and the correlation,and put forward the corresponding improvement measures. Methods From October 2020 to February 2021,the convenience sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey among 397 students of a medical college in Shanxi Province,and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index（PSQI） was used to measure their sleep status,and the data were analyzed. Results The average score of PSQI among students of a medical college in Shanxi Province was （5.79±3.67）points,among which 21.7%（86/397） of students had poor sleep quality（PSQI≥8）. There was statistically significant difference in sleep status among medical college students with different chronic disease conditions（P<0.05）. The screen usage time before bedtime and total score of Chinese dietary balance were correlated with sleep status（all P<0.01）. The chronic disease,screen usage time before bedtime and score of Chinese dietary balance were the main factors affecting sleep status of college students（all P<0.01）. Conclusion The sleep status of students in a medical college in Shanxi Province is not optimistic,and sleep quality can be improved by sleep guidance,improving dietary structure and reducing the time of using mobile phone and other electronic devices.

Bibliometric analysis of research literature on sleep disorders of the elderly at home and abroad

CHANG Yaru, LI Yue, GUO Hongyu, YU Jian, CAO Hong

2023, 39(13):  1846-1851. 

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Objective To carry out a bibliometric analysis of the research status and development direction of sleep disorders in the elderly at home and abroad,provide references for future researches on effectively improving sleep disorders in the elderly. Methods Using bibliometrics and CiteSpace software,taking CNKI and Web of Science core database as data sources,this paper made a visual analysis on the annual publication volume,country,institution,author,keywords and other contents of Chinese and English literature related to sleep disorders of the elderly from January 2012 to May 2022. Results Excluding incomplete inclusion in 2022,the number of articles about sleep disorders in the elderly showed an obvious upward trend from 2012 to 2022,with a total of 1 541 articles in Chinese and 743 articles in English. The United States is the country with the largest number of articles. In terms of cooperation between institutions and authors,domestic cooperation is looser than international cooperation. The investigation of psychological problems such as insomnia,depression and anxiety related to sleep disorders and related risk factors is a common research hotspot in the field of sleep disorders of the elderly at home and abroad. Conclusions In the past 10 years,the research on sleep disorders of the elderly has been on the increase,and the research on sleep disorders and cognitive function of the elderly has been a hot spot and trend at home and abroad in the past two years. In the future,the sleep problems of the elderly with cognitive disorders can be further studied and discussed. At the same time,it is necessary to pay attention to strengthening the communication between authors and cooperation among institutions to expand the depth and breadth of research.

Influencing factors of transition readiness in adolescents with chronic diseases：A meta-analysis

HAN Jingyi, SONG Wenjing, LIU Guoqing, DUAN Lianmei, LI Qianxing, WANG Ying

2023, 39(13):  1852-1855. 

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Objective To explore the factors influencing transition readiness in adolescents with chronic diseases by the meta-analysis. Methods Both of the Chinese databases including CNKI,Wanfang Data,VIP,CBM and English databases including PubMed,EMbase,Cochrane Library,Web of Science were searched by computer,and supplemented by manual search from inception to March 20,2022. The literature screening,data extraction and quality evaluation were performed independently by two researchers. RevMan 5.3 and Stata 17.0 were included to perform meta-analysis. Results A total of 18 literatures were included,all of which were cross-sectional studies. The meta-analysis showed that the age,health literacy and self-efficacy were all influencing factors of transition readiness（r=0.38,0.34,0.48,95%CI：0.22-0.54,0.26-0.42,0.34-0.61,all P<0.05）. Conclusion Age,health literacy and self-efficacy are influencing factors of transition readiness of adolescents with chronic diseases,and the targeted clinical transition programs based on this can be formulated to improve the transition readiness of adolescents with chronic diseases.

Health Management and Research

Analysis on status and fairness of human resource allocation in primary health care institutions in Tianjin from 2015-2020

HE Lisha, XIONG Wenyan, WANG Meng, ZHAO Shuai, FU xiao, MA Weishu

2023, 39(13):  1856-1860. 

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Objective To analyze the current situation and fairness of human resource allocation in primary health care institutions,provide reference for Tianjin to optimize the allocation of primary health human resources in the new stage of the "14th Five-Year Plan". Methods The health human resource density index,Gini coefficient and Theil index were used to analyze the fairness of primary health human resource allocation. Results The average annual growth rate of primary health human resources in 2015-2020 was 7.57%,and the ratio of doctors to nurses was 1 ∶ 0.503-1 ∶ 0.520. The Gini coefficient value was respectively：population（0.135-0.199）,economy（0.418-0.494）,and geography（0.558-0.646）. The difference contribution rate of Theil index showed that the differences in geography originated mainly from inter regional differences,while the differences in economic dimensions mainly originated from within regions,which were 89.98%-94.91% and 48.71%-65.37%,respectively. Conclusions The growth of primary health human resources is slow,and the ratio of doctors and nurses is unbalanced. The fairness of allocation by population is better than that of allocation by economy and area. It is suggested that the allocation of primary health human resources should be optimized as the core,and each district should be well planned from the aspects of personnel structure and spatial distribution,the high-quality medical resources should be guided to sink into areas with low levels of economic development and resource scarcity,so as to promote the coordinated development of the grassroots health human resources in the city.

Overview

Research progress in detection technology of disinfection by-products of haloacetonitriles in water

ZHAN Wei, LI Yong, ZHANG Yong, LI Haoran, HAN Zhiyu

2023, 39(13):  1861-1866. 

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Haloacetonitriles（HANs） are a kind of emerging nitrogenous disinfection by-products. HANs may pose potential threat to human health because of their cytotoxicity,neurotoxicity,genotoxicity,and carcinogenicity. HANs are widely found in all kinds of water bodies,including drinking water,swimming pool water,sewage and wastewater,and these compounds have a high concentration level. At present,HANs are still not regulated in China,and there is no standard basis for relevant testing techniques. This paper reviews the research progress in detection technology of disinfection by-products in water samples,and analyze the characteristics and applicability of various detection technologies from three aspects of sample collection,sample preparation and instrument methods,so as to provide a reference for the selection of technology.

Research progress on health anxiety of patients with chronic diseases

LI Qi, WANG Yuxin, ZHANG Yujia, CUI Shan, LIU Miao, JIN Yi

2023, 39(13):  1867-1872. 

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The chronic diseases are the main cause of premature death of the global population,characterized by long-term slow development and serious illness,which can be controlled but rarely cured. The patients with chronic diseases often worry about their health,so health anxiety（HA） is widespread. The people with HA will pay too much attention to their health and misunderstand most normal physical feelings as signs of serious diseases. This makes the patients suffer great pain for a long time,seriously affects their physical and mental health,reduces their quality of life,and may even lead to new diseases. However,at present,there is little attention in this field in China,and there is a lack of relevant clinical intervention research. Therefore,this article summarizes the related concepts of HA,the characteristics of HA in patients with chronic diseases,the evaluation tools and intervention strategies,and puts forward suggestions for future research directions,aiming at providing effective evaluation tools and intervention measures for such patients,promoting the development of this field in China,and providing basis for relevant clinical researchers.